Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism may be dominated by manifestations of pulmonary infarction or by the signs and symptoms of an acute hemodynamic disturbance. Most often, some manifestation is present along with hemodynamic abnormalities, which may range from shock or cardiac arrest to tachycardia.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and hemodynamic correlates in pulmonary embolism. 638 89

The association of pericarditis and pulmonary embolism may be the source of diagnostic error and delay in the administration of anticoagulant therapy. Two cases are reported. Pericarditis occurred late in patients with severe, chronic pulmonary embolism with electrocardiographic changes of acute cor pulmonale. Two physiopathological mechanisms for this association have been proposed. The first, haemodynamic, suggests friction between the pericardium and distended right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The second, an immunological hypothesis, compares the association of pericarditis and pulmonary embolism to that of the Dressler syndrome after myocardial infarction. This assimilation would imply the constitution of an anatomical pulmonary infarction. It is not justifiable to accept this pathogenesis on the evidence of transient pulmonary opacities resulting from intra-alveolar haemorrhage or of linear opacities of pulmonary atelectasis secondary to hypocapnic pneumoconstriction which are radiological signs of anatomo-physiological stages of pre-infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Pericarditis and pulmonary embolism. A difficult differential diagnosis and a confusing association]. 643 34

Pulmonary embolism discovered at autopsy is still as prevalent as previously reported in the last three to four decades. Only a certain percentage of pulmonary emboli result in pulmonary infarction. Recently published studies have suggested that importance of the size of the occluded pulmonary artery in the occurrence of infarction. Our study of 45 autopsy subjects in which there were pulmonary emboli shows a 31 percent incidence of pulmonary artery branches of 3 mm in diameter or less, but emboli in larger arteries may show frequent extensions into their smaller distal branches without producing infarct. Pulmonary infarction also occurs more commonly in patients dying of cardiovascular or malignant diseases than it does in those dying of other diseases, and the combination of shock and congestive left heart failure appears to be the most significant hemodynamic risk factor in the development of pulmonary infarction. However, the increased risk of pulmonary infarction in patients with malignancy may not be accounted for by the existence of these two hemodynamic risk factors alone.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of pulmonary infarction. 646 58

In a prospective, double-blind, randomized study of cytologic changes found in pulmonary infarction, nine roentgenologically proven cases of pulmonary embolism were studied with sputum samples from the 1st to 26th postinfarction days. Maximum atypical cytologic changes were seen during the second and third postinfarction weeks. Specific cytologic features included three-dimensional clusters of glandular cells with enlarged nuclei and macronucleoli: they were malignant-appearing cells except for their inconsistent morphology, fewer numbers, transient appearance and lack of solitary atypical cells. A similar study in a canine model is discussed, and a case of pulmonary embolism with abnormal cytology and corresponding histology is presented.
 ...
PMID:Exfoliative sputum cytology in pulmonary embolism. 657 46

Indications for hemodynamic monitoring include the need to assess left ventricular function, to estimate patient prognosis, to monitor cardiac performance, to study the cardiac response to drugs, to evaluate new methods of treatment, and to diagnose and treat cardiac dysrhythmias. Diagnoses which may be made or clinically facilitated include cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, right ventricular infarction, ruptured ventricular septum, mitral regurgitation, low cardiac output syndrome, cardiac tamponade, and pulmonary embolism. Potential complications of hemodynamic monitoring include dysrhythmias, balloon rupture, knotting of the catheter, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary artery rupture, infection, and deep vein thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Current status of hemodynamic monitoring: indication, diagnoses, complications. 678 4

Pulmonary emboli (PE) were found in 18.5% of all consecutive autopsies at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague. In 11% of autopsies PE was the sole or major contributing cause of death; in 3.4% death occurred in patients who were expected to recover from the original illness. Pulmonary infarct was found in 42.6% of the patients with PE, multiple embolic phenomena of various ages in 43.7%, and venous thrombosis in 55.4% of cases with PE. The frequency of false negative and false positive clinical diagnosis of PE was 66.9% and 41.9%, respectively. PE went undetected in 57.1% of cases where it was directly responsible for death, and in 54.3% of patients with otherwise good long-term prognosis. The main factors responsible for incorrect diagnosis are the time interval from the onset of symptoms, missed clinical diagnosis of venous thrombosis, lack of laboratory examinations or their incorrect interpretation.
 ...
PMID:Clinico--pathologic correlations in pulmonary thromboembolism. 742 80

