Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung involvement in malaria has been recognized for more than 200 hundred years, yet our knowledge of its pathogenesis and management is limited. Pulmonary edema is the most severe form of lung involvement. Increased alveolar capillary permeability leading to intravascular fluid loss into the lungs is the main pathophysiologic mechanism. This defines malaria as another cause of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Pulmonary edema has been described most often in non-immune individuals with Plasmodium falciparum infections as part of a severe systemic illness or as the main feature of acute malaria. P.vivax and P.ovale have also rarely caused pulmonary edema.Clinically, patients usually present with acute breathlessness that can rapidly progress to respiratory failure either at disease presentation or, interestingly, after treatment when clinical improvement is taking place and the parasitemia is falling. Pregnant women are particularly prone to developing pulmonary edema. Optimal management of malaria-induced ALI/ARDS includes early recognition and diagnosis. Malaria must always be suspected in a returning traveler or a visitor from a malaria-endemic country with an acute febrile illness. Slide microscopy and/or the use of rapid antigen tests are standard diagnostic tools. Malaria must be treated with effective drugs, but current choices are few: e.g. parenteral artemisinins, intravenous quinine or quinidine (in the US only). A recent trial in adults has shown that intravenous artesunate reduces severe malaria mortality by a third compared with adults treated with intravenous quinine. Respiratory compromise should be managed on its merits and may require mechanical ventilation.Patients should be managed in an intensive care unit and particular attention should be paid to the energetic management of other severe malaria complications, notably coma and acute renal failure. ALI/ARDS may also be related to a coincidental bacterial sepsis that may not be clinically obvious. Clinicians should employ a low threshold for starting broad spectrum antibacterials in such patients, after taking pertinent microbiologic specimens. Despite optimal management, the prognosis of severe malaria with ARDS is poor.ALI/ARDS in pediatric malaria appears to be rare. However, falciparum malaria with severe metabolic acidosis or acute pulmonary edema may present with a clinical picture of pneumonia, i.e. with tachypnea, intercostal recession, wheeze or inspiratory crepitations. This results in diagnostic confusion and suboptimal treatment. Whilst this is increasingly being recognized in malaria-endemic countries, clinicians in temperate zones should be aware that malaria may be a possible cause of 'pneumonia' in a visiting or returning child.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary manifestations of malaria : recognition and management. 1715 71

Pulmonary edema is a recognized complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria but is uncommon with Plasmodium vivax infection. We report the case of a non-immune adult with imported P. vivax malaria who developed pulmonary edema during treatment. The case was further complicated by a recurrent malaria episode after failure of acute quinine and doxycycline treatment followed by terminal primaquine therapy. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of pulmonary edema is needed for optimal outcomes of P. vivax infection, as well as awareness of the potential failure of terminal therapy for liver hypnozoites.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary edema due to Plasmodium vivax malaria in an American missionary. 1772 40

We report on the occurrence of pulmonary oedema due to acute myocarditis in an adolescent girl, from the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, with Plasmodium vivax infection after parasite clearance. Apart from pancytopenia, there were no other features of severe malaria. With the emergence of literature about the complications encountered in P. vivax, especially from this region, a high index of suspicion for unusual cardiovascular manifestations is necessary in cases with acute malaria.
 ...
PMID:Acute myocarditis in vivax malaria: an extremely rare complication. 2384 93

Malaria is the most important parasitic diseases of humans and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. Earlier Plasmodium vivax was considered as a benign infection, but now it is recognized as a cause of severe malarial disease. It causes severe malarial disease similar to those as Plasmodium falciparum including cerebral malaria, severe anaemia, severe thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute renal failure, and pulmonary oedema. Malarial retinopathy includes retinal whitening, vessel changes, retinal hemorrhages and papilledema. However, retinal hemorrhages are very rare in Plasmodium vivax infestation. Hereby, we report a case of 30-year-old man, who presented with fever with chills and diminution of vision. He was found to have Plasmodium vivax infection with retinal hemorrhages. He was treated successfully with artisunate, primaquine and doxycycline, completely recovered after one month.
...
PMID:Retinal Hemorrhages in Severe Non-cerebral Plasmodium vivax Malaria in an Adult. 2626 50