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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The experiments on white rats have confirmed that the development of lung edema following pituitrin infusion is characterized by considerable changes in phospholipid and cholesterol lung metabolism and cholesterol blood metabolism. Lithium hydroxybutyrate preinjection at a dose of 400 mg/kg prevented a decrease in cholesterol lung content and an increase in cholesterol blood plasma level which was accompanied by less prominent lung edema.
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PMID:[Effect of lithium oxybutyrate on lipid metabolic changes in pituitrin-induced pulmonary edema]. 245 May 99

Lithium battery technology has important military applications and will increasingly enter the civilian marketplace. In order to prevent explosive fragmentation under some circumstances of malfunction or misuse, lithium batteries are designed to vent externally in the event of malfunction. Depending on the chemistry and size of a venting lithium battery, the release of toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide or thionyl chloride may pose risks to exposed individuals, particularly in enclosed spaces. Chemical and thermal burns, laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, and bronchiolitis obliterans are potential outcomes. A case report is presented which illustrates the hazards. The hazards are not from unpredictable outcomes, but from failure to plan for predictable outcomes.
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PMID:Lithium battery hazard: old-fashioned planning implications of new technology. 337 84

Experiments on rats have shown that intravenous injection of adrenaline in a dose of 0.3-0.4 mg/kg causes cardiac arrhythmia. In this case the primary arrhythmia developing immediately after adrenaline injection is followed by the recovery of sinusal rhythm which was replaced by the secondary arrhythmia. Apart from arrhythmias, there developed pulmonary edema. The animals died 2--3 minutes after adrenaline injections. Lithium chloride and lithium hydroxybutyrate removed the secondary arrhythmia and pulmonary edema. Lithium hydroxybutyrate has proved to be more effective.
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PMID:[Effect of lithium preparations on the toxic effects of adrenaline]. 626 23

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare and life threatening complication of treatment with Neuroleptic medication. Phenothiazine and butyrophenones are most frequently implicated in this syndrome even though there are case reports with other drugs. In this paper we describe the classical presentation of this syndrome in eight cases who had been on either a butyrophenone, a phenothiazine or a combination of these drugs. In addition some of our patients were also on either Lithium and/or Amitrytiline for control of depressive symptoms. Fever, muscule rigidity and elevated CPK are the important criteria for diagnosis and they were noted in all our patients. In addition four of our patients fulfilled five of the six minor criteria laid down by Levenson. Both Sinemet and Bromocriptine were found to be effective in the treatment of seven of the eight cases. However treatment with Dantroline sodium was associated with severe muscle wasting in one of our cases and the drug had to be discontinued. Two of our patients developed suspected myoglobinuria with dark coloured urine and progressive renal failure. One patient died after development of renal failure, pulmonary edema and hyperkalemia as a consequence of this disorders.
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PMID:Management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome--a series of eight cases. 800 46

The efficiency of HMEs decreases with increasing tidal volumes. HMEs always result in an elevation of the inspiratory and expiratory airway resistances; this should be considered especially in cases that involve spontaneous respiration. The pressure drop across HMEs should be less than 2 hPa for a flow of 60 L/min, a level that also has been measured for cascade humidifiers.HMEs with a hygroscopic coating of CaCl2 should be given preference over LiCl-coated ones, especially because products of the same efficiency are available with CaCl2 coating. Lithium is a potentially toxic substance that can be taken up by way of bronchopulmonary resorption after accidental washing out [37]. Therefore, a possible safety hazard cannot be eliminated, especially in neonates and babies. Not least for these reasons HMEs must never be combined with active humidification systems or medication nebulizers. Even if the reduction in functional efficiency of the HME that is caused by washing off of the coating of hygroscopic substances is disregarded, the presence of medication aerosols in the HME, in particular, can result in a dangerous increase in resistance to gas flow. The internal volumes of HMEs should be as small as possible so that they do not increase the effective deadspace too much. A combination of HMEsand catheter mounts results in a further increase in the deadspace, and there-fore, must be considered critically, especially in cases that involve spontaneous respiration. If a catheter mount is necessary to add flexibility to the breathing system, the HME preferably should be connected directly onto the tracheal tube with the catheter mount behind it; otherwise, the humidification efficiency of the HME will be reduced by condensation in the catheter mount. Children should be ventilated with special HMEs that have a small internal volume. Caution is required in patients who have elevated sputum production, pulmonary trauma with bleeding, pulmonary edema, or a similar condition;in such patients a partial obstruction of the HME with a resulting elevation of the airway resistances might occur. In patients who have very viscous secretions (eg, as a result of a primary pulmonary disease or long-term dehydration therapy), heated humidifiers with a set temperature of greater than 370 degrees C should be given preference. Several recent investigations showed that not every device that is designated as an HME is appropriate for conditioning respiratory gases (ie, it effectively humidifies the inspiratory air). Most of the products that are available on the market are, at best, adequate for anesthetic ventilation or short-term postoperative follow-up ventilation. Generally, this is true of all HMEs that have not been coated with hygroscopic substances. CoatedHMEs have a much better humidification efficiency; however, here too, the existence of substantial differences in quality among the products prohibits an uncritical application.
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PMID:Devices used to humidify respired gases. 1682 89

Lithium carbonate is a widely administered antimanic drug used for the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and depression. Despite the established clinical efficacy of lithium, its usage must be approached with caution due to its narrow therapeutic index. Lithium poisoning results in multisystem toxicity, and characteristic clinical manifestations are directly correlated to serum lithium concentration. We describe a rather rare but fatal side effect of lithium: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a 46-year-old female on lithium for the treatment of bipolar disease. She was referred for generalized weakness, found in hemodynamic compromise, and had laboratory data significant for a lithium level of 3.3 mmole/L, needing emergent hemodialysis. Subsequently, she developed hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation. Her chest x-rays showed new bilateral pulmonary edema, the computed tomography scan showed extensive alveolar consolidation and V/Q scan of low probability for pulmonary embolism. She underwent 3 dialysis sessions and supportive care and was able to be extubated in 5 days. To our knowledge, 4 cases of ARDS after the onset of lithium toxicity have been documented. All patients presented with altered mental status at serum lithium levels ranging from 3.8 to 4.9 mmole/L and cardiogenic etiologies in addition to other likely causes of ARDS were ruled out in each case. The patients were treated with saline hydration (50%) or hemodialysis (50%), indicating that hemodialysis may be a permissive factor in lithium-associated ARDS development rather than a required component. Taken together, we believe that lithium is a likely culprit in the initiation of ARDS and propose the addition of ARDS to the family of clinical manifestations of severe lithium toxicity.
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PMID:A rare case of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to acute lithium intoxication. 2173 31