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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is generally established when the patient has characteristic pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in the setting of an appropriate clinical history and with no concurrent cardiopulmonary disease on chest x-ray film. The initial evaluation, including positive pulmonary perfusion scan, of four young black women suggested the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. A syndrome of respiratory tract viral infection then developed, and further evaluation by angiography and perfusion scans contradicted the diagnoses of pulmonary emboli. Each patient had substantial convalescent-phase complement-fixation titers to influenza A. Thus, if reliance is placed in pulmonary perfusion scans, an erroneous diagnosis of pulmonary emboli may be made for patients with influenza A.
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PMID:Influenza A infection simulating pulmonary embolism. 57 63

An 18-year-old patient requiring steroid treatment for severe bronchial asthma and with atopic dermatitis acquired a cowpox-like virus infection clinically similar to smallpox from a domestic cat as carrier. In spite of intensive care, with controlled pressure breathing and the last available vaccinia hyperimmunoglobulin, the patient died of pulmonary embolism although viral spread had ceased some days before.
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PMID:[Lethal animal pox virus infection in an atopic patient simulating variola vera]. 165 9

Three cases of deep venous thrombosis following varicella infection are described which were successfully treated with bed rest and anticoagulants. Two of these patients had severe pulmonary manifestations of varicella and the third was complicated by pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis is an uncommon systemic manifestation of varicella, possibly associated with vascular endothelium wall damage caused by varicella zoster virus infection.
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PMID:Three cases of varicella thrombophlebitis as a complication of varicella zoster virus infection. 846 61

We report a 17-year-old man with destructive pulmonary embolism caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. The patient was not immunocompromised and had neither underlying diseases nor risk factors, such as concomitant influenza viral infection, which exacerbate staphylococcal infections. The rapid and extensive progression of pulmonary involvement in all lung fields make this a rare case; there have been few reports in the literature describing a similar radiographic appearance in patients with community-acquired staphylococcal bacteremia. In-vitro studies did not demonstrate the production of enterotoxins or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) by the isolated strain, but genetic analysis detected Panton-Valentine leukocidine gene from the strain. Subsequent empyema with bilateral pneumothorax was prolonged because of superinfection with both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Optional surgical treatments, including thoracostomy and thoracopneumoplasty, finally improved his condition.
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PMID:Destructive pulmonary embolism in a patient with community-acquired staphylococcal bacteremia. 1195 28

We have to consider the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) may be caused not only by infection, but also by acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or other cardiopulmonary complications. Because it is characteristic that the exacerbation of COPD is often recurensive, the most important thing is the administration during stable status. Approximately 40% of pathogens of the acute infectious exacerbation of COPD are Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Echelisia coli. Also, approximately 15% is exacerbated by atypical pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and approximately 30% is by viral infection. We should contemplate the possibility of pathogens according to the statistics, when we choose antibiotics empirically.
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PMID:[Administration of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. 1467 28

Reactive airway disease is often triggered by an upper respiratory viral infection and readily responds to anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapy. The differential diagnosis for unresponsive disease includes poorly controlled asthma, noncompliance with medical regimen, vocal cord dysfunction, rhinosinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease or recurrent aspiration, foreign body aspiration, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Churg-Strauss vasculitis, cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure or mitral stenosis, or other pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis, airway neoplasms, or laryngotracheomalacia. As is often the case, a meticulous history can expeditiously direct the clinician to the diagnosis, especially in a patient without a smoking, asthmatic, or atopic history.
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PMID:A 41-year-old male with cough, wheeze, and dyspnea poorly responsive to asthma therapy. 2081 28

