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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recent 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer who underwent resection is significantly higher than that in the previous decade. The main reason for the improved survival rate seems to be due to more accurate staging, however, we cannot detect micrometastases so that distant relapses in many patients occur after operation. In order to control micrometastases, various kinds of surgical adjuvant therapy have been studied. In an attempt to improve resectability rate and survival in patients with locally advanced disease of non-small cell lung cancer, we initiated a pilot study of neoadjuvant (preoperative) therapy. Most of the 31 patients who were entered into the study clinically showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, with or without direct invasion of the primary tumors to mediastinal organs. The response rate of the treatment was 64.5%. Complete resection of the tumor was performed in 14 of 31 (45%) patients and exploratory thoracotomy was done in one patient. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 of those 15 patients who underwent thoracotomy. Three patients suffered from severe complications such as empyema, pulmonary edema or respiratory failure, but recovered eventually. At present, of 15 patients who underwent operation, 9 are alive and free from disease, 2 are alive with relapse and 4 died of relapses. The median survival time was 11.5 and 19 months in non-resected cases and all cases, respectively. Although we cannot draw a conclusion because of the short observation time, we consider that neoadjuvant therapy is worthy of studying.
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PMID:[Surgical adjuvant therapy, especially neoadjuvant therapy of lung cancer]. 216 42

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
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PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66

Current topics for occupational and environmental medicine and physiology in the U.S.A., especially in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the University of California, San Francisco, are reviewed. Reduction of the rate for occupational lung diseases is one of the national objectives for occupational safety and health in the U.S.A., and NIOSH has rated it as the top disease of ten-leading work-related diseases and injuries. Current topics for occupational lung diseases--asbestosis, byssinosis, silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, and occupational asthma & hyperreactivity, and for pathophysiology of airway hyperreactiveness and pulmonary edema are discussed.
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PMID:[Current topics for occupational and environmental medicine and physiology in the U.S.A.--with special reference to occupational lung diseases]. 352 79

4-Ipomeanol (ipomeanol) is being developed as a potential antitumor agent to treat lung cancer. Ipomeanol produced a dose-related toxicity in CD2F1 mice, Fischer 344 rats, and beagle dogs. The LD50 in mice after a single iv dose of ipomeanol was 35 mg/kg in males and 26 mg/kg in females. Minimal cumulative toxicity occurred in mice after seven doses; LD50 was 30 mg/kg/day in males and 21 mg/kg/day in females. In rats, iv doses greater than or equal to 15 mg/kg were lethal. Labored respiration, terminal bronchiolar epithelial necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and alveolar edema were present in rats dosed with ipomeanol at greater than or equal to 9 mg/kg. In addition to pulmonary lesions, splenic and thymic lymphocyte depletion and/or necrosis was present. Ipomeanol had little cumulative toxicity in rats given seven daily doses. In dogs, iv doses greater than 12 mg/kg were lethal. Dogs treated with lethal doses of ipomeanol showed rapid, shallow respiration and pulmonary edema prior to death; diffuse pulmonary congestion or hemorrhage and diffuse renal congestion were present at necropsy. Pulmonary microscopic changes caused by nonlethal doses of ipomeanol included subacute interstitial inflammation and necrosis of respiratory bronchiolar and alveolar duct epithelium. In contrast to rodents, seven daily doses of ipomeanol were cumulatively toxic in dogs. The nonlethal pulmonary effects of ipomeanol were reversible in all three species. Tolerance to lethal doses of ipomeanol occurred in animals of all three species pretreated with multiple nontoxic doses of the drug. The LD50 of ipomeanol in male and female mice increased 2.4- and 4.5-fold, respectively, in tolerant mice. In rats and dogs, previously lethal doses of 48 and 24 mg/kg were nonlethal after tolerance was induced by pretreatment with seven daily doses of ipomeanol.
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PMID:Preclinical toxicology studies of 4-ipomeanol: a novel candidate for clinical evaluation in lung cancer. 369 May 25

Cardiac tachydysrhythmias occurred in 53 (22 percent) of 236 consecutive patients undergoing pneumonectomy. All patients had preoperative electrocardiograms which showed normal sinus rhythm. Patients did not receive digitalis before surgery. Atrial fibrillation was the most common dysrhythmia (64 percent; 34/53), followed by supraventricular tachycardia (23 percent; 12/53) and atrial flutter (13 percent; 7/53). No episodes of ventricular tachycardia were documented. Elevated concentrations of cardiac enzymes were associated with 12 (28 percent) of 43 tachydysrhythmias. Recurrent or persistent dysrhythmias were documented in 29 (55 percent) of 53 patients despite medical management or electrocardioversion (or both). Thirty-one percent (9/29) of these patients subsequently died during their hospitalization. There was no correlation between standard preoperative pulmonary function tests and the incidence of postoperative dysrhythmia. In addition, there was no correlation of dysrhythmia with postoperative diagnoses, surgical staging for lung cancer, postoperative arterial blood gas levels, or the fact that a completion pneumonectomy or chest wall resection was undertaken. An increased incidence of tachydysrhythmia was noted in patients undergoing intrapericardial dissections and those who developed postoperative interstitial or perihilar pulmonary edema. Twenty-five percent (13) of the patients experiencing tachydysrhythmias died within 30 days following their pneumonectomy. We conclude that tachydysrhythmias after pneumonectomy are associated with significant mortality, have poor correlation to preoperative pulmonary function, and occur more frequently following intrapericardial dissection and in patients who develop postoperative interstitial pulmonary edema or perihilar pulmonary edema.
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PMID:Cardiac dysrhythmia following pneumonectomy. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance. 382 39

