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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pheochromocytoma during pregnancy is extremely rare. Its clinical manifestation includes hypertension with various clinical presentations, possibly resembling those of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The real challenge for clinicians is differentiating pheochromocytoma from other causes of hypertension (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and pre-existing or essential hypertension), from other cause of pulmonary edema (preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, stress or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, pre-existing cardiac disease [mitral stenosis], and high doses betamimetics), and from other causes of cardiovascular collapse (pulmonary embolism, and amniotic fluid embolism). Although, several cases of pheochromocytoma during pregnancy have been published, fetal and maternal mortalities due to undiagnosed cases are still reported. We report a case of a patient whose delivery by cesarean section was complicated by severe hemodynamic instability resulting in a cardiac arrest. Later on, pheochromocytoma was suspected based on computed tomography (CT) scan findings. Diagnosis was confirmed with special biochemical investigations that showed markedly elevated catecholamines in urine and metanephrines in serum, and later by histopathology of the excised left adrenal mass. This case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing pheochromocytoma in pregnancy and raises the awareness to when this rare disease should be suspected.
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PMID:Cardiorespiratory crisis at the end of pregnancy: a case of pheochromocytoma. 2418 Jan 71

We report the case of a 75-year old woman who presented with shortness of breath and haemoptysis. She had been treated for presumed essential hypertension for many years. On admission she was found to be severely hypertensive. Chest X-ray showed pulmonary oedema. However, an echocardiogram reported good systolic ventricular function. Her hypertension and pulmonary oedema did not respond to medical treatment necessitating intubation. A CT angiogram identified the cause--undiagnosed bilateral severe. We discuss this increasingly common condition that is difficult to manage and easily missed.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary oedema with normal left ventricular function in a patient with resistant hypertension--what is the likely diagnosis? 2461

Most patients with hypertension have no clear etiology and are classified as having primary hypertension. However, 5% to 10% of these patients may have secondary hypertension, which indicates an underlying and potentially reversible cause. The prevalence and potential etiologies of secondary hypertension vary by age. The most common causes in children are renal parenchymal disease and coarctation of the aorta. In adults 65 years and older, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, renal failure, and hypothyroidism are common causes. Secondary hypertension should be considered in the presence of suggestive symptoms and signs, such as severe or resistant hypertension, age of onset younger than 30 years (especially before puberty), malignant or accelerated hypertension, and an acute rise in blood pressure from previously stable readings. Additionally, renovascular hypertension should be considered in patients with an increase in serum creatinine of at least 50% occurring within one week of initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy; severe hypertension and a unilateral smaller kidney or difference in kidney size greater than 1.5 cm; or recurrent flash pulmonary edema. Other underlying causes of secondary hypertension include hyperaldosteronism, obstructive sleep apnea, pheochromocytoma, Cushing syndrome, thyroid disease, coarctation of the aorta, and use of certain medications.
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PMID:Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause. 2909 13


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