Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe or complicated malaria is defined by infestation by Plasmodium falciparum into all red blood cells, especially those in the brain, causing coma and repeated convulsions; severe anemia (6 g/dl hemoglobin, 20% hematocrit); renal insufficiency (265 mcmol/l creatinine, 400 ml/day diuresis); pulmonary edema; hypoglycemia (2.2 ml/l or 0.4 g/l); shock; diffuse hemorrhaging; massive hemoglobinuria; and blood acidosis. Other possible symptoms of severe malaria are clouded thinking, changes in behavior, and inability to focus. It is most common in people with no immunity to malaria (children aged 4 and travelers in endemic zones). Pregnancy, splenectomy, corticotherapy, or poorly maintained immunity status favor severe anemia in adults. Sources of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum have existed since 1960. Resistance has since expanded from Southeast Asia and South America to Africa, posing treatment problems. Malaria usually begins with fever (40 or more degrees Celsius), headaches, muscular pain, digestive troubles (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting), and abdominal pain. In suspected cases of malaria, a blood sample or a thick blood smear as well as treatment (even in the absence of parasitological proof) needs to be done as soon as possible. Intravenous quinine diluted in a 5-10% glucose solution should be delivered at a rate of 24 mg/kg/day. In the case of severe jaundice, the dose should be cut in half beginning 8 hours after treatment began. If intravenous delivery is impossible, intramuscular delivery should be done. Corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and aspirin are contraindicated. In 2-4 days, oral administration (chloroquine, halofantrine, or mefloquine) is warranted. 20% of malaria-related deaths among patients who receive treatment are due to complications of the central nervous system. Protection against mosquito bites prevents malaria. Chemoprophylaxis in endemic zones should be limited to short trips to malaria zones or to pregnant women.
 ...
PMID:[Severe malaria]. 1229 Jan 83

Malaria is the most important parasitic diseases of humans and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. Earlier Plasmodium vivax was considered as a benign infection, but now it is recognized as a cause of severe malarial disease. It causes severe malarial disease similar to those as Plasmodium falciparum including cerebral malaria, severe anaemia, severe thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute renal failure, and pulmonary oedema. Malarial retinopathy includes retinal whitening, vessel changes, retinal hemorrhages and papilledema. However, retinal hemorrhages are very rare in Plasmodium vivax infestation. Hereby, we report a case of 30-year-old man, who presented with fever with chills and diminution of vision. He was found to have Plasmodium vivax infection with retinal hemorrhages. He was treated successfully with artisunate, primaquine and doxycycline, completely recovered after one month.
...
PMID:Retinal Hemorrhages in Severe Non-cerebral Plasmodium vivax Malaria in an Adult. 2626 50