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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical classification and characteristics of various types of plateau sickness were reported after analysing 13,403 such cases in Tibet region. The conception of plateau sickness and the opinion of its classification in China and abroad were discussed and the names suggested for various types of the disease were also given. However, the rationality of different classifications of the sickness was questioned according to the present understanding of its pathology and clinical manifestations. It is the opinion of the authors to divide this sickness, first of all, into two categories of acute and chronic and then to subdivide each of them into several types according to clinical symptoms and the pathological changes of principally encroached organs. The acute category was subdivided into 4 types as follows: 1. high altitude acute response (HAAR); 2. high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE); 3. high altitude cerebral edema (HACE); 4. high altitude children cardiopathy (HACC). The chronic category was subdivided into 5 types as follows: 1. high altitude chronic response (HACR); 2. high altitude erythoblastosis (HAEb); 3. high altitude adult cardiopathy (HAAC); 4. high altitude hypertension (HAHyper); 5. high altitude hypotension (HAHypo). This classification is useful in clinical practice and research.
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PMID:[Clinical classification of altitude sickness: analysis of 13,403 cases]. 240 Nov 67

During a 12-year period, 254 cases of eclampsia were managed at this center. Eighty patients (32%) did not have edema, 58 (23%) had "relative hypertension," and 49 (19%) did not have proteinuria at the time of convulsions. Eclampsia developed at less than or equal to 20 weeks in 6 patients and beyond 48 hours post partum in 40 (16%). Convulsions developed in 33 while they were receiving standard doses of magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia during or after birth, and subsequent seizures developed in 36 (14%) after magnesium sulfate therapy was started. There was one maternal death (0.4%) and morbidity was frequent (acute renal failure, 4.7%; pulmonary edema, 4.3%; cardiorespiratory arrest, 3.1%; and aspiration, 2%. The use of multiple drug therapy was associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications. The total perinatal mortality was 11.8%, with the majority of them related to either abruptio placentae or extreme prematurity. These findings emphasize the need for intensive monitoring of women with preeclampsia throughout hospitalization and underscore the importance of maternal stabilization before and during transfer.
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PMID:Eclampsia. VI. Maternal-perinatal outcome in 254 consecutive cases. 240 30

Cadmium is a highly toxic element that is cumulative and has a long biological half-life in mammals. The severe toxicity of cadmium in man has been known for more than 100 years. Despite the knowledge that cadmium is toxic, only 20 human cases of poisoning via ingestion were recorded prior to 1941, whereas in the ensuing five-year period more than 680 cases of cadmium poisonings from accidental oral ingestion of this metal were documented. Some of the recorded effects of exposure to cadmium in laboratory animals include renal tubular damage, placental and testicular necrosis, structural and functional liver damage, osteomalacia, testicular tumors, teratogenic malformations, anemia, hypertension, pulmonary edema, chronic pulmonary emphysema, and induced deficiencies of iron, copper, and zinc. Some of these effects have also been observed in human after accidental exposures to cadmium oxide fumes and are characteristic of the syndrome described in Japan as Itai Itai disease in which ingestion of cadmium is the inciting chemical.
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PMID:Cadmium inhalation and male reproductive toxicity. 240 89

We determined the effect of a body burn on pulmonary function. Full-thickness burns varying in size from 25 to 70% of total body surface (TBS), were produced in sheep. Resuscitation was performed with lactated Ringer's. We noted an increase in lung transvascular fluid flux as measured by lymph flow, Q1, during the resuscitation period, varying from one- to threefold over baseline with the degree of increase directly proportional to the burn size. The increase in QL could be totally explained by the degree of hypoproteinemia which was also proportional to burn size. Transient pulmonary hypertension 20 +/- 4 to 26 +/- 5 mm Hg and a decrease in PaO2 from 90 +/- 5 to 83 +/- 6 torr occurred in the 50 and 70% burns as well as a significant decrease in lung compliance. These alterations were not due to pulmonary edema as there was no increase in measured lung water. Also, the increase in QL could be prevented by using a combination of Dextran and protein for resuscitation but this had no effect on the hypertension or hypoxia. Burn lymph and venous plasma thromboxane levels were increased during this period of lung dysfunction. Ibuprofen 12.5 mg/kg preburn and 12.5 mg/kg every 2 hours postburn decreased the degree of dysfunction suggesting a cause and effect relationship.
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PMID:Early lung dysfunction after major burns: role of edema and vasoactive mediators. 241 27

