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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the statistics on complications of ergometric exercise tests come from the United States and are largely related to treadmill ergometry. A questionnaire was sent in the summer of 1978 to 198 investigative units in the German-speaking regions. The results of 1065 923 person-tests were made available. Exercise testing of 353 638 sports-persons revealed no serious complications. On the other hand, testing of 712 285 patients, predominantly with coronary heart disease, lead to 17 deaths and a total of 96 life-threatening complications. The result of this survey indicates that one must expect one such complication for every 7500 ergometry tests. The danger of pulmonary oedema on exercise in recumbency is about five times higher than that on sitting or standing. The most frequent complication was ventricular fibrillation. A defibrillator should therefore always be immediately available during exercise tests.
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PMID:[Frequency of life-threatening complications associated with exercise testing (author's transl)]. 46 75

The hospital mortality in 1,246 consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients treated in a large community hospital coronary care unit was 14.4%. Of the total, 52.3% showed no evidence of heart failure, 25.8% had mild to moderate failure, 9.9% had pulmonary edema, and 12% developed cardiogenic shock; the mortality in these groups was 2.2%, 7.4%, 8.9%, and 87.2%, respectively. The mortalitiy in the 1,097 patints who did not have cardiogenic shock was 4.5%. Only one patient died as a result of primary ventricular fibrillation (0.08%). The mortality of complete heart block in the absence of cardiogenic shock (8.3%) was not significantly different from that of comparable patients who did not have complete heart block (4.3%). These results are lower than those generally reported.
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PMID:Treatment of myocardial infarction in a community hospital coronary care unit. Experience with 1,246 patients. 62 50

Five patients with critical aortic stenosis (aortic valve area 0.6 cm2 or less) died 2 days to 21 days following cardiac catheterization performed in anticipation of cardiac surgery. A sixth patient was successfully resuscitated for spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, and successful aortic valve replacement was accomplished. Two patients had prior history of syncope; one patient, of ventricular tachycardia; three patients, of pulmonary edema; and three patients, of crescendo angina. One patient had severe hypotension during maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. The mode of death was sudden but not witnessed in two patients. The terminal cardiac rhythms were slow junctional in one patient, idioventricular in one, ventricular tachycardia in one, and ventricular fibrillation in the fourth patient. We conclude that symptomatic patients with critical aortic stenosis should be monitored after cardiac catheterization, and surgery should be performed as soon as possible since sudden death is not unusual.
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PMID:Sudden death in severe aortic stenosis following cardiac catheterization. 75 34

In a consecutive series of 274 AMI cases ventricular tachycardia (VT), defined as three or more ventricular premature beats (VPBs) in succession but not VPBs, has been used as the indication for ventricular fibrillation (VF) prophylaxis. No primary VF occurred, and this fits with the hypothesis of VT as a sufficient indication for prophylaxis against primary VF. Six patients developed complicating VF (preceded by rales or hypotension but not frank pulmonary edema or shock). Four of the six patients (67%) had VT (0-1.5 hours) before VF, while the mean VT incidence of the six corresponding monitoring periods in 247 non-VF patients was 5%. Three of the four VT patients were on lignocaine/procainamide when VF developed. Thus, VT is acceptable as the only warning arrhythmia even in complicating VF but antiarrhythmic drugs do not seem to have the same prophylactic efficacy in complicating VF as in primary VF. Another 21 patients developed VF during shock, frank pulmonary edema or manipulating a pacemaker catheter within the heart.
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PMID:Restricted lignocaine prophylaxis in acute myocardial infarction. 83 77

The examination was carried out in 787 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction. The most frequently encountered variant of intraventricular block in males was the right bundle branch block, in females--the left bundle branch block. The rarest variant of intraventricular conductivity disorders in myocardial infarction was the left-posterior hemiblock. The prognostically severest variant of bilateral block consists in a combination of the right bundle branch block with the left-posterior hemiblock. The leading causes of death among the patients with myocardial infarction and intraventricular blocks were acute (cardiogenic shock, pulmonary oedema) and chronic cardiac insufficiency. In patients with bilateral blocks the frequent causes of death were, along with cardiac insufficiency, also arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation, asystole).
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PMID:[Intraventricular blocks in myocardial infarct]. 97 66

The results of controlled respiration as treatment in 20 patients with complicated myocardial infarction are presented. The clinical indications to this method of treatment included: shock, pulmonary oedema refractory to treatment, recurrent ventricular fibrillation and respirator failure following cardiac arrest. An indication for the use of this method is a drop in PaO2 below 70 mm Hg despite breathing 30% oxygen. Neuroleptanalgesic drugs were administered routinely while the patient was on the respirator. In all cases at least two prognostically unfavourable clinical signs were found. A correlation was observed between the clinical result and hypoxaemia after breathing 100% oxygen.
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PMID:The use of respirators in patients with complicated myocardial infarction. 106 64

