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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Compared with open procedures, laparoscopic surgery is safe with a low incidence of complications. In rare circumstances, however, intraoperative complications such as acute pulmonary edema have been reported. The patient described herein is a 59-year-old woman with obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiomegaly immediately following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She required emergent reintubation, diuresis, and admission to the intensive care unit for postoperative mechanical ventilation. Potential causes of pulmonary edema associated with laparoscopic surgery (extreme Trendelenburg position, venous carbon dioxide embolism, absorption of crystalloid irrigation fluid, cardiopulmonary disease, adverse drug reactions, negative pressure [postobstructive pulmonary edema]) were considered. A process of exclusion revealed that the hemodynamic changes induced by insufflation with an intra-abdominal pressure of 20 mm Hg were the most likely causes of the CHF. Suggestions to prevent occurrence of CHF are tight control of hemodynamics with use of invasive monitoring in high-risk patients and gentle, slow insufflation of the abdomen to an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg or less. Intraoperative and/or postoperative CHF should be treated with diuretics, intravenous nitroglycerin, arterial vasodilators, and/or inotropic agents as needed.
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PMID:Acute congestive heart failure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report. 1277 45

The pathophysiology of upper-airway obstruction (UAO) is complex. Possible causes of UAO that may lead to acute respiratory failure, are as follows: infections like acute epiglottitis and croup, obstructing tumors in the base of the tongue, larynx or hypopharynx, aspirated food or liquid contents, obesity and anatomical variations. Management changes according to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In patients with severe carbon dioxide retention or apnea, emergency endotracheal intubation must be carried out. Hereby, we describe a 23-year-old patient with susceptible upper-airway anatomy and UAO occurred following an upper respiratory infection and complicated with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema. Our patient seems to be one of the complicated UAO cases, with an unusual but critical clinical presentation, evaluated in a wide spectrum and nicely returned to life.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension and acute pulmonary edema in a 23-year-old male with a history of an upper respiratory tract infection. 1576 90

A 57-year-old obese female presented with vagal and hypoglossal nerve pareses, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed Chiari malformation type I. Standard surgical treatment for Chiari malformation type I was successfully performed. However, immediately after the patient was extubated, she developed signs of upper airway obstruction and chest radiography revealed pulmonary edema. Her ventilation was assisted by maintaining positive end-expiratory pressure at 8 cmH2O. Intravenous furosemide and hydrocortisone were administered. Her respiratory status improved 12 hours later, and she was extubated 3 days after the operation. Postextubational course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 2 weeks after extubation. The initial neurological deficits had mostly disappeared by 10 months after the operation. This unusual case of negative pressure pulmonary edema indicates that obesity and lower cranial nerve paresis are further risk factors for pulmonary edema as a postextubational complication of surgical treatment.
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PMID:Negative pressure pulmonary edema following foramen magnum decompression for Chiari malformation type I. 1836 62

Coronary heart disease is the principal cause of death in the industrialized world. Its most serious expression, acute myocardial infarction, causes 7.2 million deaths each year worldwide, and it is estimated that 20% of all people will suffer heart failure in the course of their lifetime. The control of risk cardiovascular factors, including arterial hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus is the best way to prevent such diseases. The most frequent and serious cardiovascular emergencies that can manifest during dental treatment are chest pain (as a symptom of underlying disease) and acute lung edema. Due to the high prevalence and seriousness of these problems, the dental surgeon must be aware of them and should be able to act quickly and effectively in the case of an acute cardiovascular event. In patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, attention must center on the control of pain, the reduction of stress, and the use or avoidance of a vasoconstrictor in dental anesthesia. In turn, caution is required in relation to the antiplatelet, anticoagulant and antihypertensive medication typically used by such patients.
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PMID:Cardiovascular diseases in dental practice. Practical considerations. 1844 13

A 24-year-old adult with a Down syndrome was admitted in December 2006 at the Moutiers hospital in the French Alps for an acute inaugural episode of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) that occurred in the early morning of day 3 after his arrival to La Plagne (2000 m). This patient presented an interventricular septal defect operated on at the age of 7, a hypothyroidism controlled by 50 microg levothyrox, a state of obesity (BMI 37.8 kg/m(2)), and obstructive sleep apneas with a mean of 42 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour, treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The patient refused to use his CPAP during his stay in La Plagne. At echocardiography, resting parameters were normal, with a left ventricular, ejection fraction of 60%, a normokinetic right ventricle, and an estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) of 30 mmHg. At exercise, sPAP rose to 45 mmHg and the right ventricle was still normokinetic and not dilated. An exercise hypoxic tolerance test performed at 60 W and at the equivalent altitude of 3300 m revealed a severe drop in arterial oxygen saturation down to 60%, with an abnormal low ventilatory response to hypoxia, suggesting a defect in peripheral chemosensitivity to hypoxia. In conclusion, patients with Down syndrome, including adults with no cardiac dysfunction and regular physical activity, are at risk of HAPE even at moderate altitude when they suffer from obstructive sleep apneas associated with obesity and low chemoresponsiveness. This observation might be of importance since an increasing number of young adults with Down syndrome participate in recreational or sport activities, including skiing and mountaineering.
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PMID:High altitude pulmonary edema, down syndrome, and obstructive sleep apneas. 1857 49

