Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents are commonly used to treat glaucoma. Exacerbations of asthma and bronchospasm caused by topical beta-adrenergic ophthalmic preparations are well known. We describe a 67-year-old woman who had aspiration pneumonitis characterized by a nodular infiltrate in the right middle lobe of the lung and nocturnal coughing after beginning topical application of an ointment (Lacri-Lube) for treatment of xerophthalmia. Bronchial washing demonstrated lipid-laden pulmonary alveolar macrophages. After the use of Lacri-Lube was discontinued, her cough and the chest roentgenographic abnormality totally disappeared. We postulate that the topical ophthalmic preparation, which contains mineral oil and petrolatum, drained into the nasopharynx, trachea, and bronchial tree through the nasolacrimal duct and caused lipoid pneumonitis from aspiration of the oil contents. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary complications caused by Lacri-Lube. We briefly review the pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema, apnea from paralysis of respiratory muscles, bronchospasm from non-beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, and electrolyte abnormalities, attributable to topically and systemically administered ophthalmic medications.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications from ophthalmic preparations. 237 76

In this study, we report the case of a 48 year-old female patient showing a clinical picture after a month's evolution consisting of cough, moderate effort dyspnoea, asthenia, anorexia and loss of weight. One year before, she had been diagnosed with bronchial asthma and she had been treated for two years with policarpine collyrium for a glaucoma simplex. The exploration only showed the existence of iris synechias in the right eye and conjunctival hyperaemia on the same side, together with basal crepitant rales on auscultation. Once we had proved the existence of a peripheral eosinophilia superior to three thousand elements per mm3 and of peripheral pulmonary infiltrates with radiographic negative for pulmonary edema, the picture was included in the so-called P.I.E. syndrome whose various etiologies were discarded subsequently. Following a pharmacological survey, a study of parasites in faeces and cutaneous tests as well as provocative tests, the specific causes of P.I.E. were discarded. According to the transbronchial biopsy and the biopsies of skin, nerve and muscle, it was unlikely that the diagnosis would be granulomatosis and/or angiitis. No evidence was found of any of the affections in which P.I.E. is regarded as a minor component. In view of the above, we thought the correct diagnosis was chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, since all the characteristics defining this picture according to Carrington were fulfilled. The treatment was started with corticoids and a clear improvement of all clinical symptoms was observed, including the ocular findings and the disappearance of radiographic pulmonary infiltrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Apropos of a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia associated with iridocyclitis and bronchial asthma]. 383 34

Pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of glaucoma, produces a variety of ocular and systemic adverse reactions. Ocular side effects include miosis, accommodative spasm, frontal headaches, twitching lids, conjunctival injection, cataractous changes, allergic reactions, iris cysts, retinal detachment, increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, anterior chamber narrowing, and the potential for inducing an acute angle-closure attack. Systemic side effects include nausea, vomiting, tenesmus, abdominal spasm, salivation, lacrimation, sweating, pulmonary edema, and bronchial spasm. The systemic side effects can best be minimized initially through proper use of the medication and nasolacrimal occlusion. The Ocusert, a long-acting pilocarpine-incorporated ocular insert, is a recent advance in delivery technique that offers an adequate hypotensive action with fewer side effects. Pilopex is a promising new experimental pilocarpine polymer salt presently being studied in Israel. Photomydriasis, a process involving the use of a laser to enlarge miotic pupils also offers help for these patients. N-demethylated carbachol is a new parasympathomimetic drug currently under study for glaucoma therapy. Initial results show that it may have considerable ocular hypotensive action with fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Miotics: side effects and ways to avoid them. 707 Jul 79

A 73-year-old woman with cardiac dysfunction had several episodes of severe bradycardia and pulmonary oedema when waiting for peripheral vascular surgery. She used timolol eye drops for primary open-angle glaucoma. The first episode of pulmonary oedema occurred two weeks prior to and the second on the day before the planned surgery. There were another two episodes of pulmonary oedema before she was transferred to the Department of Internal Medicine where she had a further two episodes of cardiac failure. After changing timolol to pilocarpine eye drops, the patient's condition was stabilized, and two weeks later surgery and postoperative recovery were uneventful.
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PMID:Cardiac failure aggravated by timolol eye drops: preoperative improvement by changing to pilocarpine. 872 73

Chemical burns are associated with significant morbidity, especially anhydrous ammonia burns. Anhydrous ammonia is a colorless, pungent gas that is stored and transported under pressure in liquid form. A 28 year-old patient suffered 45% total body surface area of second and third degree burns as well as inhalational injury from an anhydrous ammonia explosion. Along with fluid resuscitation, the patient's body was scrubbed every 6 h with sterile water for the first 48 h to decrease the skin pH from 10 to 6-8. He subsequently underwent a total of seven wound debridements; initially with allograft and then autograft. On post burn day 45, he was discharged. The injuries associated with anhydrous ammonia burns are specific to the effects of ammonium hydroxide. Severity of symptoms and tissue damage produced is directly related to the concentration of hydroxyl ions. Liquefactive necrosis results in superficial to full-thickness tissue loss. The affinity of anhydrous ammonia and its byproducts for mucous membranes can result in hemoptysis, pharyngitis, pulmonary edema, and bronchiectasis. Ocular sequelae include iritis, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal atrophy. The desirability of treating anhydrous ammonia burns immediately cannot be overemphasized. Clothing must be removed quickly, and irrigation with water initiated at the scene and continued for the first 24 h. Resuscitative measures should be started as well as early debridement of nonviable skin. Patients with significant facial or pharyngeal burns should be intubated, and the eyes irrigated until a conjunctivae sac pH below 8.5 is achieved. Although health care professionals need to be prepared to treat chemical burns, educating the public, especially those workers in the agricultural and industrial setting, should be the first line of prevention.
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PMID:Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. 1081 76

A woman aged 66 was prescribed acetazolamide (Diamox) in the outpatient clinic because of glaucoma. She went into irreversible anaphylactic shock with massive pulmonary oedema, probably due to a cross reaction in sulphonamide allergy. Before prescribing acetazolamide, the physician should inquire about sulphonamide allergy because of the related chemical structure of the substances. Such an allergy should be regarded as a contraindication.
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PMID:[Fatal anaphylactic reaction after oral acetazolamide (diamox) for glaucoma]. 1108 98

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins that function as channels facilitating water transport in response to osmotic gradients. These play critical roles in several normal physiological and pathological states and are targets for drug discovery. Selective inhibition of the AQP1 water channel may provide a new approach for the treatment of several disorders including ocular hypertension/glaucoma, congestive heart failure, brain swelling associated with a stroke, corneal and macular edema, pulmonary edema, and otic disorders such as hearing loss and vertigo. We developed a high-throughput assay to screen a library of compounds as potential AQP1 modulators by monitoring the fluorescence dequenching of entrapped calcein in a confluent layer of AQP1-overexpressing CHO cells that were exposed to a hypotonic shock. Promising candidates were tested in a Xenopus oocyte-swelling assay, which confirmed the identification of two lead classes of compounds belonging to aromatic sulfonamides and dihydrobenzofurans with IC50 s in the low micromolar range. These selected compounds directly inhibited water transport in AQP1-enriched stripped erythrocyte ghosts and in proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified AQP1. Validation of these lead compounds, by the three independent assays, establishes a set of attractive AQP1 blockers for developing novel, small-molecule functional modulators of human AQP1.
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PMID:Rapid Identification of Novel Inhibitors of the Human Aquaporin-1 Water Channel. 2668 80