The first phase of accidental drowning begins with asphyxia, due to either laryngospasm (10-15 percent of cases) or water aspiration. The second phase is characterized by water and electrolyte changes in the blood. The physiopathological modifications caused by drowning in fresh water differ from those of drowning in sea water. The hypotonic fresh water quickly diffuses in the bloodstream. The consequences are, in many cases, hypervolemia with pulmonary edema, hemolysis, hyperkalemia with risk of ventricular fibrillation, diminution of hemoglobin, and a relative decrease in plasma concentration of Na, Cl, Ca, and albumin. Further, inactivation and washing out of the anti-atelectasis factor from the alveoli by fresh water facilitate the formation of atelectasis. In cases of accidental drowing in sea water the osmotic gradient is in inverse: the electrolytes of aspirated salt water diffuse in the circulation, whereas the blood serum and the plasma albumin pass into the alveoli. Acute pulmonary edema often follows these pathological changes. Hypovolemia with circulatory collapse, hemoconcentration with rise in hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, potassium and albumin, and, finally, an elevated risk of thromboembolism due to increased blood viscosity, represent further complications. On the other hand, ventricular fibrillation is rare, hemolysis is absent and atelectasis usually does not occur.
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PMID:[Physiopathology of accidental drowning]. 112 62

With the removal from the general marketplace of volatile hydrocarbons which have been previously abused by "thrill-seekers", new and often unlikely products are now being exploited by those who whish to escape reality. Many of these products have proven harmful. An example of such an unusual product is reported in this case of a sixteen-year-old male who inhaled Arrid Extra-Dry aerosol deodorant and subsequently died following ventricular fibrillation. The only findings at autopsy were cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and generalized visceral congestion.
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PMID:Fatal arrhythmia following deodorant inhalation: case report. 113 67

Epidemiologic investigations have provided a portrait of the potential candidate for coronary heart disease. This is important because studies of the evolution of coronary disease in the general population reveal that it is a common disease that frequently attacks without warning, can be silent in its most dangerous form and can present with sudden death as the first symptom. Progress in identifyin- persons in jeopardy and the factors needing correction makes it theoretically possible to interrupt the chain of factors that eventuate in this disease. Coronary disease does not really begin with crushing chest pain, pulmonary edema, shock, angina or ventricular fibrillation, but rather with more subtle signs like a poor coronary risk profile. The risk factors can be treated quantitatively as ingredients of a cardiovascular risk profile and their joint effect estimated. An efficient practicable set of variables for this purpose is a casual blood test for cholesterol and sugar, a blood pressure determination, an electrocardiogram and a cigarette smoking history. With this set of variables the risk of coronary heart diseases can be estimated over a 30-fold range and 10 percent of the asymptomatic population identified in whom 25 percent of the coronary disease, 40 percent of the occlusive peripheral arterial disease and 50 percent of the strokes and congestive heart failure will evolve. The periodic use of the electrocardiogram at rest and after exercise in persons with a poor risk profile can demonstrate persons with asymptomatic ischemic cardiomyopathy due to advanced coronary artery disease. Most cases of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction represent medical failures; the conditions should have been detected years earlier for preventive management. About 30 percent of patients with infraction will shortly experience new angina, have an annual death rate of 4 percent and a fourfold increased risk of sudden death. Reinfarction will occur at an annual rate of 6 percent, and half the recurrences will be fatal. Congestive heart failure must be expected at 10 times and strokes at 5 times the rate found in the general population. Although no major innovations are required to identify candidates for coronary disease and to estimate their risk, we have much to learn about motivating changes in behavior to control risk factors. Approaches to prevention of coronary heart disease include public health measures to alter the ecology in favor of cardiovascular health, preventive medicine directed at highly vulnerable candidates and hygienic measures initiated by an informed public in its own behalf.
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PMID:Some lessons in cardiovascular epidemiology from Framingham. 124 56

Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis with peak systolic pressure gradients of more than 60 mm Hg was treated by closed transventricular dilation in six young dogs. Peak systolic pressure gradients were measured by direct catheterization before surgery, immediately after dilation, and 3 months after surgery. Maximum instantaneous pressure gradients were measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography before surgery and 6 weeks to 9 months after surgery. All dogs survived the procedure, and two dogs were clinically normal after 9 and 14 months. Two dogs died at week 6 and month 7. One dog was receiving medication for pulmonary edema 15 months after surgery. One dog underwent open resection of the subvalvular ring at month 3, and was clinically normal 6 months after the second procedure. Complications included intraoperative ventricular fibrillation in one dog, and mild postoperative aortic insufficiency in one dog. Closed transventricular dilation resulted in an immediate 83% decrease in the peak systolic pressure gradient from a preoperative mean of 97 +/- 22 mm Hg to a mean of 14 +/- 15 mm Hg. However, systolic pressure gradients measured by direct catheterization at month 3 (77 +/- 26 mm Hg), and by Doppler echocardiography at week 6 to month 9 (85 +/- 32 mm Hg) were not significantly different from preoperative values, which suggested recurrence of the aortic stenosis. Closed transventricular dilation should not be considered a definitive treatment for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs, but may be useful in young dogs with critical aortic stenosis as a bridge to more definitive surgery.
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PMID:Closed transventricular dilation of discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs. 145 46


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