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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To test whether there is a radiographic pattern diagnostic for chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), radiographs of 591 patients with interstitial lung disease (2,852 films) were reviewed. A peripheral ground glass pattern was seen in 24 individuals (4.1%). Lung biopsies in 16 of these patients revealed CEP. The remaining eight bad all the clinical features of CEP. In a separate study, pathologic featues of 350 patients with interstitial disease were coded: CEP was the principal diagnosis in 21 (5.7%). Sixteen of the 21 had typical peripheral radiographic opacities. Review of published chest radiographs of 81 patients with CEP showed characteristic peripheral opacities in 53 cases (65%). Typically, dense opacities with ill-defined margins and without lobar or segmental distribution are seen arranged peripherally apposed to the pleura. The opacities are usually in an apical or axillary location, but are sometimes basal when they mimic loculated effusion. When the opacities surround the lung, the appearance is that of a photographic negative or reversal of the shadows usually seen in pulmonary edema. The opacities sometimes disappear and recur in exactly the same locations. Peculiar oblique or vertical lines without reference to hilus or anatomic divisions occasionally appear during resolution. Response to corticosteroid treatment is dramatic, with clinical improvement in hours and disappearance of radiographic shadows within a few days. The typical radiographic pattern is virtually diagnostic even without other information. In this series all patients with characteristic radiographs had CEP. Blood eosinophilia is confirmatory, but its absence does not exclude the diagnosis.
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PMID:Peripheral opacities in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: the photographic negative of pulmonary edema. 40 62

An extensive vascular surface area places the lungs at risk for damage by blood-borne drugs. Drug-induced pulmonary vascular disease may present clinically as acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema followed by diffuse interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular occlusion, pulmonary hypertension or hemorrhage. It is important to recognize these reactions as drug-related because many are reversible with discontinuation of the drug and supportive therapy. Failure to recognize drug-induced pulmonary vascular disease can lead to significant morbidity and, in some cases, death.
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PMID:Drug-induced pulmonary vascular disease--mechanisms and clinical patterns. 353 67

The clinical and autopsy records of 65 patients with either polymyositis (24) or dermatomyositis (41) and pulmonary disease were reviewed. Pulmonary symptoms were recorded in 43 of the cases and included dyspnoea in 31, cough in 23, and chest pain in six. Interstitial lung disease was noted at autopsy in 27 patients; almost half of these had arthritis. Bronchopneumonia was found in 35 patients, 31 of these had received prednisone. Dysphagia was present in a similar proportion of patients with and without pneumonia. Pulmonary vasculitis was seen in five patients; pulmonary symptoms, arthritis, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were present in four of these cases and all five had associated interstitial lung disease. Other pulmonary manifestations included pulmonary oedema, primary pulmonary malignancy, diffuse alveolar damage, fibrinous pleuritis, pulmonary emboli, and diaphragmatic atrophy. The mean survival after disease onset was 29 months but was much less for those with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vasculitis.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease in polymyositis/dermatomyositis: a clinicopathological analysis of 65 autopsy cases. 381 71

Inspiratory muscle fatigue and pulmonary edema are both known to cause rapid shallow breathing. It has been suggested that exercise tolerance in patients with pulmonary disease and cardiac disease may be limited by the development of inspiratory muscle fatigue and pulmonary edema, respectively, at maximal exercise. If these hypotheses are correct, breathing pattern during recovery from maximal exercise in these patients should be rapid and shallow compared with that during exercise. This study was performed to test these hypotheses. Seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 8 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), 7 patients with cardiac disease (CD) (mitral valve disease or left ventricular dysfunction) and 8 normal (NR) subjects each performed maximal incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Exercise breathing pattern was compared with that during recovery by calculating the mean difference in tidal volume (at the same levels of minute ventilation) between exercise and recovery for each subject. Recovery breathing pattern was similar to that during exercise for the COPD, ILD, and NR subjects. In contrast, breathing pattern during recovery was rapid and shallow compared with that during exercise for the CD patients; recovery tidal volume was less than that during exercise for the same level of minute ventilation. The fact that rapid shallow breathing does not develop during recovery from maximal exercise in patients with COPD or ILD suggests that inspiratory muscle fatigue does not limit their exercise tolerance. The relative rapid shallow breathing during recovery from maximal exercise in patients with CD is probably due to the development of pulmonary edema at maximal exercise, but further studies are needed to confirm this.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Breathing pattern during and after maximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, and cardiac disease, and in normal subjects. 396 26

Pulmonary complications in children receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants are frequent and produce complex and confusing chest radiographic abnormalities. A simplified approach to the interpretation of the latter is presented. The development of patchy, parenchymal densities that are usually bilateral and rapidly progressive indicates a pneumonia. These are the most common complication within two months of transplantation. A combined alveolar and interstitial pattern in a perihilar distribution within two months of transplantation indicates pulmonary edema. A diffuse, bilateral reticulonodular pattern occurring more than two months following transplantation signifies the radiographic onset of interstitial lung disease. The development of diffuse, bilateral alveolar opacification extending to the periphery of the lung fields and associated with volume loss and air bronchograms indicates the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Etiologies are discussed.
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PMID:Chest radiography in pediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 700 Mar 33

