Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The purpose of fluid administration is not only the restoration of blood volume but also the normalization of impaired nutritive flow. 2. Plasma oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure is the only force which can draw water into the circulation. In shock the infusion of colloid solutions is able to normalize nutritive flow and peripheral resistance almost at once. 3. Five per cent solutions of pasteurized plasma protein or albumin and 6 per cent dextran 70 yield a volume expansion corresponding to the amount infused. 4. The decrease in hematocrit produced by the infusion of these three colloidal solutions is accompanied by a decrease in whole blood viscosity resulting in a rise in cardiac output as well as in nutritional tissue flow. 5. Hemodilution improves oxygen supply as long as the hematocrit does not fall below 30 per cent, although normovolemia is the critical requirement. 6. Transmission of viral hepatitis is still the greatest danger of blood transfusion. 7. The use of large amounts of Ringer's lactate is not advised, as this solution does not reduce the total number of units of blood which need to be given. Pulmonary edema may become a problem. 8. Dextrans are best suited to initial volume replacement in shock. They increase plasma volume, improve blood flow, have antithrombotic properties, and are easily available and relatively cheap. Anaphylactoid reactions are rare. 9. Every third patient undergoing general surgery and every other patient having hip surgery develops a deep venous thrombosis. Widespread prophylaxis to prevent thromboembolic complications is mandatory. 10. The antithrombotic properties of dextran are due to a reduction in platelet adhesiveness, a change in fibrin clot structure, and the increased lysability of thrombi and the improvement of blood flow. 11. In a personal controlled, prospective, randomezed trial comparing subcutaneous heparin and intravenous dextran 40, 35.8 per cent of the controls (n=95), 13.2 per cent of the 83 patients in the heparin group, and 20.5 per cent in the dextran group (n=83) developed deep venous thrombosis. The difference between dextran and heparin is not significant; however, both treatment groups show a statistically significant effect compared to the controls.
 ...
PMID:Dextran and the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications. 116 22

A simultaneous approach to revascularization for combined coronary and carotid disease today is well accepted. The discussion about combined procedures of carotid and aortoiliac occlusive disease is still going on. We operated upon 3 patients, aged 63,56 and 65 years, who suffered from carotid, aortoiliac and renal artery disease. Main symptoms were hypertensive crisis with pulmonary edema and intermittent claudication. Dizziness, transient ischemic attacks and slight renal insufficiency were present in two, one and two patients respectively. After recompensation a simultaneous operation was performed: carotid endarterectomy with inlying shunt, reconstruction and patch-plasty of the renal arteries and implantation of a aortofemoral artery bypass graft. Postoperative complications: hypertensive crisis, low output syndrome and oliguria (1 pt.) and deep vein thrombosis (1 pt.) could be treated conservatively. 10 and 12 months later the patients are symptom-free except one, who suffers from angina NYHA II. In conclusion we recommend carotid endarterectomy simultaneously with any major vascular procedure, if a critical stenosis is visualized to improve long-term survival in addition to reducing operative mortality.
 ...
PMID:[Simultaneous intervention on the carotid artery, abdominal aorta and their branches]. 400 9

There are many common and significant medical complications of head injury. These include (1) cardiovascular problems such as hyperdynamic state, myocardial injury, and dysrhythmias; (2) respiratory changes such as neurogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxia, abnormal ventilatory patterns, pulmonary infections, and pulmonary emboli secondary to deep vein thrombosis; (3) consumption coagulopathy; (4) water and electrolyte derangements--hypo- and hypernatremia; (5) hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction--syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and diabetes insipidus; (6) increased general metabolism with loss of immunocompetence, respiratory compromise, and complications of decreased activity; (7) gastrointestinal difficulties, particularly stress gastritis; and (8) infectious problems including those related to contamination from open wounds and foreign bodies such as monitors.
 ...
PMID:Medical complications of head injury. 841 23

