Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some diseases like acute myocardial infarction, sudden death and stroke have been reported to disclose daily, weekly or annual incidence fluctuations. We analyzed the rhythm of pulmonary edema occurrence. We considered 105 consecutive subjects (mean age 73.7 +/- 9.7 years) who came to an Emergency Department because of acute pulmonary edema during a solar year. Chronobiologic analysis was performed using Halberg single cosinor test. Pulmonary edema incidence was higher during the night with an acrophase at 2:14 a.m. (p < 0.001). No significant weekly or circannual rhythms were detected. We discuss the possible relations with diminished heart output, increase in sympathetic tone or partial baroceptor desensitization, occurring at night.
 ...
PMID:[Chronobiology of acute pulmonary edema in an emergency service]. 961 59

Prosthetic valve thrombosis can determine different degrees of valvular insufficiency or obstruction, with a potentially fatal course. The current literature has not established whether the best treatment is thrombolysis or surgery (thrombectomy or valvular replacement). However, both treatments expose the patient to the risk of serious sequelae or death. Here we describe a case of acute thrombosis in a prosthetic mitral valve. At presentation, the patient was in pulmonary edema and had a low cardiac output. She was treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator infusion (rt-PA 100 mg in 2 hours). Both clinically as well as echocardiographically, we observed a quick regression of the obstruction, but after the treatment, the patient developed an ischemic stroke with aphasia and hemiplegia. The authors conclude that thrombolysis is a highly effective treatment in resolving prosthetic thrombosis. However, because it carries a significant risk of embolization, it should be limited to patients with hemodynamic deterioration in whom surgery could also entail a significant risk of death.
 ...
PMID:[Acute disfunction from thrombosis of a prosthetic mitral valve: thrombolysis with rt-PA in the clinical emergency phase]. 961 54

AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Recognition and appropriate management of AF is important to optimize care of concurrent medical problems and prevent long-term consequences. DC cardioversion under sedation should be performed in patients with pulmonary edema, angina, or hypotension. Ventricular rate control is the first choice in stable patients with rapid ventricular rate. Anticoagulation should be considered in all patients with AF duration < 48 hours, except for those under 65 years old and having no other risk factors of stroke. Recent data imply that early attempts at cardioversion may increase success rates and decrease AF recurrence rates. Thus, transesophageal echocardiogram-guided early cardioversion may become more widely used.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation and management of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department. 962 49

We investigated whether use of labetalol, a beta adrenoreceptor blocking antihypertensive agent commonly employed as an alternative to hydralazine, is independently associated with pulmonary edema in women with severe preeclampsia. We retrospectively evaluated women with severe preeclampsia who were given labetalol by intravenous bolus for MAP > 120 mm Hg. Outcome variables included: achieving MAP < 120 mm Hg with < 300 mg of labetalol, incidence of adverse effects of the drug, including pulmonary edema, hypotension, and maternal bradycardia. Total intravenous fluid intake exceeding output (+ delta I/O) and presence or absence of preeclamptic liver involvement were noted. Statistical analysis included unpaired t-tests and Fisher's exact test. Fifty-one women were studied, 7 (13.7%) of whom developed pulmonary edema. Demographic and pregnancy characteristics were not different between patients who did or did not develop pulmonary edema. No patient had detectable underlying heart disease. Patients with or without pulmonary edema did not differ as regards entry MAP (130 +/- 14 vs. 129 +/- 18 mm Hg), total dose of labetalol (209 +/- 83 vs. 193 +/- 39 mg/24 hours), incidence of bradycardia or hypotension (0/7 vs. 8/44), or presence of hepatic involvement (1/7 vs. 9/44). However, there was a significant difference in degree of positive fluid balance. Patients developing pulmonary edema had a net gain of 1,466 +/- 429 mL of fluid in the 24 hours in which they received labetalol than those who did not (659 +/- 1152 mL, P = .003). Initial central hemodynamic monitoring data revealed no impairment of cardiac performance (mean cardiac output 7.7 +/- 1.8 L/min, cardiac index 4.0 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2, left ventricular stroke work index 73 +/- 9 g.m.m-2) despite high pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (22 +/- 4 mm Hg). We conclude that the incidence of pulmonary edema in patients with severe preeclampsia who are treated with labetalol appears to be a result of an increase in third space fluid accumulation as a manifestation of the severity of their disease, not a direct effect of the drug on cardiac performance.
 ...
PMID:Does labetalol predispose to pulmonary edema in severe pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease? 964 12

