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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the widespread use and the assumed safety of Omnipaque (iohexol) and 3% Gastrografin (meglumine diatrizoate) as contrast media for esophagography and computed tomography respectively, their effects on the lung if they are aspirated have never been studied. This information is important because such compounds may inadvertently enter the lungs during the diagnostic procedures. Twenty-four rats were injected intratracheally with 0.15 mL of one of three contrast agents (omnipaque, full-strength Gastrografin and 3% Gastrografin) or normal saline, which was used as a control. Radiographs were then obtained. Equal numbers from each experimental group were sacrificed after 5 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours, and their lungs were examined pathologically. The rats injected with full-strength Gastrografin all died immediately of gross pulmonary edema. Neither Omnipaque nor 3% Gastrografin was fatal, but Omnipaque produced more edema and alveolar hemorrhage than either normal saline or 3% Gastrografin. Iohexol is, therefore, more irritating to the airways and the lung parenchyma than previously believed.
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PMID:Direct effects of contrast media on rat lungs. 188 57

High intravenous doses of diatrizoate are known to induce pulmonary edema in the rat. The newer generation of contrast media--nonionics and monovalent dimers--are considered less toxic than diatrizoate. In this study we evaluated the degree of pulmonary edema induced by a high dose (6 g I/kg) of these new agents and found that Ioxaglate produced higher lung weights than Renografin 60 and Iopamidol. Iohexol and Amipaque did not induce a significant degree of edema. The model used in this study demonstrates distinct differences in pulmonary toxicity among these new agents, when given in doses exceedingly higher than given in clinical practice.
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PMID:Contrast media induced pulmonary edema. Comparison of ionic and nonionic agents in an animal model. 651 Dec 65