With improved technology and development of several mechanical assist devices, the indications of percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization have been extended. In 39 patients (30 men, mean age = 60.1 +/- 8.1 years) with angina pectoris or heart failure, with poor operative risk-benefit ratio and ejection fraction < 35% and/or target vessel supplying > 50% of the viable myocardium, we performed assisted percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization. Intraortic balloon counterpulsation (n = 16), extracorporal circulation (n = 21), or hemopump (n = 2) were used for mechanical support. Complete 6-week follow up was possible in 27 patients. An improvement of left-ventricular function (patients with EF < or = 35% demonstrated an improvement: 27 +/- 7 vs 36 +/- 10%, p < 0.05), heart failure (patients with EF < or = 35% demonstrated an improvement of maximal oxygen uptake: 14 +/- 4 vs 17 +/- 4 ml/kg/min; p < 0.05) and a marked improvement of angina (23/38 demonstrated CCS-improvement of at least one class) was found. Hospital mortality was as low as 2.6%. Major postinterventional complications included nonfatal myocardial infarction (n = 2), fatal retroperitoneal bleeding (n = 1), pulmonary edema (n = 1), nonfatal ventricular fibrillation (n = 1), cerebrovascular event without residual (n = 1), and deep vein thrombosis (n = 4). In conclusion, assisted percutaneous revascularization was successful in a high risk subset of patients with increased surgical risk and/or poor ventricular function.
 ...
PMID:[Percutaneous "high risk" angioplasty with prophylactic cardiopulmonary support. High risk PTCA with mechanical circulatory support]. 902 3

During normal pregnancy total body water increases by 6 to 8 liters, 4 to 6 liters of which are extracellular, of which at least 2 to 3 liters are interstitial. At some stage in pregnancy 8 out of 10 women have demonstrable clinical edema. There is also cumulative retention of about 950 mmol of sodium distributed between the maternal extracellular compartments and the product of conception. Thus, changes in factors governing renal sodium and water handling accompany alterations in local Starling forces whereby there is a moderate fall in interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (COPi) and a rise in capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc), as well as changes in hydration of connective tissue ground substance. Edema is a traditional criterion for diagnosing pre-eclampsia, but should no longer be used as its detection is not clinically useful. The role of diuretics in obstetric practice should be restricted to the management of pulmonary edema in pre-eclampsia. Volume expansion therapy in pregnancy runs the risk of pulmonary or cerebral edema, particularly in the immediate puerperium. Vulval edema and erythematous edema associated with deep venous thrombosis are rare but dangerous complications of pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Edema in pregnancy. 918 12

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a recognized risk of rapid ascent to high altitude. Since the recognition of this entity more than 30 years ago, most pulmonary deaths at high altitude have been attributed to HAPE. However, as the bodies can almost never be recovered for postmortem examination, rare diagnoses that appear clinically similar to HAPE will not be recognized. A 33-year-old woman climbing on Mt. Everest, and taking oral contraceptive pills, developed what seemed to be severe HAPE. Examination after she was evacuated from the mountain revealed a deep venous thrombosis in her left leg and multiple pulmonary emboli. We propose that multiple pulmonary emboli at high altitude can mimic HAPE, and fatal pulmonary embolism may be an explanation for some alleged victims of HAPE who died despite what should have been adequate descent.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary embolism presenting as high-altitude pulmonary edema. 1199 10

The ENT and maxillo-facial reconstruction with free flaps has become a standard. The objective of the adjuvant treatments is to limit failures (approximately 6%) related to ischaemia/reperfusion. French surgical centres use specific protocols depending on the surgeon. They used antiplatelet agent, anticoagulants, normovolemic hamodilution and vasodilators. Many experimental studies are available. However, there is no clinical study to recommend the use of antiplatelet agents (combination with heparin increase the risk of pre- and postoperative bleeding), of normovolemic hemodilution (pulmonary oedema) and of vasodilators. After analysis of one of the only prospective study, we propose the use of heparin following a deep vein thrombosis preventive protocol. Due to the limited number of the patients and difficulty to have homogenous series, it is impossible to draw new recommendations, even if ischemic preconditioning techniques offer new research horizons.
 ...
PMID:[Should adjuvant treatments (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, normovolaemic haemodilution and vasodilators) be used in cervicofacial and maxillofacial free flaps reconstructive surgery?]. 1547 38