The history and physical examination were assessed in 215 patients with acute pulmonary embolism uncomplicated by preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. The patients had been included in the Urokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial or the Urokinase-Streptokinase Embolism Trial. Presenting syndromes were (1) circulatory collapse with shock (10 percent) or syncope (9 percent); (2) pulmonary infarction with hemoptysis (25 percent) or pleuritic pain and no hemoptysis (41 percent); (3) uncomplicated embolism characterized by dyspnea (12 percent) or nonpleuritic pain usually with tachypnea (3 percent) or deep venous thrombosis with tachypnea (0.5 percent). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (84 percent), pleuritic pain (74 percent), apprehension (63 percent) and cough (50 percent). Hemoptysis occurred in only 28 percent. Dyspnea, hemoptysis or pleuritic pain occurred separately or in combination in 94 percent. All three occurred in only 22 percent. The most frequent signs were tachypnea (respiration ate 20/min or more) (85 percent), tachycardia (heart rate 100 beats/min or more) (58 percent), accentuated pulmonary component of the second heart sound (57 percent) and rales (56 percent). Signs of deep venous thrombosis were present in only 41 percent and a pleural friction rub was present in only 18 percent. Either dyspnea or tachypnea occurred in 96 percent. Dyspnea, tachypnea or deep venous thrombosis occurred in 99 percent. As a group, the identified clinical manifestations, although nonspecific, are strongly suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism. Conversely, acute pulmonary embolism was rarely identified in the absence of dyspnea, tachypnea or deep venous thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:History and physical examination in acute pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. 746 69

The incidence of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism after lung or heart-lung transplantation has not been well defined. Pulmonary embolism may be of particular concern in the postoperative period owing to an inadequately developed or absent collateral bronchial circulation and potential risk of pulmonary infarction. Fourteen (12.1%) of 116 patients undergoing either lung (n = 87) or heart-lung (n = 29) transplantation developed thromboembolic complications 10 days to 36 months after operation. Deep vein thrombosis developed in nine patients, including three with upper body thrombosis related to indwelling central venous catheters. Seven patients (6%) had pulmonary embolism, and three of them died. Resolution of pulmonary embolism was successfully accomplished by selective pulmonary artery infusion of urokinase in three patients without complications. Our experience indicates that deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are significant problems after lung transplantation. Mortality is high in those patients in whom pulmonary embolism develops. Therefore, a comprehensive prevention protocol is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after lung transplantation. 763 73

Pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients is common, but cavitary lung disease is less common and is usually associated with a fungal or mycobacterial infection. Pulmonary embolism is a noninfectious cause of a cavitary pulmonary process. Pulmonary embolism causes infarction in fewer than 15% of cases, and only about 5% of infarctions cavitate. Herein we describe two cases of cavitary infarcts in immunocompromised patients and review the clinical aspects of pulmonary infarcts and cavitation. Cavitary pulmonary infarction has been reported only rarely in immunocompromised patients. It is a dangerous but treatable pulmonary disease that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of immuno-compromised patients with lung disease.
 ...
PMID:Cavitary pulmonary infarct in immunocompromised hosts. 780 55

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is still underdiagnosed even in hospitalized patients. In our recent experience, out of 92 postmortem cases of massive or submassive PE, only 28% were diagnosed before death, whereas the false-positives accounted only for 3% of cases. Similar conclusions have been drawn from large-scale autopsy studies performed in Norway and in the United States. The most important causes of an incorrect diagnosis are failure to suspect PE, and the protean nature of the disease. Remarkable differences actually exist concerning the point of origin and the final localization, as well as the size and age of thromboemboli, the presence or absence of pulmonary infarction, and the underlying pathology. Often a fatal embolus is relatively small but hardly tolerated because of the underlying cardiopulmonary situation. Attention should be called to the frequent autopsy finding of multiple PEs and pulmonary infarctions of apparently different age. This finding is important since it indicates that these patients suffered successive embolizations and the eventual death might have been prevented if an early diagnosis had been made.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of pulmonary embolism. Clinicopathologic correlations. 781 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>