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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 200 young patients with apparently idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax, the following radiologic features were analyzed: degree of collapse on the initial chest film, areas of atelectasis, and presence of blebs, apical opacities, fibrous adhesions, pleural effusions, and controlateral shift of mediastinal structures. Confrontation of apical changes with pathologic findings in operative specimens suggests that mesothelial rupture with reactive hyperplasia results in a "pneumatization chamber" visible as a bullous image. Following drainage, homolateral shifts of mediastinum and four cases of pulmonary edema were recorded. Risk factors for pulmonary edema include severe pulmonary collapse with areas of atelectasis, persisting for more than 48 hours and an aspiration which either exceeded 1.5 l. of air or was performed with a depression of more than 30 cm of water.
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PMID:[Radiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in young patients. Apropos of 200 cases]. 632 55

We retrospectively surveyed records of 153 patients with croup or epiglottitis. Thirty-four children required intubation of the trachea to relieve upper airway obstruction. In those requiring intubation, pulmonary edema occurred in four (12%) of 34. Review of 17 previously reported cases, along with our patients, demonstrated that onset of pulmonary edema due to upper airway obstruction usually follows intubation. A PaO2 below 50 mm Hg is observed in 38% and pneumothorax in 24% of all reported cases. Supplemental oxygen, positive end-expiratory pressure, mechanical ventilation, and chest tube drainage have prevented death despite these life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema associated with upper airway obstruction. 636 33

All the 79 (7.4%) complications of 1066 fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed under standardized topical anaesthesia in in- and outpatients were analyzed retrospectively. With the 4.9 mm bronchoscope the transnasal route was possible in all cases, and with the 6.0 mm bronchoscope in 92%. There were no deaths and no major complications, with the exception of one tension-pneumothorax, one pneumonia, one pulmonary edema and one 500 ml hemorrhage. The most frequent complications were minor hemorrhages (4.1%) which occurred mainly after biopsies and were rarely recognized by the patients. laryngospasms (1.5%) and bronchospasms (1.4%). The rate of complications was higher in patients with a FEV1 of less than 60% predicted (p = 0.02) and in patients with a pO2 below 50 mm Hg (p = 0.06). We recommend the administration of oxygen during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Fever within 36 hours after bronchoscopy was observed in 12% and subsided without antibiotic therapy. In the light of these risks, patients should be informed prior to the procedure of the possible occurrence of shortness of breath, hemorrhage and fever.
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PMID:[How bothersome is fiber bronchoscopy under local anesthesia?]. 651 66

Unilateral pulmonary edema has been associated with a variety of clinical disorders including post re-expansion of a pneumothorax. We present a case of unilateral pulmonary edema following chest tube drainage of a spontaneous pneumothorax. A literature review of this complication is reported, the pathophysiology explored and therapeutic measures examined.
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PMID:Unilateral pulmonary edema after drainage of a spontaneous pneumothorax: case report and review of the world literature. 668 13

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common disorder that is easily recognized and treated. Occasionally reexpansion of the collapsed lung is complicated by unilateral pulmonary edema, heralded by tachypnea, unilateral rales, and profuse expectoration of frothy secretions within several hours of reexpansion. Severe morbidity and death may result. Increased duration of pneumothorax and the use of suction are important factors in the generation of reexpansion pulmonary edema. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability rather than hydrostatic transudation is believed to underlie its development. For patients with pneumothorax of prolonged duration close observation in an intensive care unit for 24 hours after evacuation of air and the routine use of supplemental oxygen during and after lung reexpansion seem indicated.
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PMID:Reexpansion pulmonary edema after pneumothorax. 670 18

A review of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) between 1977 and 1979 was undertaken to identify areas of strength 1977 and 1979 was undertaken to identify areas of strength and areas of weakness. Fifty patients with a total of 58 pneumothoraces were identified, and their charts were reviewed. Fifty-one pneumothoraces were classified as primary or idiopathic, and seven were secondary to parenchymal disease. Problem areas that were identified included failure to consider catamenial pneumothorax in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax and failure to recognize reexpansion pulmonary edema as a complication of treatment.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax. Special considerations. 684 57

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) due to pneumothorax aspiration can lead to a fatal outcome, as in the case reported, the chronic nutritional deficiency and hypoproteinemia that it provokes probably playing a contributing role. Pathogenesis and factors affecting prognosis of RPE are discussed. These include the duration of the pulmonary collapse, though this is not an essential factor, the alterations in alveolar surfactant activity possibly related to the chronicity of the collapse, and the abruptness of aspiration which is, in contrast, a determining mechanical factor. Finally, the hypoproteinemia present in certain cases could facilitate fluid extravasation towards the alveolus. It is concluded that aspiration should be a gentle procedure in all cases, and should be conducted with extreme caution in the presence of hypoproteinemia.
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PMID:[Re-expansion pulmonary edema after iatrogenic pneumothorax. A propos of 1 case]. 686 92

Two patients who developed the rare phenomenon of unilateral pulmonary edema after expansion of their spontaneous pneumothoraces are described. The edema occurs mostly in patients who have had symptoms of pneumothorax for at least 3 days and its pathophysiology may be due to decrease in surfactant activity and changes in the alveolar-capillary basement membrane. Precautions to minimize the severity of this potentially lethal complication are stressed.
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PMID:Unilateral pulmonary edema following spontaneous pneumothorax. 689 73

Radiographic changes with ARDS are similar to alveolar pulmonary edema in the typical case, although early changes may also be nodular in a small number of cases. These may last about 4 days. Following early alveolar changes the later ARDS findings evolve into a diffuse interstitial pattern, and if the patient survives without complications, the chest x-ray may eventually clear completely. PEEP therapy may cause no x-ray changes or may manifest an apparent hyperinflation appearance to the chest x-ray. PEEP may result in barotrauma changes to the lungs manifested by vesicular rarefactions, lucent lines streaking toward the hilus, radiolucent halos around vessels, pneumatocele formation, and subpleural emphysema manifested by blebs or lucent lines on the chest x-ray. Barotrauma pulmonary changes preceded more serious complications such as pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and extrathoracic gas collection.
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PMID:Radiologic considerations in the adult respiratory distress syndrome treated wih positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). 704 89

Atelectasis, pulmonary edema, fibrosis, pneumothorax, and mucous plug airway obstruction all result in reduced lung volume. The oxygen (O2) wash-in method provides a way to monitor routinely the functional residual capacity (FRC) in the ICU without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator and without additional personnel or instrumentation. This method is a modification of an open-circuit nitrogen (N2) wash-out procedure and requires a computer-based respiratory monitoring system with a fast response O2 analyzer and respiratory flowmeter. FRC is computed after a 20% or greater change in the ventilator FIO2 setting. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method were evaluated using artificial lungs, normal subjects, and postcardiac surgery patients. FRC estimates by O2 wash-in and helium dilution were highly correlated, with r = 0.97 and a regression slope and zero intercept of 1.06 and -0.13, respectively. The FRC difference between 23 repeated trials in 18 postcardiac surgery patients was 70 +/- 160 ml (mean +/- SD).
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PMID:Oxygen wash-in method for monitoring functional residual capacity. 709 1


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