The most important component of the renal-body fluid feedback is renal pressure natriuresis which through sodium and water excretion stabilizes arterial pressure. The chronic effects of angiotensin II in regulating the pressure natriuresis was studied in dogs by the Guyton school. Renal perfusion was either permitted to increase or was maintained constant with a servo-controlled occluder placed on the abdominal aorta just above the kidneys. When the renal pressure was allowed to increase, sodium excretion was reduced for a day and after 4-5 days there was little net change in sodium balance and arterial pressure stabilized at about 30 mm Hg above control. In the servo-controlled renal perfusion, escape from sodium retention did not occur, arterial pressure continued to rise, and pulmonary edema developed. Angiotensin II, by its hemodynamic and tubular effects, modulates renal sodium and water excretion and has an important role in blood pressure regulation. Antibodies to renin and converting enzyme inhibitors showed a causal relationship between the stimulated renin-angiotensin system and the antihypertensive effect of these agents. Chronic effects are observed in hypertensive patients with normal or even low plasma renin activity. This suggests that local angiotensin concentrations in the vascular and renin tissues may be more important in determining sodium and water excretion. Our knowledge of the renin-angiotensin system in regulating blood pressure made the usage of converting enzyme inhibitors a logical and efficacious modality in the therapy of hypertension. In a multicenter study of 202 hypertensive patients, the efficacy and safety of ramipril and enalapril was studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The renin-angiotensin system, the kidney, and hypertension. 247 96

We compared the ability of three aerosolized tracers to discriminate among control, lung inflation with a positive end expired pressure of 10 cmH2O, lung vascular hypertension and edema without lung injury, and lung edema with lung injury due to intravenous oleic acid. The tracers were 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA, mol wt 492), 99mTc-human serum albumin (99mTc-ALB, mol wt 69,000), and 99mTc-aggregated albumin (99mTc-AGG ALB, mol wt 383,000). 99mTc-DTPA clearance measurements were not able to discriminate lung injury from lung inflation. The 99mTc-AGG ALB clearance rate was unchanged by lung inflation and increased slightly with lung injury. The 99mTc-ALB clearance rate (0.06 +/- 0.02%/min) was unchanged by lung inflation (0.09 +/- 0.02%/min, P greater than 0.05) or 4 h of hypertension without injury (0.09 +/- 0.04%/min, P greater than 0.05). Deposition of 99mTc-ALB within 15 min of the administration of the oleic acid increased the clearance rate to 0.19 +/- 0.06%/min, which correlated well with the postmortem lung water volume (r = 0.92, P less than 0.01). This did not occur when there was a 60-min delay in the deposition of 99mTc-ALB. We conclude that 99mTc-ALB is the best indicator for studying the effects of lung epithelial injury on protein and fluid transport into and out of the air spaces of the lungs in a minimally invasive manner.
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PMID:Comparison of three tracers for detecting lung epithelial injury in anesthetized sheep. 250 Dec 80