We report the pathological and virological findings of the first autopsy case of the 2009 pandemic influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus infection in Japan. A man aged 33 years with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, mild diabetes mellitus, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and obesity died of respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Macroscopic examination showed severe pulmonary edema and microscopically the lung sections showed very early exudative-stage diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Immunohistochemistry revealed proliferation of the influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus in alveolar epithelial cells, some of which expressed SAalpha2-3Gal on the cell surface. Influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus genomic RNA and mRNA were also detected in alveolar epithelial cells. Real-time PCR revealed 723 copies/cell in the left lower lung section from which the influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus was isolated. Electron microscopic analysis revealed filamentous viral particles in the lung tissue. The concentrations of various cytokines/chemokines in the serum and the autopsied lung tissue were measured. IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-alpha, MCP-1, and MIG levels were elevated in both. These findings indicated a case of viral pneumonia caused by influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus infection, showing characteristic pathological findings of the early stage of DAD.
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PMID:The first autopsy case of pandemic influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus infection in Japan: detection of a high copy number of the virus in type II alveolar epithelial cells by pathological and virological examination. 2009 68

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are the most frequent endocrine-metabolic diseases in the world and their pathogenic basis are characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects that can be demonstrated through several alterations in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein metabolism. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have been identified as key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism, because they act as transcription factors that stimulate protein synthesis in a wide variety of processes (energetic metabolism, proliferation, and cellular differentiation), of which have been identified 3 types (alpha, beta/delta, gamma). The thiazolidenediones are compounds that act as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma increasing the tissues sensibility (muscle, adiposity tissue, and liver) to the insulin action; that is why they are used nowadays in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs produce several of adverse effects, such as weight increased, edema, anemia, pulmonary edema, and congestive cardiac failure. Even their use have been related for some studies to an increased in the myocardium infarct risk; this correlation has not been a strong determinant to remove them from the market.
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PMID:PPAR-gamma agonists and their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus management. 2021 8

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disorder with uncertain nosology that usually presents early in life. The syndrome is characterized by ventilatory response impairment to carbon dioxide and may result in respiratory failure at birth. Recent reports have identified a similar clinical presentation beyond infancy called late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome (LO-CHS) as a disease continuum of CCHS with similar and overlapping pathophysiology. However, some have proposed that the syndrome accompanied by hypothalamic dysfunction (HD) be classified as a distinct clinical entity, LO-CHS/HD. To the best of our knowledge, the case reported herein is the oldest case of LO-CHS/HD in childhood, at 13 years old. He suffered from recurrent pulmonary edema, acute convulsive seizures, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance test, and hypercapnia, diagnosed as LO-CHS/HD, and was successfully treated with nasal bi-level positive airway pressure.
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PMID:A case of late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome with hypothalamic dysfunction: through a new phenotype. 2056 Feb 60

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become the standard of care for most patients with ventilatory failure due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In all but a small minority, even of the very sickest, there is little to be lost by at least a short trial of NIV. In patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, NIV results in a more rapid physiological improvement and resolution of dyspnoea, but the benefits in terms of survival have been called into question by two recent randomised controlled trials. There are no randomised controlled trials of NIV in patients with acute ventilatory failure due to obesity but the outcome from invasive ventilation is poor and the results of NIV encouraging. Finally, NIV may have a role during the transition from active care, aimed to extend life, to palliative care.
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PMID:Non-invasive ventilation: established and expanding roles. 2152 97

For the first time, obesity appeared as a risk factor for developing severe 2009 pandemic influenza infection. Given the increase in obesity, there is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes in this population. In these studies, we examined the severity of pandemic influenza virus in obese mice and evaluated antiviral effectiveness. We found that genetically and diet-induced obese mice challenged with either 2009 influenza A virus subtype H1N1 or 1968 subtype H3N2 strains were more likely to have increased mortality and lung pathology associated with impaired wound repair and subsequent pulmonary edema. Antiviral treatment with oseltamivir enhanced survival of obese mice. Overall, these studies demonstrate that impaired wound lung repair in the lungs of obese animals may result in severe influenza virus infection. Alternative approaches to prevention and control of influenza may be needed in the setting of obesity.
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PMID:Impaired wound healing predisposes obese mice to severe influenza virus infection. 2214 97


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