A number of diseases may cause right atrial mass. Primary cardiac tumors range from 0.002 to 0.25%. Intracardiac manifestation and pulmonary embolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very rare finding and uncommon even at autopsy. Here we describe the case of a 32-year-old Asian man who was referred for shortness of breath lasting for a month, along with unproductive cough. He was a manual laborer with a history of diabetes, alcoholism, and smoking. Clinically he was diagnosed as having pulmonary embolism. Echocardiogram showed a mass in the right atrium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that he had a large mass in the right atrium extending down into the inferior vena cava. Further evaluation showed that he had chronic liver disease with portal hypertension and was hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, indicating hepatitis B infection. He underwent excision of the mass, and the pathological report showed metastasis of HCC with multiple vascular emboli in the lungs. As this is the second reported case of this kind in the literature, we highlight the need of screening at least 6-monthly all patients with chronic liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infection for the early detection of HCC.
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PMID:A rare cause for acute cor pulmonale. 2171 49

Viral infection is known to induce transient autoimmunity in humans. Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is implicated in occasional thrombosis formation. We here, for the first time, report a 19-year-old female who had an acute CMV infection, leading to a deep venous thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism along with transient appearance of lupus anticoagulant. The pathological role of antiphospholipid antibodies in CMV-mediated thrombosis is discussed.
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PMID:Transient antiphospholipid syndrome associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection: a case report and literature review. 2554 10

A 50 year old lady, prospective kidney donor was referred to our department for opinion in view of abnormal clinical findings during preoperative evaluation. She was asymptomatic from respiratory point of view. Her vital parameters were normal and on auscultation found to have decreased breath sounds and fine crackles throughout left hemithorax. Chest x-ray (CXR) showed left sided hyperlucency with small hilum (Figure 1). High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed scattered areas of bronchiectasis with associated air trapping throughout left lung with small left pulmonary artery (Figure 2). Sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was negative. Spirometry showed moderate obstructive abnormality with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) - 51% predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) - 60% and FEV1/FVC - 76% with no bronchodilator reversibility. On post bronchodilator study there was paradoxical fall in FEV1/FVC to 72% consistent with small airway disease. Arterial blood gas analysis was normal. Technetium (Tc) 99m MAA lung perfusion scan (Figure3) showed normal perfusion of right lung contributing 75.4% of relative function and left lung contributing only 24.6%. Diagnosis of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) probably due to a childhood viral infection was made. Operative complications in such cases like difficult weaning and extubation, post-operative respiratory infections, collapse and respiratory failure are likely. However, our patient had an uneventful operative and post-operative course. SJMS is characterized by unilateral hyperlucency of a part of or the entire lung which was first described in 1953 by Swyer and James and later in 1954 by Macleod.1,2 It is considered to be an acquired disease as a result of post-infectious obliterative bronchiolitis. Productive cough, shortness of breath and sometimes hemoptysis are presenting symptoms. Some patients are asymptomatic and not diagnosed until they are adults.3 Radiologically it presents as predominant unilateral hyperlucency. Hence other causes of unilateral hyperlucent lung like pneumothorax, idiopathic giant bullae, congenital lobar emphysema, pulmonary artery hypoplasia, pulmonary embolism and bronchial obstruction due to foreign body or mucus plugs should be considered. Treatment is supportive with early control of super-added infections along with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Bronchodilators can be useful, especially if the spirometry shows obstructive abnormality.
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PMID:Asymptomatic Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung in a Prospective Kidney Donor. 2760 83

In Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), hemorrhagic manifestations are common but thrombotic events are uncommonly reported, despite the wide range of increased procoagulant activity during Dengue Fever illness. We report a case of a 55-year-old man of Asian Indian ethnicity who developed large vein thrombotic event -Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in the acute phase of DHF. His condition was further complicated by associated thrombocytopenia. The etiological connections between dengue viral infection with thrombocytopenia, DVT/PE and abnormal thrombophilia profile as well as the treatment dilemmas posed in treating a patient of DF with hemorrhagic manifestations and associated DVT/PE, and the role of eltrombopag are discussed.
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PMID:Life-Threatening Thrombo-embolic Events in a Case of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. 2776 19


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