A major consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is stroke. For stroke prevention in AF, the American Heart Association recommends aspirin, 325 mg/d, for low-risk patients. For all others, anticoagulation with warfarin to a target INR of 2 to 3 is recommended if warfarin is not contraindicated. Approximately 0.3% of patients receiving warfarin suffer intracranial hemorrhage. For restoration of sinus rhythm in recent AF, direct current cardioversion is the treatment of choice if a trial of antiarrhythmic drug therapy has failed or is contraindicated. Potential complications include thromboembolism, ventricular arrhythmia, and pulmonary edema. Permanent pacemakers can be used to control conduction disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome and to prevent paroxysmal AF. Radiofrequency AV nodal ablation provides symptomatic relief for some patients with chronic or paroxysmal AF. Surgical techniques are also being developed for AF. These include left atrial isolation and the corridor and maze procedures.
 ...
PMID:Atrial fibrillation: preventing thromboembolism and choosing nondrug therapies. 967 97

Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of seizures in pregnancy or within 10 days of delivery, accompanied by at least two of the following features documented within 24 hours of the seizure: hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia or raised aspartate amino transferase. Eclampsia complicates approximately one in 2,000 pregnancies in the United Kingdom and it remains one of the main causes of maternal death. Up to 38% of cases of eclampsia can occur without premonitory signs or symptoms of pre-eclampsia-that is, hypertension, proteinuria, and oedema. Only 38% of eclamptic seizures occur antepartum; 18% occur during labour and a further 44% occur postpartum. Rare cases of eclampsia have occurred over a week after delivery. Outcome is poor for mother and child. Almost one in 50 women suffering eclamptic seizures die, 23% will require ventilation and 35% will have at least one major complication including pulmonary oedema, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, HELLP syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, stroke, or cardiac arrest. Stillbirth or neonatal death occurs in approximately one in 14 cases of eclampsia. Up to one third of eclamptic seizures occur out of hospital. For this reason, initial management may involve accident and emergency departments. Early involvement of senior obstetric staff is crucial. Optimal emergency management of seizures, hypertension, fluid balance and subsequent safe transfer is essential to minimise morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Management of eclampsia in the accident and emergency department. 1065 82

The mainstay of the management of severe pre-eclampsia is early referral, stabilization of the mother with antihypertensive therapy and anticonvulsants if required, full assessment of the mother and the baby, and delivery on the best day in the best way. It is to be remembered that delivery is the long-term cure, but most women get worse after delivery and most maternal deaths occur postpartum. It is important that doctors have the training to be aware of the dangers of this condition, guidelines to follow and senior support. Lowering blood pressure has been associated with a reduction in the mortality from cerebrovascular accident and early use of antihypertensive agents is beneficial to both mother and baby. The main cause of death is now pulmonary oedema, with renal failure a rare complication. It is important that, after delivery, vigilance is maintained and fluid replacement is given with care. It is better to 'run them dry' than to give fluid replacement that may encourage pulmonary oedema. Followup is required with counselling about what has happened and the prospects of recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 1078 60

