Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is rapidly gaining acceptance as a versatile noninvasive alternative to conventional angiography. The technique has proved useful in the visualization and assessment of complex pathologic entities in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, renal arteries, pelvic arterial system, and pulmonary arteries. Several postprocessing techniques are available for reformation of the imaging data, including maximum intensity projection (MIP), surface rendering, and virtual intraluminal endoscopy (VIE). MIP and subvolume MIP reconstructions can be produced quickly and are useful for demonstration and archiving purposes. Because of its unique ability to display vessels without overlap, surface rendering is especially useful in depicting diseases that influence either the outer shape of the vessels or their topographic arrangement. VIE allows assessment of the inside of the vascular wall and is helpful in detecting wall-bound thrombus and evaluating the degree of stenosis. Most clinically relevant questions (eg, presence of pulmonary embolism, aortic aneurysm, renal artery stenosis) can be fully answered if analysis is based on MIP and thin multiplanar reformations of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiograms. In some cases, the use of additional postprocessing techniques enhances diagnostic confidence.
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PMID:Postprocessing techniques for gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography. 930 1

Since the introduction of helical scanners, CT angiography (CTA) has achieved an essential role in many vascular applications that were previously managed with conventional angiography. The performance of CTA is based on the accurate selection of collimation width, pitch, reconstruction spacing and scan delay, which must be modulated on the basis of the clinical issue. However, the major improvement of CT has been provided by the recent implementation of many post-processing techniques, such as multiplanar reformatting, shaded surface display, maximum intensity projections, 3D perspectives of surface and volume rendering, which simulate virtual intravascular endoscopy. The integration of the potentialities of the scanner and of the image processing techniques permitted improvement of: (a) the evaluation of aneurysms, dissection and vascular anomalies involving the thoracic aorta; (b) carotid artery stenosis; (c) aneurysms of abdominal aorta; (d) renal artery stenosis; (e) follow-up of renal artery stenting; and (f) acute or chronic pulmonary embolism. Our experience has shown that the assessment of arterial pathologies with CTA requires the integration of 3D post-processing techniques in most applications.
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PMID:CT in vascular pathologies. 960 52