The clinical features of an inner-city population of 304 patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI) with and without typical chest pain, were studied retrospectively. This population consisted of 172 men and 132 women; 155 (51%) were black, 88 (29%) hispanic, and 61 (20%) white, by self-identification. Typical ischemic chest pain was the presenting symptom in 85% (258); 15% (46) presented with nonchest symptoms, most frequently shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and dizziness. But the frequency of such nonchest symptoms was similar in both groups. When patients were grouped by the presence or absence of chest pain, the proportions of those without chest pain were significantly higher for blacks (22.7%) than hispanics (9.1%, P = 0.001) or whites (4.9%, P less than 0.01). Patients without chest pain also had higher admission systolic (P less than 0.01) and diastolic (P less than 0.01) blood pressures and more frequent histories of congestive heart failure (P less than 0.05), and more often presented with pulmonary edema (P = 0.001) than those with chest pain. Both groups were similar in age, sex, history of hypertension, and presence of hypertension on admission, defined as greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg, prevalence of diabetes, history of smoking, previous MI, type of MI, history of angina, and mortality rates. Patients without chest pain were characterized by black race, history of congestive heart failure, elevated blood pressure and pulmonary edema than those with typical ischemic chest pain. Thus significant delays in the diagnosis and treatment of this important clinical entity may be reduced by alerting clinicians to these features and by educating selected patient groups.
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PMID:Clinical features of patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with and without typical chest pain: an inner city experience. 252 Aug 50

A patient is described in whom renal arterial stenosis in a functionally solitary kidney led to arterial hypertension and high output cardiac failure. The pulmonary oedema was resistant to conventional drug therapy but showed prompt regression after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This case report demonstrates the usefulness of cardiac output measurement in selected patients presenting with hypertension and pulmonary oedema.
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PMID:Renal arterial stenosis as a cause of high output cardiac failure. 252 61

Rats were killed after 6 weeks of continuous ingestion of the pneumotoxic alkaloid monocrotaline (2.2 mg/kg/day), the neutrophil elastase inhibitor SC39026 (60 mg/kg/day), or both. Pulmonary reactions were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Lung endothelial function was monitored by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, plasminogen activator (PLA) activity, and prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA2) production. Lung hydroxyproline content was measured as an index of interstitial fibrosis. Cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy was determined by the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weight ratio (RV/LV + S). Rats receiving SC39026 alone did not differ significantly from untreated control animals with respect to any of the quantitative endpoints, although rarefaction of Type I pneumocytes was observed in the electron micrographs of these animals. Monocrotaline-treated rats, in contrast, developed a significant increase in RV/LV + S, and exhibited pulmonary edema, inflammation, fibrosis, and muscularization and occlusive mural thickening of the pulmonary small arteries and arterioles. These monocrotaline-induced structural changes were accompanied by decreased lung ACE and PLA activities, and increased PGI2 and TXA2 production, and by an increase in lung hydroxyproline content. Cotreatment with SC39026 ameliorated the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular wall thickening and the cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy. These data suggest that inappropriate neutrophil elastase activity contributes to monocrotaline pulmonary vasculopathy and hypertension. On the other hand, cotreatment with SC39026 had no significant effect on the severity of the monocrotaline-induced lung inflammatory reaction, the pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, or the increase in lung hydroxyproline content.
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PMID:Monocrotaline-induced cardiopulmonary injury in rats. Modification by the neutrophil elastase inhibitor SC39026. 254 80

The outcome is described for 106 patients with severe hypertension in pregnancy requiring delivery between 26 and 34 weeks. Management was with methyldopa, hydralazine when required and delivery by caesarean section when indicated. Most patients were delivered for cardiotocographic fetal distress or unstable maternal blood pressure. Eighty-five babies (80%) survived and were well at follow-up at 1 year; the perinatal mortality was 123/1000 total births. One patient had postpartum eclampsia, one had pulmonary oedema and one had transient renal failure, but all mothers left hospital well. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the primary positive factor for survival of a healthy baby was gestational age, which was strongly correlated with birthweight. The need for caesarean section as an emergency, hypotension after parenteral hydralazine, intrauterine growth retardation, and severe proteinuria were adverse factors. Intraventricular haemorrhage had a major adverse effect on neonatal survival; it was predisposed to by prolonged maternal hypertension and by low gestational age.
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PMID:Outcome of pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension and delivered before 34 weeks; stepwise logistic regression analysis of prognostic factors. 259 Jun 53


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