Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of several coagulation factors. It is an established protective factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the effect on venous thrombosis is unknown. In a large population-based case-control study, we evaluated the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of venous thrombosis. The MEGA study included consecutive patients with a first venous thrombosis between March 1999 and September 2004 from six anticoagulation clinics in the Netherlands. Partners of patients were asked to participate, and additional controls were recruited using a random digit dialling method. All participants completed a standardized questionnaire, and blood samples were collected. A total of 4,423 patients and 5,235 controls were included in the analyses. Alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of venous thrombosis, with 2-4 glasses per day resulting in the largest beneficial effect (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI95] 0.58-0.77) compared to abstainers. The effect was more pronounced in women (OR 0.66, CI95 0.53-0.84) than men (OR 0.82, CI95 0.63-1.07) and also more striking for pulmonary embolism (OR 0.56, CI95 0.46-0.70) than for deep venous thrombosis of the leg (OR 0.74, CI95 0.63-0.88). Compared to abstainers, fibrinogen levels were decreased in individuals who consumed alcohol (maximum decrease: 0.30 g/l). Factor VII and von Willebrand levels were mildly decreased in these individuals but not consistently over the categories of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of venous thrombosis, which may be in part mediated by decreased fibrinogen levels.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of venous thrombosis. 1821 35

The aim of the study was to report our clinical experience with the surgical treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries. The study is a retrospective review of 101 consecutive patients (52 males, 49 females, mean age 66.2 years, range 33-86), with iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries, surgically treated in a vascular unit from October 1990 to June 2006. Duplex ultrasound scanning was employed to support the clinical findings. The surgical treatment consisted in direct closure with polypropylene sutures and, occasionally, patch angioplasty or bypass. Ultrasound compression was effective in one of 4 small aneurysms (< 2.5). No limb loss occurred. There were 4 wound complications (3.9%), one pulmonary embolism (0.99%), and 3 deaths (2.9%), 2 of which not related to vascular repair and one secondary to femoral endoarteritis and septic shock, unrelated to previous implantation of a percutaneous femoral closure device. Although iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries are rarely observed in clinical practice, a significant number of peripheral artery complications may occur after cardiac catheterisation and coronary angioplasty. Failure of conservative treatment requires a traditional surgical repair. The results of our series included a significant mortality rate (2.9%), resulting from the severity of cardiac disease in 2 cases and from the vascular repair itself in one case (femoral endoarteritis). These results substantiate the common observation that patients who require surgery for an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm are often affected by advanced cardiovascular disease and are liable to suffer the occurrence of complications, with a high risk of death. Therefore, any surgical treatment should be performed with strict adherence to sound vascular surgical principles.
 ...
PMID:[Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the peripheral arteries]. 1838 53

Pulmonary resection for locally advanced NSCLC after induction chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can generally be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Data from several phase II and a few randomized trials showed that patients should be carefully selected for surgery especially with respect to their age, performance status, and pulmonary and cardiovascular function tests. The presence of cardiovascular disease should be actively investigated and preexisting arrhythmias appropriately managed. Similarly, respiratory status should be evaluated and any reversible condition, such bronchial obstruction, infection, pulmonary embolism, and smoking, should be addressed. Surgical resection is technically more demanding; intraoperative blood loss should be minimized. Several studies demonstrated that pneumonectomy especially on the right side is associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality especially in patients after induction chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, pneumonectomy should be performed very selectively and only when alternative procedures such as bronchial or vascular sleeve resection or both are technically not possible. Long-term follow-up reports of bimodality protocols without surgery versus bimodality followed by surgical resection are awaited. These results will heln to define standards of care and the role of surgery for patients with NSCLC stage III disease. Future decision-making will have to take into account treatment morbidity and mortality and parameters of organ-sparing surgery following induction. probably best represented by rates of pneumonectomy or rates of lobectomy in different patient groups.
 ...
PMID:Risks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. 1840 3

Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that use of combined oral contraception is associated with a increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke). The risk of cardiovascular disease is strongly related to estrogen dose, progestogen type and other factors for example thrombogenic mutations and cigarette smoking among female over age 35. The progestogen only contraception is safe alternative to combined hormonal contraception. Progestogen only pill (POP) has different levels of action (local and/or central) which may vary from one drug to another. As for the cardiovascular disease risk, progestogens are not considered to be risk factors. Desogestrel containing POP is advised in the following cases: bad tolerance of exogenous oestrogens; in order to counteract an endogenous hyperoestrogenosis; medical, metabolic or cardiovascular contraindications to estroprogestogen contraception. Lastly, POP should be used as a prime contraception in some particular situations (breast feeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, cigarette smoking, contraception for older women). These recommendations present the actual system of care in that population of women in Poland.
 ...
PMID:[The statement of Polish Gynecological Society experts on oral use of contraceptive 75 microg desogestrel minipill in different clinical cases--state of art in 2008]. 1932 63

Associations between combined estrogen/progestin oral contraceptives (OCs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have long been the focus of considerable concern. Initial, epidemiologic studies demonstrated increased risks of potential complications including deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke. While the studies regarding venous thromboembolism consistently demonstrate at least some degree of risk associated with OC use, recent studies of both current and past OC users indicate that the association with arterial disease is dynamic, changing rapidly as OC formulations and OC-user populations change. As physicians increase selection, screening and monitoring of OC users, a healthier OC-user population is developing. Thus, many newer studies are demonstrating rates of angina and myocardial infarction that are either lower or the same as that of non-users, unless pre-existing risk factors are present leading to potential increases in risk of CVD. The evidence with regards to strokes is more complicated and controversial. While further study is necessary, current evidence suggests that OC use provides significant contraceptive benefits with minimal potential adverse effects in healthy users. The potential for CVD reduction in selected OC users merits the highest priority for further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: emerging evidence on potential associations with angina, myocardial infarction and stroke. 1980 54

Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cardiovascular disease. For prevention of pulmonary embolism, vena caval filters are extensively used in the United States. Of the reported complications of vena caval filters, strut fracture of the filter is the least common. We present a rare case of pericardial tamponade from fractured filter strut/leg embolization. We also discuss a possible hypothesis for the filter fracture along with its complications.
 ...
PMID:A needle through the heart: rare complication of inferior vena caval filters. 1990 24

Venous thromboembolism is the most preventable illness among patients in hospital. We prepared guidelines for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, based on previous experience of perioperative risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these guidelines. All 1,467 patients who underwent surgery for thoracic or cardiovascular disease between April 2002 and July 2004, before the prophylactic guidelines were implemented, were assigned to group A. Another 1,389 patients who had surgery between August 2004 and December 2006, after the guidelines had been implemented, formed group B. The incidences of venous thromboembolism perioperatively in the 2 groups were compared. Six (0.4%) patients in group A developed deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, whereas no patient in group B experienced thromboembolism. The difference between groups was significant, so we consider our guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention in the perioperative period to be clinically useful.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of venous thromboembolism in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 1991 94

Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been linked to a variety of different cardiovascular side effects. In case reports, acute myocardial infarction is the most common event presented, but other adverse cardiovascular effects such as left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced left ventricular function, arterial thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and several cases of sudden cardiac death have also been reported. However, to date there are no prospective, randomized, interventional studies on the long-term cardiovascular effects of abuse of AAS. In this review we have studied the relevant literature regarding several risk factors for cardiovascular disease where the effects of AAS have been scrutinized:(1) Echocardiographic studies show that supraphysiologic doses of AAS lead to both morphologic and functional changes of the heart. These include a tendency to produce myocardial hypertrophy (Fig. 3), a possible increase of heart chamber diameters, unequivocal alterations of diastolic function and ventricular relaxation, and most likely a subclinically compromised left ventricular contractile function. (2) AAS induce a mild, but transient increase of blood pressure. However, the clinical significance of this effect remains modest. (3) Furthermore, AAS confer an enhanced pro-thrombotic state, most prominently through an activation of platelet aggregability. The concomitant effects on the humoral coagulation cascade are more complex and include activation of both pro-coagulatory and fibrinolytic pathways. (4) Users of AAS often demonstrate unfavorable measurements of vascular reactivity involving endothelial-dependent or endothelial-independent vasodilatation. A degree of reversibility seems to be consistent, though. (5) There is a comprehensive body of evidence documenting that AAS induce various alterations of lipid metabolism. The most prominent changes are concomitant elevations of LDL and decreases of HDL, effects that increase the risk of coronary artery disease. And finally, (6) the use of AAS appears to confer an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmia leading to sudden death, although the underlying mechanisms are still far from being elucidated. Taken together, various lines of evidence involving a variety of pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in users of anabolic androgenic steroids.
 ...
PMID:Androgenic anabolic steroid abuse and the cardiovascular system. 2002 Mar 75

Acute coronary syndrome most commonly begins with atherosclerotic plaque rupture and intracoronary thrombus formation. Therefore, the primary goal of treatment for acute coronary syndrome is the achievement of early and complete reperfusion. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is made from typical symptoms, characteristic rises in serum enzyme levels, and changes in the electrocardiographic pattern. Although rapid developments in technology in the field of serum biomarkers have redefined the diagnosis of AMI, the electrocardiogram still remains significant in the diagnosis of AMI. Moreover, the identification of high-risk subgroups based on the admission electrocardiogram is essential to estimate the severity of AMI. Pulmonary embolism is an another thromboembolic disorder leading to mortality worldwide. The relationship between deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has been emphasized. The early detection of free-floating deep venous thrombosis by venous ultrasonography of the lower extremities is critical to prevent pulmonary embolism. For the detection of atherosclerosis, the identification of myocardial necrosis and thrombi by imaging tests is important. This paper reports the clinical usefulness of various noninvasive diagnostic approaches in cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical significance of physiological function testing in cardiovascular disease]. 2007 24

Multislice CT has been widely used in clinical practice for diagnosing cardiovascular disease due to its reduced invasiveness and its high spatial and temporal resolution. As a reliable alternative to conventional pulmonary angiography, multislice CT angiography has been recognized as the first line technique for detecting and diagnosing pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism located in the main pulmonary artery, as well as being located in the segmental branches, can be accurately detected with multislice CT imaging, and especially with the use of 16- and 64-slice CT scanners. Visualization of pulmonary embolisms has traditionally been limited to 2D, multiplanar reformation and the 3D external surface visualizations. In this pictorial review, we present our experience of using 3D virtual intravascular endoscopy to characterize and evaluate the intraluminal appearance of pulmonary embolisms in a group of patients who were suspected of having pulmonary embolism and who were undergoing multislice CT angiography. We expect that the research findings from this study will provide insight into the extent of disease and the luminal changes to the pulmonary arteries that are due to the presence of thrombus, and so monitoring of the progress of disease and predicting the treatment outcome can well be achieved.
 ...
PMID:Multislice CT virtual intravascular endoscopy for assessing pulmonary embolisms: a pictorial review. 2019 Oct 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>