Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Diaphane-program instituted under the authority of the French Society of Nephrology has been steadily expanding since 1972. By December 1977, about 1500 patients treated in 30 public and private Dialysis Centres were followed up by this system. Full coverage of expenses is provided by the participating Centres. The statistical work presented in this report involves 1572 adult patients treated between June 1972 and December 1976 in 24 dialysis centres. The amount of collected data and the duration of the observation period permit to build up evolutive profiles of the population of patients treated in France by maintenance hemodialysis, of the various techniques and strategies used and of the main complications recorded in the patients. 1. Mean age of patients at start of dialysis is steadily increasing, from 40.1 years in 1972 to 48.2 years in 1976. 2. The predominance of male patients, constant over each year, may be explained by an increased proportion in man of chronic glomerulonephritis and renal vascular diseases. The sex-ratio in patients with chronic pyelonephritis is close to the one recorded in the French population. 3. The regular decrease of the mean plasma creatinine level at time of first dialysis recorded since 1972, is probably related to an earlier start of treatment. However, 10.6 per cent of the patients taken on treatment in 1975-1976 still had a plasma creatinine greater than or equal to 200 mg/100ml. 18.7 per cent had a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg, and exsudative lesions at eye fundi examination were found in 33.5 per cent. The delay in initiating dialysis treatment may account for the frequency of early acute cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary oedema and pericarditis and also for the increase in the mortality rate recorded during the first year of treatment: 12.1 per cent instead of 6.2 per cent during the second year. This particularly relevant for the younger age group of patients. 4. There seems to be some social disparity concerning the detection of renal disease and the conditions under which dialysis treatment is started: chronic renal disease is detected at an earlier stage and dialysis treatment initiated for lower values of plasma creatinine and of diastolic blood pressure in patients belonging to the "higher income" group of population. 5. The percentage of patients dialysed twice a week is steadily increasing, whereas the average weekly dialysis time decreases, being about 15 hours in 1976. Day and evening dialysis replace overnight dialysis. Disposable flat-plate dialysers are used increasingly. 6. Episodes of hypotension and cramps are the incidents most frequently recorded during the dialysis sessions. Risk factors evidenced in the occurrence of hypotensive accidents are: the female sex, age greater than or equal to 55 years in males, orthostatic blood pressure drop at the end of previous dialysis, weight loss of more than 4 per cent of total body weight during dialysis...
 ...
PMID:[Dialysis-computer program. IV. Summary report. Epidemiology of complications]. 60 11

Cardiorenal syndromes refer to clinical and metabolic consequences of acute and chronic heart failure or kidney disease on other organ. Recent studies have further clarified the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the different types of cardiorenal syndromes and propose a new classification. The cardiorenal syndrome type 1 corresponds to an acute heart failure (cardiogenic shock, acute decompensated congestive heart failure) which induces acute renal dysfunction. In the cardiorenal syndrome type 2 heart failure is chronic (congestive heart failure) and induces chronic kidney damages in the long-term. Whereas the renocardiac syndrome type 3 (acute) or 4 (chronic) corresponds to either acute renal failure situation (acute renal failure with tubular necrosis secondary to acute collapsus...) responsible for acute heart failure (left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema) or chronic (chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic...) leading to chronic heart alteration (left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias). Finally, the failure of both organs can be simultaneous and secondary to a systemic or a metabolic disease (amyloidosis, diabetes) and corresponds to cardiorenal syndrome type 5. Epidemiological studies highlight the high incidence of cardiorenal syndromes type 1 and 2 and particularly the deleterious impact of renal impairment on the short and medium-term prognosis of heart failure. This classification is of essential interest for better identification of patients and help for the development of therapeutic studies.
 ...
PMID:[[CARDIORENAL SYNDROMES : DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION]. 2753 11