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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred twenty-five patients undergoing surgical correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous return were studied. The overall mortality was 37% and was related to age at the time operation was required. Mortality was 57% during the first year of life, 29% in patients between 13 and 24 months, and 15% in those between 2 and 10 years; no deaths occurred in those over 10 years. Mortality was highest in patients with infracardiac lesions (62%), and lowest in those with cardiac defects (30%). The major cause of death was pulmonary edema, and survival was closely related to the degree of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Surgical treatment should be delayed until at least 6 months of age, but the development of congestive heart failure may necessitate earlier operation.
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PMID:Total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Review of 125 patients treated surgically. 12 61

Clinical studies have long suggested the presence of a specific cardiomyopathy in sickle cell anemia secondary to intracoronary thrombosis and subsequent infarction. Fifty-two autopsy patients were studied (48 with SS hemoglobin, 4 with S-C or S-Thal hemoglobin) to ascertain the range of cardiac pathologic abnormalities associated with this disease. The average age was 17 years (range 1 month to 48 years). Renal failure and infection were the most common causes of death; the former was a more common cause in adults than in children. Right and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation were the most common abnormal pathologic findings. No evidence of recent or remote myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis or arteritis was noted in any patient. Eight patients who were studied with postmortem coronary arteriograms exhibited markedly increased coronary arterial caliber with no evidence of atherosclerosis. Seventeen of the 52 patients studied had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure before death. Of these 17 patients, 7 had moderate to severe left ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic renal failure and hypertension, 2 had right ventricular hypertrophy with organized pulmonary thrombosis, 2 had rheumatic mitral valve disease and 2 died during the second trimester of pregnancy. Two of the 17 patients thought to have pulmonary edema before death in fact had aspiration pneumonia and hemorrhagic pneumonitis, respectively. The data suggest that cardiac dysfunction in sickle cell anemia can usually be explained by the adverse effect of coexisting disease on the diminished cardiac reserve of chronic anemia. The data do not support the concept of a specific "sickle cell cardiomyopathy".
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PMID:Clinicopathologic analysis of cardiac dysfunction in 52 patients with sickle cell anemia. 15 Jul 86

Large volumes of normal saline were infused intravenously in 6 dogs until obvious pulmonary edema was observed radiographically. Following volume overload, statistically significant increases occurred in the size of the heart, left atrium, pulmonary arteries and veins, and systemic veins, without the development of congestive heart failure (CHF). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained normal, and cardiac output and stroke volume increased. The results suggest that, in the absence of left ventricular failure, acute volume overload may simulate the radiographic changes produced by CHF. Pulmonary edema may have occurred at least partly from a marked decrease in serum colloid osmotic pressure.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous fluid overload: radiologic manifestations. 15 36

The long-term results and the prognostic factors in aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis were assessed from a series of 249 operated cases (comprising 199 pure or dominant stenosis and 50 mixed aortic lesions) followed up for a maximal period of 9 years. The postoperative survival rate, 71% at 5 years, 62,6% at 8 years, including the operative mortality, is better than in a comparable series of pure chronic aortic incompetence (58% at 5 years) despite a higher average age. In the same age group the difference is significant at the 6th year. However, no difference was observed between mixed aortic disease and aortic stenosis. Irreversible myocardial dysfunction is relatively rare (6,6% of survivors at 1 month, 24% of poor results or late deaths) and much less common than in aortic incompetence of which it represents the main cause of failure. Even in these cases, prolonged symptomatic improvement may be observed. 3 prognostic factors affect the operative and late mortality. They act to variable degrees and independantly of each other. They are : age, cardiomegaly and heart failure. The actuarial 5 year survival is: 81,77% and 53% for under 50, 50 to 65 and over 65 years age group respectively; 88%, 78% and 48% for cardiothoracic ratios of less than 0,50, between 0,50 and 0,58 and greater than 0,58 respectively; 83%, 65% and 47% for patients without signs of heart failure, with a history of pulmonary oedema, and with a history of congestive cardiac failure respectively. These results encourage a liberal attitude towards surgery, even in old patients with severe valvular lesions.
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PMID:[Operated aortic stenosis. Evaluation of the long-term prognosis using clinical and hemodynamic parameters in a series of 249 cases]. 15 76

Serial chest x-rays were used as a means of evaluating the hemodynamic status of 43 patients in acute left ventricular power failure (LVPF) complicating acute myocardial infarction who were assisted with balloon pumping. The following findings were reported: 1. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, prediction of the hemodynamic status on the basis of chest x-rays is less reliable when severe LVPF is present as a complication. 2. The incidence and severity of roentgenographic findings of congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema are increased in patients with severe LVPF compared to patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. 3. Improvement in the roentgenographic degree of heart failure with positive clinical and hemodynamic responses to 24 hr or less of balloon pumping is an indication that patients in severe acute LVPF may survive. Patients with deteriorating or unchanging chest x-ray findings have an extremely poor prognosis. These patients should be evaluated by cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography to determine the appropriateness of emergency surgical correction.
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PMID:The chest x-ray in acute left ventricular power failure: an aid to determining prognosis of patients supported by intraaortic balloon pumping. 17 71

