Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the serotonin receptor blocker, ketanserin, were studied in a porcine Pseudomonas adult respiratory distress syndrome model. Swine, weighing 14-30 kg, were anesthetized and ventilated with 0.5 FiO2 and 5 cm H2O positive end expiratory pressure. Three groups were studied: saline control (C, n = 9), continuous intravenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.0 X 10(8)CFU/kg/min (Ps, n = 8), and Pseudomonas and intravenous ketanserin, 0.2 mg/kg, given at 20 and 120 min after the onset of the Pseudomonas infusion (KET, n = 5). Pulmonary arterial (PAP) and systemic arterial (SAP) pressures, cardiac index (CI), thermal Cardio-Green extravascular lung water (EVLW), pulmonary albumin flux (slope index, SI), arterial blood gases, and whole blood serotonin levels were measured and pulmonary shunt and pulmonary (PVRI) and systemic (SVRI) vascular resistance indices were calculated. At 3 hr the Ps group demonstrated significant (P less than 0.05) increases in PAP (34 +/- 1 vs C 13 +/- 2 mm Hg), EVLW (14.4 +/- 2.2 vs C 4.3 +/- 1.2 ml/kg), SI (2.05 +/- 0.23 X 10(-3) vs C 0.38 +/- 0.09 X 10(-3) U/min), pulmonary shunt (67 +/- 15% vs C 9 +/- 3%), PVRI (1599 +/- 89 vs C 184 +/- 14 dyn X sec X cm-5/m2), and SVRI (4542 +/- 774 vs C 2087 +/- 129 dyn X sec X cm-5/m2) and decreases in CI (0.9 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 vs C 2.8 +/- 0.2 L/min/m2), PaO2 (93 +/- 17 Torr vs C 203 +/- 15 Torr) and arterial blood serotonin concentration (23.5 +/- 13% decrease from basal). Treatment with ketanserin was associated with maintenance of PaO2 (KET 207 +/- 5 mm Hg vs C 203 +/- 15 mm Hg), pulmonary shunt (KET 8 +/- 3% vs C 9 +/- 3%), and CI (KET 2.3 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 vs C 2.8 +/- 0.2 L/min/m2) at control levels and attenuated the Pseudomonas-induced increase in PVRI (873 +/- 37 vs Ps 1599 +/- 89 dyn X sec X cm-5/m2) and SVRI (2089 +/- 287 vs Ps 4542 +/- 774 dyn X sec X cm-5/m2), but did not alter the development of pulmonary edema. These data indicate that serotonin plays a role in the development of the V/Q mismatch and arterial hypoxemia observed in this model by a mechanism independent of changes in microvascular injury and permeability and was probably a result of reduced peripheral bronchiolar constriction.
 ...
PMID:Serotonin receptor blockade improves cardiac output and hypoxia in porcine ARDS. 362 34

A canine lung-perfusion preparation was used to evaluate the role of serotonin receptor subtype in the development of serotonin-induced pulmonary edema. Ketanserin, an S2-receptor antagonist, blocked an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by serotonin, but not the development of pulmonary edema. Methysergide, an S1- and S2-receptor antagonist, prevented the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and edema formation caused by serotonin. These results suggest that the S1-receptor may participate in the development of pulmonary edema.
 ...
PMID:S1-receptor participation in serotonin-induced pulmonary edema in the dog. 368 18

This article highlights studies in three major domains of potential mechanisms of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP): cardiac, respiratory, and autonomic. Ictal cardiac arrest is a clinically rare but well-recognized potential mechanism of SUDEP. Studies have failed to identify preexisting cardiac electrophysiologic or structural abnormalities that distinguish SUDEP persons. Some degree of pulmonary congestion is a common autopsy finding, but severe pulmonary edema occurs very rarely with seizures. In contrast, periictal apnea and hypoxia occur commonly with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and, to a lesser degree, with complex partial seizures. There are several animal models of postictal respiratory arrest. Postictal respiratory arrest in audiogenic seizure mice can be induced by serotonin receptor inhibition or prevented by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs. Reduced heart rate variability occurs in patients with refractory epilepsy and can be induced in animal seizure models, but its precise role in predisposing persons to sudden death requires further investigation.
 ...
PMID:What is known about the mechanisms underlying SUDEP? 1908 23