People visiting or living in tropical or subtropical regions are exposed to various factors, which can lead to edema. Tourists staying for only a short time in the tropics are exposed to different risks, with other disease patterns, than people living in the tropics or immigrants from tropical regions. The differential diagnosis of edema and swelling is extensive and it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish classical edema with fluid retention in the extravascular interstitial space, from lymphedema or swelling due to other aetiologies. The patients often connect the edema to their stay in the tropics although it may have been pre-existing with no obvious relation to their travels. Already the long trip in the plane can lead to an "economy class syndrome" due to deep venous thrombosis. Contacts with animal or plant toxins, parasites or parasitic larvae can produce peripheral edema. The diagnosis can often only be made by taking a meticulous history, checking for eosinophilia and with the help of serological investigations. Chronic lymphedema or elephantiasis of the limbs is often due to blocked lymph vessels by filarial worms. It has to be distinguished from other forms as e.g. podoconiosis due to blockage by mineral particles in barefoot walking people. The trend to book adventure and trekking holidays at high altitude leads to high altitude peripheral edema or non-freezing cold injuries such as frostbites and trench foot. Edema can be an unwanted side effect of a range of drugs e.g. nifedipine, which is used to prevent and treat high altitude pulmonary edema. Protein malnutrition, (Kwashiorkor), and vitamin B6 deficiency, (Beri-Beri) are very rarely observed in immigrants and almost never in tourists. A very painful swelling of fingers and hands in children and young adults of African origin can be observed during a sickle cell crisis. Many protein loosing nephropathies connected with plant and animal toxins but also bacterial, viral or parasitic agents, can lead to edema. But very often edema in tourists or immigrants from the tropics is not related to their stay abroad. To take an accurate history of the itinerary, eating habits and exposure to water etc. is very important. Knowledge of the precise epidemiology and geographic distribution of diseases are essential.
 ...
PMID:[Edema and the tropics]. 1560 60

For an extended period of time various research projects have been conducted on the relationship of hypoxia and haemostasis. The enclosed article contains the conclusion to which extent lack of oxygen can activate the coagulation system and induce a prothrombotic state. The majority of studies proved a shortening of coagulation times during acute exposure to hypoxia, whereas activated parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis like prothrombin fragment F1+2 as well as thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and D-dimer remained mostly unmodified. It is suggested that a prolonged sojourn at high altitudes could lead to activation of the coagulation system through an increase of haematocrit and blood viscosity. Recently it was proven that people living at high altitudes show an enhanced risk of stroke incidents. The significance of the change in haemostasis on that outcome has not yet been part of the research. However, it has been proven that the activity of the coagulation system does not play a pathophysiological part in the development of acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary edema. Recent studies also demonstrated that moderate hypoxia during long haul flights may not be the main trigger in inducing deep vein thrombosis in passengers.
 ...
PMID:[Interaction of hypoxia and haemostasis--hypoxia as a prothrombotic factor at high altitude?]. 1596 61

The authors have developed an impedance imaging prototype system and tested its functionality. They describe some enhancements made to their previous system and three algorithms for reconstructing impedance images. The system is capable of reconstructing cross-sectional impedance distributions from surface measured data. They discuss some experimental results with the saline tank and a preclinical study of applying the electrical imaging technique to detect deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Other potential applications include monitoring pulmonary edema, imaging the lungs, and noninvasive temperature monitoring during hyperthermia treatment.
 ...
PMID:Impedance tomography and its application in deep venous thrombosis detection. 1823 5


1 2 3 Next >>