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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study included 200 patients with pleural effusion. Pleural effusions were transudative in 48 (24%) and exudative in 152 (76%) of cases. Congestive cardiac failure (14.5%), nephrotic syndrome (5.5%), and liver cirrhosis (2.5%) were the most common etiological diagnoses of transudate cases. Malignant effusion (16.5%), pneumonia (13%), pleural empyema (9%), tuberculosis (6%), and pulmonary embolism (5.5%) were the most common etiological diagnoses of exudative cases. Thirty-two (16%) cases of exudative pleural effusions were of undertermined etiology. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes predominated in 48 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The most common etiological diagnoses were pneumonia (41.67%), pleural empyema (39.59%) and pulmonary embolism (10.42%). Lymphocytes in pleural fluid were predominant in 63 patients, with malignant (6.34%), tuberculous pleurisy (19.02%), pulmonary embolism (6.34%), trauma (6.34%), and (46.11%) cases in patients with pleural exudate undertermined etiology. Eosinophyls were predominant in 16 (8%) patients with exudative pleural effusions. The most common etiology of eosinophilic pleural fluid were pneumonia (37.5%), malignant pleural effusion (25%), pulmonary embolism (12.5%), pyopneumothorax (6.25%) and trauma 6.25%. From 16 patients with eosinophilic pleural exudate, in 31% cases air, in 12.5% blood in pleural fluid were determined and in 12.5% cases previous pleural puncture was performed. Pleural fluid eosinophilia is most commonly associated with the presence of air or blood in the pleural fluid (correalation index 0.82). Malignant pleural effusions were determined in 33 patients. Malignant cells in pleural fluid were identified in 25 cases. The diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology for malignant pleural effusions were 76%. Hemoragic pleuritis was determined in 18 and hemothorax in 4 patients. Etiology of hemothorax were trauma (75%) and coaguliopathia (25%). Most common etiological diagnoses of hemoragic pleuritis were neoplasia (33.3%), pulmonary embolism (16.65%), trauma (16.65%), pneumonia (11.11%), and congestive cardiac failure (11.11%). Diagnostic sensitivity and specifity of hemoragic pleuritis is low, 58% and 45% respectively.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of pleural fluid cytologic examination]. 1255 57

The most common causes for undiagnosed transudative effusions are congestive heart failure and hepatic hydrothorax. Pleural fluid N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels higher than 1500 pg/mL are virtually diagnostic of congestive heart failure. The most common causes for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions are malignancy, pulmonary embolism, and tuberculosis. Clinical characteristics of patients with a malignant pleural effusion are symptoms for more than 1 month, absence of fever, blood-tinged pleural fluid, and CT findings suggestive of malignancy. Thoracoscopy is useful to establish the diagnosis of malignancy and tuberculosis.
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PMID:The undiagnosed pleural effusion. 1671 20

Lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer death among males. Several new methodologies are being used in the everyday practise for diagnosis and staging. Novel targeted therapies are being used and others are being investigated. However; early diagnosis still remains the cornerstone for efficient treatment and disease management. Lung cancer patients requires in many situations intensive care unit (ICU) admission, either due to the necessity for supportive care until efficient disease symptom control (respiratory distress due to malignant pleural effusion) or disease adverse effect management (massive pulmonary embolism). In any case guidelines indicating the patient that has to be intubated have not yet been issued. In the current review we will present current data and finally present an algorithm based on the current published information for lung cancer patients that will probably benefit from admission to the ICU.
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PMID:Intensive care unit and lung cancer: when should we intubate? 2410 14

We reported three cases of pulmonary embolism which presented acutely and was confirmed shortly after therapeutic drainage of malignant pleural effusion. The temporal association may suggest that massive pleural effusion can be a risk factor for pulmonary embolism arising from venous thrombosis of lower limbs in patients with malignancies. This association can be related to the intra-thoracic pressure changes related to therapeutic pleural drainage. In case patient developed paradoxical dysnoea and hypoxemia after drainage of malignant pleural effusion, alternate cause such as pulmonary embolism should be considered.
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PMID:Pulmonary embolism developing after therapeutic drainage of malignant pleural effusions. 3012 70