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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following onset of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in 21 patients, increases in hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and colloid osmotic pressure were associated with decreases in plasma volume. Accordingly, there was a loss of hypo-oncotic fluid into the extravascular spaces. Following treatment with oxygen, furosemide, and morphine sulfate and reversal of clinical and radiographic signs of pulmonary edema, declines in hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and colloid osmotic pressure were associated with increases in plasma volume. Hypo-oncotic edema fluid was therefore reabsorbed into the vascular compartment. The concept that acute heeart failure with pulmonary edema is associated with an increase in intravascular volume is therefore not supported. To the contrary, there is a reduction of blood volume during acute pulmonary edema. During reversal of acute pulmonary edema with diuresis, there was re-expansion rather than contraction of blood volume.
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PMID:Blood volume prior to and following treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 61 25

Management of major blood loss utilizing protein-free fluids for volume replacement frequently results in plasma protein depletion and plasma volume expansion. These factors can increase pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration which may lead to life-threatening pulmonary edema. We studied the combined effects of plasma protein depletion and plasma volume expansion on lung lymph flow (QL) in awake sheep prepared with chronic lung lymph fistulae. Animals were first chronically protein-depleted by batch plasmapheresis and then infused for 2 hr with either lactated Ringer's (Hypo/LR; n = 7) or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Hespan) (Hypo/HES; n = 6). Control normoproteinemic animals (Norm/LR; n = 13) only received lactated Ringer's. Hypoproteinemia alone resulted in an average 2-fold increase in QL over normoproteinemic baseline levels (P less than or equal to 0.05). Infusion of LR into hypoproteinemic animals caused a 7.9-fold increase in QL (P less than or equal to 0.05). By comparison, HES infusion under similar hypoproteinemic conditions limited the increase in QL to 3.2-fold over baseline. We attributed this reduced rise in QL to Hespan's high oncotic pressure, which dramatically widened (by 4-5 mm Hg) the pulmonary-to-lymph oncotic pressure gradient. We did not observe this with LR infusion, or in previous studies employing intravenous infusion of plasma protein. Thus, the oncotic pressure of Hespan appears to significantly limit pulmonary fluid filtration during hypoproteinemia compared to LR. We do not believe that these effects are the results of any changes in microvascular porosity.
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PMID:Pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration response to hypoproteinemia and Hespan infusion. 169 7

We report the simultaneous deaths of two individuals by inhalation of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), produced either by the putrefaction of a large quantity of sweet corn or by heavy oil that flowed out of the fuel tank of a large stranded cargo vessel. Ten workers went into a water ballast tank of the vessel to remove remaining heavy oil and suddenly felt unwell. Two of the ten workers (patient A, a male in his early thirties, and patient B, a male in his early sixties) died. Autopsies of the two patients revealed a partial green discoloration of the skin and pulmonary edema. Toxicological analysis revealed high levels of thiosulfate in the blood (0.089 mmol/L in patient A and 0.142 mmol/L in patient B). From these findings, we concluded that the cause of death in both patients was H(2)S poisoning. In addition, the autopsy of patient A revealed petechiae of the palpebral conjunctiva and the mucous membrane of the mouth and erosion of the respiratory tract. The autopsy of patient B failed to reveal these observations. We presumed that patient B may have been exposed to higher H(2)S levels, and that the circulation and respiration of patient B may have arrested faster than patient A. Thiosulfate levels in the blood may reflect the levels of H(2)S exposure. This case suggests that the pathological and toxicological findings of H(2)S poisoning vary from case to case.
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PMID:Two fatalities by hydrogen sulfide poisoning: variation of pathological and toxicological findings. 1826 57

There are many important respiratory manifestations of endocrine and metabolic diseases in children. Acute and chronic pulmonary infections are the most common respiratory abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus, although cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema are also possible. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 may be indistinguishable from cystic fibrosis (CF) unless serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, and urinary electrolytes are measured and mutation analysis rules out CF. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism may alter lung function and affect the central respiratory drive. The thyroid hormone plays an essential role in lung development, surfactant synthesis, and lung defence. Complications of hypoparathyroidism are largely due to hypocalcaemia. Laryngospasm can lead to stridor and airway obstruction. Ovarian tumours, benign or malignant, may present with unilateral or bilateral pleural effusions. Metabolic storage disorders, primarily as a consequence of lysosomal dysfunction from enzymatic deficiencies, constitute a diverse group of rare conditions that can have profound effects on the respiratory system.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications of endocrine and metabolic disorders. 2220 90