From April, 1988 to April, 1992, Pneumonectomy combined with resection of a part of left atrium in the treatment of patients with stage IIIb bronchogenic carcinoma was carried out in 5 cases because that the base of the pulmonary vein or adjacent left atrium were invaded by lung cancer. The surgical indications, surgical techniques, and the main points of perioperative management are discussed. The authors emphasize that the left atrium should be resected first before the pulmonary artery and bronchus are divided; that the tumor tissue should be resected completely and the healthy left atrium be reserved if possible; and the resection of the left atrium should not be more than one third of it. Pulmonary edema and respiratory failure often occur in the postoperative period, and its severity and morbidity are heavier than those patients with pneumonectomy alone. Therefore, postoperative management is of great importance. The postoperative survivals in this group are as follows: 2 cases survived more than 4 years; 1 more than 2 years; 1 over 10 months and another one 4 months.
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PMID:[Pneumonectomy combined with partial resection of left atrium in the treatment of stage IIIb bronchogenic carcinoma]. 817 89

Application of a modern method of introscopy--electroimpedance tomography (EIT) for diagnosis of different types of lung diseases is described. The EIT system including measurement and collecting data devices, 16-electrodes array and IBM PC 486 computer was used. The results of analysis of electrotomograms have demonstrated that the EIT-system can be introduced for detecting abnormal lung fluid levels, pulmonary edema, diagnosis of lung cancer, emphysema, pleuritis, hydrothorax, sarcoidosis. The method provides high sensitivity to the changes in the body physiological state. Other advantages are: safety, fast measurements, ease of equipment transportation and maintenance, low cost.
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PMID:[Electrical impedance tomography in pulmonology]. 921 60

Dr. Lyman Augustus Brewer III, a distinguished, colorful thoracic surgeon and among the first to practice that specialty in the West, died on June 25, 1988, in Los Angeles, California, after a courageous battle with lymphoma. Dr. Brewer was a great humanist, innovative clinical surgeon, charismatic teacher, and surgical leader. In World War II, Lieutenant Colonel Brewer served in the Second Auxiliary Surgical Group in the Mediterranean and European theaters and helped define criteria that became the standard for the management of thoracic war injuries. Out of this experience he authored the classic paper, "The Wet Lung in War Casualties." Dr. Brewer's scientific contributions embraced the broad spectrum of thoracic surgical topics, including treatment of tuberculosis, classification of lung cancer, bronchial stump buttressing using the pericardial fat pad (Brewer fat pad), and management of esophageal perforation. Dr Brewer wrote seven books and more than 100 papers, and served as First Vice President of The American College of Surgeons and as President of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and The Pacific Coast Surgical Association.
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PMID:Lyman A. Brewer III (1907-1988): surgeon-scientist, inspirational teacher, and humanist. 993 May 19

We successfully performed left lower lobectomy in a lung cancer patient with anatomical variation in which left superior and inferior pulmonary veins were connected to the left atrium after foaming an extrapericardial single trunk. When indicating lobectomy, confirming the presence of such anatomical variation is clinically significant to prevent the development of pulmonary edema in the residual lung due to improper division of the single trunk as well as preventing subsequent possibly essential completion pneumonectomy.
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PMID:[A resected case of lung cancer with an extrapericardial single trunk formed by the left pulmonary veins]. 1099 71

We present a rare case of a synchronous primary lung cancer adjacent to a hamartoma. A 71-year-old woman was admitted with congestive heart failure due to acute myocardial infarction. A chest radiogram on admission showed pulmonary edema with a tumor shadow in the right upper lung field. Because histological diagnosis was not obtained preoperatively, a wedge resection of the lung was conducted using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The histopathological examination confirmed the coexistence of an adenocarcinoma with a chondromatous hamartoma. Right upper lobectomy was performed followed by excision of the mediastinal lymph nodes. Although hamartoma is generally considered to be a benign neoplasm, there have been several reports of increased risk to lung cancer in patients with a chondromatous hamartoma. Therefore, we recommend that patients with a hamartoma should be submitted to a complete evaluation and to regular follow-up, considering the risk to associated synchronous malignancy.
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PMID:Coexistence of lung cancer and hamartoma. 1135 62


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