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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical signs and pathology in an outbreak of toxicity in feedlot cattle attributed to the ingestion of toxic levels of the ionophore antibiotic salinomycin over an extended period of 11 weeks are described. Thirty-nine out of 380 cattle developed signs consistent with cardiac failure and 8 of these died. Clinical signs included dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia and exercise intolerance. Two cattle were necropsied and in one there were macroscopic lesions suggestive of congestive heart failure, namely pulmonary oedema, hydrothorax and hepatomegaly. Histopathology revealed a chronic cardiomyopathy characterised principally by extensive myocardial fibre atrophy with multifocal hypertrophy and interstitial and replacement fibrosis. Hepatic and pulmonary lesions were consistent with those of congestive cardiac failure. The myocardial lesions in this outbreak were similar to those encountered in cases of a chronic toxicity associated with the ingestion of litter derived from poultry rations containing ionophores (ionophore-associated poultry litter toxicity). Hence, the clinical and pathological findings in this outbreak indicate that in cattle, the prolonged ingestion of ionophores over several weeks may result in the development of chronic myocardial lesions comparable to those of IAPLT but significantly different from those encountered in the more traditional acute outbreaks of ionophore toxicity as described in the literature.
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PMID:A chronic cardiomyopathy in feedlot cattle attributed to toxic levels of salinomycin in the feed. 878 18

Foucart (1875) and Ortner (1899) were the first to describe unilateral pulmonary edema as a complication of drainage of hydrothorax. Although various causes have been reported for this entity, it continues to be rare. We report a case of right unilateral pulmonary edema due to thrombosis of the superior pulmonary vein that was detected while a patient was in the recovery room after bilateral lobectomy for pulmonary tumors. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to pulmonary edema are discussed.
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PMID:[Unilateral post-bilobectomy pulmonary edema originating from thrombosis of the pulmonary vein]. 901 91

Application of a modern method of introscopy--electroimpedance tomography (EIT) for diagnosis of different types of lung diseases is described. The EIT system including measurement and collecting data devices, 16-electrodes array and IBM PC 486 computer was used. The results of analysis of electrotomograms have demonstrated that the EIT-system can be introduced for detecting abnormal lung fluid levels, pulmonary edema, diagnosis of lung cancer, emphysema, pleuritis, hydrothorax, sarcoidosis. The method provides high sensitivity to the changes in the body physiological state. Other advantages are: safety, fast measurements, ease of equipment transportation and maintenance, low cost.
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PMID:[Electrical impedance tomography in pulmonology]. 921 60

Nine cats and four guinea pigs became affected with severe disease during experiments on the infectivity of equine morbillivirus, a newly recognized cause of respiratory disease in horses and humans. Four of the cats were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation, two by intranasal installation, two by oral dosage, and one by direct contact with a cat previously infected by subcutaneous inoculation. All four guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously. Gross pathology seen in all affected cats was characterized by hydrothorax and dark, heavy, wet, congested and/or hemorrhagic lungs with froth sometimes found in the respiratory passages. Pulmonary lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous. Six cats also had congested ceca with accompanying edema of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologically, the lesions in the lungs of the cats were those of severe interstitial pneumonia characterized by serofibrinous alveolar edema, alveolar macrophages, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, thrombosis of small veins, alveolar wall necrosis, and syncytial cells. Clearly defined vascular lesions included intramural hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis and syncytial cells in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter. Vascular lesions accompanied by parenchymal degeneration were also seen in the gastrointestinal and lymphoid organs. Syncytial cells were also visible in the lymphoid tissues of lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. At necropsy, all guinea pigs were cyanosed and had congestion and edema in the gastrointestinal tract. Histologically, there was widespread vascular disease in arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter, in many organs such as the lungs, kidneys, spleens, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tracts, and skeletal and intercostal muscles, but there was no severe pulmonary edema as seen in horses and cats. Sections of tissues of the cats and guinea pigs, examined by indirect immunocytochemical stains, confirmed that the vascular damage was associated with the presence of equine morbillivirus antigen. The syncytia in small blood vessels in the lungs and other organs of both cats and guinea pigs were similar to those seen in horses, and their presence was interpreted as an important characteristic of the disease consistent with a reaction to a morbillivirus.
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PMID:The lesions of experimental equine morbillivirus disease in cats and guinea pigs. 924 Aug 41

The fumonisin B1 content of 69 visibly mouldy and 23 mould-free maize samples grown in Hungary in 1993-1995 was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fumonisin B1 was found to occur in 70-73% of the mouldy samples. The mycotoxin level increased from year to year: the highest fumonisin B1 concentration was 75.1 mg/kg. The samples that were mould-free on visual inspection showed a much lower prevalence of fumonisin B1 contamination (30%) and contained fumonisin B1 in markedly lower concentrations (average, 1.52 mg/kg; maximum concentration, 5.1 mg/kg). Using the Fusarium moniliforme strain designated 14/A, isolated from the sample that had the highest mycotoxin concentrations, fumonisin B1 toxin was produced on maize by an internationally accepted procedure. Subsequently, two weaned piglets were fed a diet containing 330 mg fumonisin B1 per kg of feed. The experimental animals developed hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, and died in 5-6 days. The clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were consistent with those of porcine pulmonary oedema (PPE) diagnosed in the USA in 1989-1990, as well as with those of a disease entity that had already been described in Hungary in the 1950s as the so-called fattening or unique pulmonary oedema of pigs but considered to be of unknown aetiology. The results of the feeding trial confirm that this pig disease, which has occurred in Hungary for a long time, is caused by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1.
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PMID:Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize and experimental acute fumonisin toxicosis in pigs. 958 11

A severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. There was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. Specific localization of EHV-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facilitated venereal shedding of virus in life. The case provided a unique opportunity to study hitherto undescribed aspects of the pathogenesis of naturally occurring EHV-1 infection in the male equine genital tract. Restriction digests of the isolate demonstrated a pattern similar to that of EHV-1 isolates previously recovered from aborted zebra and onager fetuses.
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PMID:Systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a Grevy's zebra stallion (Equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology. 983 10

To cast light on whether the carcinogenic risk of 2,6-dimethylaniline (DMA), a metabolite of xylazine, may increase by ingestion of edible tissues from domestic animals treated with xylazine, the following studies of xylazine and DMA were performed. In Experiment I, male F344 rats received a single oral administration of 150 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride. Rats showed symptoms suggesting loss of sensation and pain immediately after the treatment. These signs had disappeared after 3 hr, but the animals died of hydrothorax and pulmonary edema by 9 hr. The plasma concentration of xylazine was 2.88 +/- 0.95 micrograms/ml at 15 min, and then decreased to 0.10 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml at 6 hr. The plasma level of DMA remained at 0.03 to 0.04 microgram/ml during the measurement period. In Experiment II, male F344 rats were fed a diet containing 1000 ppm of xylazine hydrochloride, regarded as the maximum tolerated dose, for 4 weeks. No clear clinical signs were evident and the plasma levels of xylazine and DMA were at the detection limit (0.02 microgram/ml) or less, although follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid was observed in all the treated animals. In Experiment III, male F344 rats were fed a diet containing 3000 ppm or 300 ppm of DMA for 4 weeks. Histological changes, such as atrophy of Bowman's gland and irregular arrangement of olfactory epithelial cells, were only observed in the olfactory epithelium of the 3000 ppm group. The plasma levels of DMA were 0.20 to 0.36 microgram/ml in the 3000 ppm group, but under the detection limit in the 300 ppm group. These results suggest that the probability of nasal carcinogenic effects of DNA on consumers via ingestion of edible tissues from food-producing animals treated with xylazine is extremely low, since DMA levels in the blood of rats subjected to continuous administration of high doses of xylazine remained under the detection limit.
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PMID:Toxicity and blood concentrations of xylazine and its metabolite, 2,6-dimethylaniline, in rats after single or continuous oral administrations. 1084 88

Reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is an unusual complication of thoracentesis. Significant morbidity can result, and death is reported in 20% of cases. It is typically manifested as edema within a lung that has recently been reexpanded. Few reports document contralateral edema formation. We present a case of recurrent left-sided pulmonary edema after repeated drainage of a right-sided pleural effusion due to hepatic hydrothorax. We believe this is the first reported case of recurrence and only the fifth overall case of contralateral RPE. We also review the pathophysiology, treatment, and case reports of contralateral RPE. Physicians should be aware of the complications of thoracentesis, particularly RPE, given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with it.
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PMID:Contralateral reexpansion pulmonary edema. 1096 23

From 1994 to 1999, 16 captive African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), from among 42 necropsy cases, were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. The incidence of cardiomyopathy in this study population was 38%. Fourteen of 16 hedgehogs with cardiomyopathy were males and all hedgehogs were adult (>1 year old). Nine hedgehogs exhibited 1 or more of the following clinical signs before death: heart murmur, lethargy, icterus, moist rales, anorexia, dyspnea, dehydration, and weight loss. The remaining 7 hedgehogs died without premonitory clinical signs. Gross findings were cardiomegaly (6 cases), hepatomegaly (5 cases), pulmonary edema (5 cases), pulmonary congestion (4 cases), hydrothorax (3 cases), pulmonary infarct (1 case), renal infarcts (1 case), ascites (1 case), and 5 cases showed no changes. Histologic lesions were found mainly within the left ventricular myocardium and consisted primarily of myodegeneration, myonecrosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, and disarray of myofibers. All hedgehogs with cardiomyopathy had myocardial fibrosis, myocardial edema, or both. Other common histopathologic findings were acute and chronic passive congestion of the lungs, acute passive congestion of the liver, renal tubular necrosis, vascular thrombosis, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and hepatic lipidosis. This is the first report of cardiomyopathy in African hedgehogs.
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PMID:Cardiomyopathy in captive African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). 1102 39

In this study, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the effects of hydrothorax on the morphology of the air sac visceral mesothelium of Gallus domesticus. Anaesthetized chickens were subjected to acute hydrodynamic pulmonary oedema induced by expansion of the extracellular fluid volume with an infusion of Ringer's solution equal to 6.5% of body weight. Tissue samples from the visceral surface of the abdominal air sacs near their ostia were obtained and fixed after death induced by anaesthetic overdose. These were compared with similar samples from control "non-volume-loaded" birds. The air sac visceral mesothelium of the volume-loaded animals presented an increased density of bulbous or swollen microvilli. These deformations were similar to changes reported in the visceral pleura of mammals subjected to hydrothorax, suggesting a commonality with regard to the role of these mesothelia in liquid clearance during pulmonary oedema.
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PMID:Response of air sac mesothelium to expansion of extracellular fluid volume in Gallus domesticus. 1103 72


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