Carotid angioplasty and stenting to treat extracranial carotid stenosis is an alternative (as yet not widely accepted) to high-risk surgery, but its safety and efficacy are little known, especially in elderly patients. We reviewed our 3-year experience of treating 100 elderly patients (> 65 years old) considered to be inoperable (76 men, 24 women, mean age 76+/-10 years, mean follow-up 18+/-9.2 months) and present two case histories. Most (85%) were symptomatic (transient ischemic attacks in 60, stroke in 25); 80 had concomitant coronary artery disease (severe in 30 [defined by > 70% stenosis in two or more epicardial coronary arteries or the left main coronary artery]) and 25 had severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < or =20%). The procedure was technically successful in all patients; there was one major stroke and no patient died. Postprocedure, 15% had minor complications: reversible neurological deficit (5%), pulmonary edema (3%), prolonged hypotension (3%), vascular access complications (3%), and neck hematoma (1%). Over 90% of patients were discharged home within 24 hr.
 ...
PMID:Carotid stenting in patients older than 65 years with inoperable carotid artery disease: a single-center experience. 1081 71

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent adverse event after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may negatively affect the early clinical outcome. We sought to investigate the risk factors, prevalence, and prognostic implications of postoperative AF in patients submitted to CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump). The study population comprised 969 patients, 645 men (67%) and 324 women (33%) who had off-pump CABG at the Washington Hospital Center from January 1987 to May 1999. Preoperative AF patients were excluded (n = 15). Two hundred six patients (age 69 +/- 10 years, 137 men [66%]) developed AF, whereas 763 patients (age 61 +/- 12 years, 508 men [67%]) did not. Predictors of AF included age >75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9 to 4.5; p <0.001), history of stroke (OR 2.1, CI 1.2 to 3.7; p = 0. 007), postoperative pleural effusion requiring thoracentesis (OR 3.2, CI 1.0 to 9.4; p = 0.03), and postoperative pulmonary edema (OR 5.1, CI 1.2 to 21; p = 0.02). Minimally invasive direct CABG was associated with a lower incidence of AF (OR 0.4, CI 0.3 to 0.7; p <0. 001). AF was associated with a prolonged postoperative hospital stay (9 +/- 6 days AF vs 6 +/- 5 days no AF, p <0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in AF patients (3% AF vs 1% no AF, p = 0.009). Patients with persistent AF had a higher postoperative in-hospital stroke rate than patients without persistent AF (9% vs 0. 6%, p <0.001). AF after beating heart surgery is associated with a higher in-hospital morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. A minimally invasive surgical approach (minimally invasive direct CABG) is associated with a lower risk of AF.
 ...
PMID:Atrial fibrillation after beating heart surgery. 1086 94

Status epilepticus is common and associated with significant mortality and complications. It affects approximately 50 patients per 100,000 population annually and recurs in >13%. History of epilepsy is the strongest single risk factor for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. More than 15% of patients with epilepsy have at least one episode of status epilepticus and low antiepileptic drug levels are a potentially modifiable risk factor. Other risks include young age, genetic predisposition, and acquired brain insults. Fever is a very common risk in children, as is stroke in adults. Mortality rates are 15% to 20% in adults and 3% to 15% in children. Acute complications result from hyperthermia, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiovascular collapse. Long-term complications include epilepsy (20% to 40%), encephalopathy (6% to 15%), and focal neurologic deficits (9% to 11%). Neuronal injury leading to temporal lobe epilepsy is probably mediated by excess excitation via activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors and consequent elevated intracellular calcium that causes acute necrosis and delayed apoptotic cell death. Some forms of nonconvulsive status epilepticus may also lead to neuronal injury by this mechanism, but others may not. Based on clinical and experimental observations, complex partial status epilepticus is more likely to result in neuronal injury similar to generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Absence status epilepticus is much less likely to result in neuronal injury, and complications because it may be mediated primarily through excess inhibition. Future research strategies to prevent complications of status epilepticus include the study of new drugs (including NMDA antagonists, new drug delivery systems, and drug combinations) to stop seizure activity and prevent acute and delayed neuronal injury that leads to the development of epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Status epilepticus: risk factors and complications. 1088 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>