The acute effects of a triolein infusion in dogs were secondary to the mechanical effects of this neutral fat which was distributed in the pulmonary and systemic vascular tree of all organs without inflammatory change. Hypoxia developed immediately and became progressively worse as the infusion was continued. Pulmonary hypertension developed during the fat infusion without pneumonia, congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema. There was a slow leak of 14C triolein into the systemic circulation rather than a rapid shower, and this radioactive fat was recirculated between the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. Seventy-six per cent of the 14C triolein was retained in the lungs. Terminally, the dogs had a respiratory arrest without cardiac decompensation, cardiac arrest or pulmonary edema; cerebral fat embolism in addition to severe hypoxia appears to be the cause.
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PMID:Effects and distribution of acute fat embolism in spontaneously breathing dogs using radioactive carbon triolein. 24 Feb 11

1. As surgical techniques continue to improve, early diagnosis and early surgical intervention of APVCs become increasingly important. 2. For a thorough understanding of APVCs, normal development of the pulmonary veins and the embryological basis of these anomalies are briefly reviewed. 3. Radiologic signs and clinical implications of varying types of APVCs are illustrated. 4. TAPVCs are less frequent, but clinically more significant, than PAPVCs. 5. The symptomatology of TAPVC is directly related to (1) the degree of pulmonary venous obstruction, (2) the severity of CHF secondary to volume overload, and (3) the magnitude of pulmonary hypertension. Patients with PAPVC become symptomatic only when the left to right shunt is greater than 50%9 6. TAPVC to the LVV produces a pretracheal density on the lateral view prior to the appearance of snowman configuration on the postero-anterior view. TAPVC to the PV shows a combination of severe pulmonary edema and a normal-sized heart. 7. PAPVC may be diagnosed by visualization of the anomalous vein(s) in addition to the usual signs of an ASD (increased pulmonary blood flow plus right-sided cardiomegaly). 8. PAPVC is usually associated with an ASD. Scimitar syndrome is an exception to the rule. 9. The surgical repair of TAPV without obstruction is generally relatively simple because of the strong tendency for all of the pulmonary veins to converage into a common chamger. Emergency operation is the only hope for patients with TAPVC with obstruction. 10. The surgical treatment of PAPVC consists of reconstruction of the atrial septum; thus, the anomalous veins can be diverted into the left atrium. 11. Surgical correction of PAPVC prevents detrimental resection of the lung with normal pulmonary venous connection.
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PMID:Radiologic demonstration of anomalous pulmonary venous connection and its clinical significance. 38 59

During a 1 yr period, 19 infants less than 2 mo of age were fed intravenously with an infusate composed of glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and vitamins. The solution was infused at a rate of 200 ml/kg/day or more for periods ranging from 5-247 days. No central venous catheters were utilized; the solutions were always administered through a needle in a peripheral vein. Weight gains similar to those seen with other techniques of intravenous nutrition were observed in all of the patients studied. No instance of fluid overload in the form of pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, or congestive heart failure was seen, and osmotic diuresis was not observed because of the lower tonicity of the infusate. Phlebitis was seen in 1/5 of the infusions, but was reversed by stopping the infusion and applying warm soaks. Three cases of skin slough were observed and two of these healed spontaneously without the need of skin grafting. The advantages of this technique over central venous nutrition are the elimination of the complications related to the central venous catheter, namely, sepsis and superior vena cava thrombosis.
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PMID:Peripheral intravenous nutrition without fat in neonatal surgery. 40 75

The Authors consider the global evaluation of clinical and functional data in patients with the following radiological features: 1) X-ray thoracic aspects characterized by marked broncho-vascular bundles and diffusion of reticular nodulation as in diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis; 2) lack of ECG and clinical signs of heart failure. Since a reversibility of radiological alterations was considered a favourable reply to bleeding and diuretic acute and long term therapy the Authors suggest that these patterns should be related to a different distribution of hydric and haematic masses with a decreasing of interstitial pulmonary oedema which contributes to a full interlobar septa like "D" lines shadows, according to Kreel, (1975). The Authors, moreover, relate these clinical, functional and radiological aspects to the patterns of "wet lung" distinguished from the cardiac lung caused by congestive heart failure and from interstitial lung fibrosis.
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PMID:[Contribution to the study of "wet lung". Radiological and clinico-functional changes induced by depletion therapy in 5 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease]. 43 31

The renal response to left atrial balloon inflation in normal dogs was compared with that in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF was induced by the production of an aortocaval fistula below the level of the renal arteries. CHF dogs showed elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, enlarged hearts, a depression of myocardial contractility, pulmonary edema, ascites, and peripheral edema. They also showed significant decreases in urine flow, creatinine clearance, para-aminohippurate clearance, sodium and potassium excretion, fractional sodium excretion, osmolar clearance, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. Balloon distension of the left atrium evoked a significant increase in urine flow and free-water clearance in the normal group. The reflex nature of this response was indicated by its blockade after bilateral cervical vagotomy. In contrast, the CHF group did not exhibit significant changes in urine flow or free-water clearance during balloon inflation. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was significantly elevated in the CHF group; however, balloon distension reduced plasma ADH in both groups of dogs. Plasma renin activity was significantly elevated in the CHF dogs and was not changed by balloon distension in either group of dogs. It is concluded that animals with high-output CHF do not exhibit the atrial-diuretic reflex in spite of their ability to reduce ADH levels by atrial distension.
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PMID:Renal effects of left atrial distension in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure. 43 20


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