A 47-year-old man with a history of industrial exposure and interstitial lung disease was admitted for acute pulmonary decompensation. Clinical course was characterized by severe dyspnea at rest, fever, hypoxemia, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. At autopsy, pulmonary problems were explained by a selective veno-occlusive process. Associated with pulmonary phlebitis was cerebral vasculitis and lymph node enlargement with erythrophagocytosis suggesting underlying viral infection. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease should be considered in cases of pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension with cor pulmonale, and pulmonary edema and congestion with normal left atrial pressures.
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PMID:Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Morphological changes suggesting a viral cause. 725 18

The use of cocaine in the United States has reached near epidemic proportions. A major factor responsible for the dramatic increase in cocaine use is the ability to freebase cocaine and extract essentially pure drug to be smoked as crack. As a result, a variety of respiratory problems temporally associated with crack inhalation have been reported. Cocaine may cause changes in the respiratory tract as a result of its pharmacologic effects exerted either locally or systemically, its method of administration (smoking, sniffing, injecting), or its alteration of central nervous system neuroregulation of pulmonary function. These changes include such diverse disorders as thermal airway injury, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, hypersensitivity reactions, and interstitial lung disease. However, a review of the pulmonary pathology and dysfunction associated with crack and/or cocaine use indicates that the reported changes are most likely multifactorial, even idiosyncratic, and fails to reveal common features diagnostic of cocaine use. It is likely that the spectrum of cocaine-induced pulmonary disease will continue to enlarge.
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PMID:A review of pulmonary pathology and mechanisms associated with inhalation of freebase cocaine ("crack"). 849 59

The pathology of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity in children is poorly understood and probably under-estimated, in the absence of any prospective studies evaluating in a systematic fashion the side effect of medication on the respiratory apparatus. The pulmonary toxicity of thoracic irradiation has markedly receded with more restricted indications for this sort of treatment. Three clinical patterns are most commonly encountered in drug induced lung disease in children: interstitial lung disease, hypersensitivity lung disease and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The diagnosis is a diagnosis of exclusion and rests on a group of clinical arguments and also on the progress of the disease. Broncho-alveolar lavage rules out infectious disease. Respiratory function tests show non-specific anomalies. A lung biopsy may be indicated. The mechanism of the pulmonary toxicity are associated with disequilibrium of the oxidant/antioxidant and protease/antiprotease system as well as disturbance of the immune response or alteration of the pulmonary matrix by disease of the collagen system. Increased toxicity may be seen in children because of a very significant cumulative dose. The cytotoxic drugs which are most often implicated in causing this are bleomycin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and busulfan. Other drugs which are responsible for toxic lung disease are nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, D-penicillamine, betalactams, Diphenyl-hydantoin and carbamazepine. Acute post-radiation lung disease is rare. Post-radiation fibrosis is found six months after irradiation and hinders thoraco-pulmonary growth in the child. It is important to assess lung function in all children before any chemotherapy or thoracic irradiation. Cytotoxic drugs are the most common cause of toxic lung disease. This iatrogenic disease requires a multi-discipline approach to ensure the quality of care for these children.
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PMID:[Pulmonary toxicity of drugs and thoracic irradiation in children]. 876 15

Drug abuse is a growing problem in industrialized countries, opening the way to new diseases of the respiratory tract. It has been demonstrated that regular inhalation of cannabis has the same consequences as tobacco smoking. The same cannot be said for other drugs. Cocaine, amphetamines or crack expose the patient to particular toxic effects: in addition to barotrauma related to the administration route, syndromes of acute respiratory distress have been described. These result either from bronchial reactions, asthma exacerbation or eosinophil bronchopneumonia, or alveolar involvement: intra-alveolar bleeding, pulmonary edema or organized pneumonia. Respiratory complications induced by opiates, often used in injections, are related to central alveolar hypoventilation and/or the development of injury from pulmonary edema or pneumonia. The pathophysiology of these lesions is not perfectly understood. Besides these specific conditions, infection is a major problem in drug abusers, irrespective of the drug: bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, HIV infection are much more frequent in this high-risk group. Finally repeated intravenous injections of various drugs designed for oral intake can lead to severe complications such as pulmonary hypertension or toxic interstitial lung disease. Summarizing, respiratory diseases in drug abuses can take on a wide range of quite complex presentations. Occasional or regular use of illicit drugs can lead, not exceptionally, to severe respiratory complications requiring rapid management. Knowledge of the principal complications and the appropriate diagnostic procedures is indispensable.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary disease in drug abusers]. 1159 52

This is a report of fatality immediately after administration of epoprostenol. The patient was previously diagnosed with CREST syndrome and associated interstitial lung disease. She developed worsening pulmonary hypertension and was clinically diagnosed with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. The patient developed flash pulmonary edema and arrested after administration of low-dose epoprostenol in the intensive care unit. An autopsy revealed the patient suffered from pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. We review our case and what is known about this rare disease.
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PMID:Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis associated with CREST syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. 2045 87


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