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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have shown that abnormal alveolar macrophages and biological activity resembling the macrophage-derived mediator interleukin-1 (IL-1) can be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rats with monocrotaline-induced lung injury and pulmonary hypertension. To determine if monokines might play a pathogenic role in this model, the present study evaluated the effects of a murine monokine preparation enriched in IL-1 bioactivity on selected events characterizing the early pneumotoxic response to monocrotaline, including pulmonary edema and protein extravasation, pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity, and enhanced lung tissue activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Intravenous injection of the monokine preparation containing 200 units/kg IL-1 (quantified by lymphocyte activating factor assay) into intact rats produced pulmonary edema within 3 hr manifested by increases in the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and in the extent of pulmonary albumin extravasation. The edema had resolved within 24 hr of monokine administration as indicated by a return to control levels of the wet-to-dry weight ratio and albumin extravasation index. The monokine preparation also increased the transfer of albumin across monolayers of cultured porcine pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. While salt solution-perfused rat lungs isolated from animals treated 3 hr previously with the monokine preparation were hyporesponsive to angiotensin II, preparations derived from animals treated 24 hr previously were markedly hyperresponsive to the vasoconstrictor actions of the peptide. Pressor responses to potassium chloride and prostaglandin F2a were unaffected by exposure to the monokine preparation. Lung ODC activity in monokine-exposed animals did not differ from control at 3, 6, or 24 hr after treatment. In contrast, a 24-hr exposure of cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells to the monokine preparation increased ODC activity approximately 100-fold. These observations indicate that a monokine preparation containing IL-1 bioactivity causes transient pulmonary edema and pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity and increases ODC activity in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Because the monokine preparation mimics certain aspects of monocrotaline-induced pneumotoxicity in the rat, it is reasonable to postulate that monokines could play a pathogenic role in this and similar animal models of lung injury and pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:Monokine-induced lung injury in rats: similarities to monocrotaline-induced pneumotoxicity. 249 79

The diamine, putrescine, and polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are low molecular weight organic cations with documented regulatory roles in cell growth and differentiation. Multiple lines of direct and indirect evidence suggest that these organic cations also may function in stimulus-response coupling processes regulating cellular injury and repair. For example, recent studies in monocrotaline-treated rats, hyperoxic rats, and in cultured pulmonary endothelial cells suggest that polyamines regulate pulmonary endothelial integrity and may thus participate in development and/or regression of acute edematous lung injury. To determine if the polyamines are involved in a well-characterized animal model of acute lung injury, the present experiments assessed the relation between changes in polyamine synthesis and development of edema in lungs from rats treated with alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU). ANTU caused dose- and time-dependent increases in the lung activity of the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and in the lung contents of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. ANTU also caused dose- and time-dependent increases in the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio indicative of pulmonary edema formation. Changes in lung polyamine biosyntheic activity after ANTU did not relate temporally to changes in the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio: ODC activity was depressed during the 3-h period immediately following ANTU administration, a period when the wet-to-dry weight ratio was increasing, and markedly elevated at 18 h after ANTU administration when the wet-to-dry weight ratio had returned to control levels. Pretreatment of the animals with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a highly specific inhibitor of ODC, failed to attenuate ANTU-induced increases in lung wet-to-dry weight ratio. These observations indicate polyamine synthesis is enhanced in rat lungs with ANTU-induced pulmonary edema but, unlike certain other models of lung injury and pulmonary edema, accumulation of polyamines probably is not essential for development of edematous lung injury. It is conceivable that in this animal model polyamines play a role in lung repair processes or some longer-term consequence of lung injury.
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PMID:Polyamine synthesis in rat lungs injured with alpha-naphthylthiourea. 249 56