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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report 6 cases of acute respiratory failure complicating chronic bronchial and lung disease admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of: heart disease, 3 cases, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, atrial flutter; status asthmaticus : one case; neuro-psychiatric disease : 2 cases (toxic coma and agitation). The authors emphasize the frequency of chronic bronchial disease and recall the signs of acute decompensation discussing the possible difficulties in diagnosis and the therapeutic implications.
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PMID:[Deceptive and revealing clinical forms of acute respiratory insufficience in chronic bronchopneumopathies]. 19 94

There is evidence from pediatric tertiary care centers in the United States that childhood deaths from asthma in hospitalized patients are becoming increasingly rare, while asthma mortality outside the hospital appears to be on the rise. When a young outpatient with asthma dies, the event is apt to be sudden and unanticipated and the victim is likely to be a preadolescent or adolescent who has suffered from asthma most of his or her life and who, despite ongoing bronchodilator therapy, requires hospitalizations for treatment of status asthmaticus. Patients in this age cohort have a strong tendency to underuse, overuse, or neglect to use prescribed medications, possibly as a gesture of emerging independence or because of the depression engendered by a chronic illness. In some instances serious psychosocial pathology accounts for noncompliance. For a patient with chronic asthma with a high-risk profile, any departure from an ongoing treatment regimen may result in respiratory failure. Pathologic complications of asthma may also act to upset the precarious physiologic equilibrium these patients have established. Unsuspected chronic pneumonia may lead to further increases in a chronically high degree of oxygen desaturation. Hypoxic seizures during an asthma attack may precipitate pulmonary edema. Tension pneumothorax has an even greater fatality potential for high-risk patients with asthma than it has for other patients with asthma, and pulmonary hypertension with cor pulmonale may develop because of chronic hypoxia. Some sudden deaths in children with chronic, severe asthma are unassociated with any of the above, making it necessary to entertain still other hypotheses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An analysis of fifteen childhood asthma fatalities. 362

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV), i.e. without tracheal intubation, has been reintroduced for the treatment of respiratory failure to reduce the complications of mechanical ventilation. Nowadays, NIV with positive pressure is the preferred method, applied through a mask held in place by a harness. Several masks can be used (nasal, bucconasal facial) and a variety of means can be used to keep them in place. Many respirators can be selected, ranging from those traditionally used in the intensive care unit(ICU) to specific NV respirators and conventional ICU respirators with specific software for NIV. Many respiratory modalities can be used according to the respirator (biphasic positive airway pressure [BIPAP], proportional assist ventilation, pressure support, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation [SIMV], etc.). NIV is mainly indicated in exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure: neuromuscular diseases, pretransplantation cystic fibrosis, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. It is also indicated in acute respiratory failure: pneumonia, status asthmaticus, and acute lung edema. The main contraindications are a weakened airway protection reflex(absent cough reflex) and hemodynamic instabiity. The advantages of NIV derive mainly from avoiding the complications associated with invasive ventilation. NIV also presents some disadvantages, especially the greater workload involved to ensure good patient adaptation to the respirator. The most common sequelae of NIV are skin lesions due to pressure on the nasal bridge.
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PMID:[Mechanical ventilation in pediatrics (III). Weaning, complications and other types of ventilation. Noninvasive ventilation]. 1456 42

The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing acute respiratory failure and pathogenesis according to literature and clinical findings in critically ill patients. The term "respiratory failure" implies the inability to maintain either the normal delivery of oxygen to tissues and release or the normal removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues. There are many patients suffering from acute respiratory failure caused by nosocomial pneumonia, septic syndrome, aspiration, interstitial or alveolar lung edema, thromboembolism of a. pulmonalis, polytrauma and lung contusion, acute respiratory distress syndrome, long-term mechanical ventilation of the lungs, acute lung injury, status asthmaticus, rather massive transfusions of blood products, and lipid embolism in the intensive care unit. There are actually three processes involved: the transfer of oxygen across the alveolus, the transport to the tissues (by cardiac output), and the removal of carbon dioxide from blood into the alveolus with subsequent exhalation into the environment. Failure of any step in this process can lead to respiratory failure. Long-term hypoxia causes ischemic changes and dysfunction of brain, heart, kidney, lungs and can worsen the course of disease or cause higher mortality. It is important to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms of acute respiratory failure, estimate the main parameters and their interrelations and prescribe proper treatment.
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PMID:[Etiology and pathogenesis of acute respiratory failure]. 1506 52

The aim of this study was to determine diagnosis and factors influencing acute respiratory failure and nosocomial pneumonia according to literature and clinical findings in critically ill patients. The term "respiratory failure" implies the inability to maintain either normal delivery of oxygen to tissues or normal removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues. There are many patients suffering from acute respiratory failure caused by nosocomial pneumonia, septic syndrome, aspiration, interstitial or alveolar lung edema, thromboembolism of a. pulmonalis, polytrauma and contusion of the lungs, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, status asthmaticus, rather massive transfusions of blood products, and lipid embolism in the intensive care unit. There are actually three processes involved: transfer of oxygen across the alveolus, transport to the tissues (by cardiac output), and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveolus with subsequent exhalation into the environment. Failure of any step in this process can lead to respiratory failure. Long-term hypoxia causes ischemic changes and dysfunction of brain, heart, kidney, lungs and can worsen the outcome of disease or can cause higher mortality.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of acute respiratory failure and nosocomial pneumonia]. 1554 15