Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Consumption of food contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme causes leucoencephalomalacia and hepatotoxicity in horses, pulmonary edema in pigs and liver cancer in rats, and has been correlated with esophageal cancer in humans. The causative agents are thought to be a family of compounds called fumonisins, which have recently been shown to be potent inhibitors of sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase. Because inhibition at this step blocks the formation of complex sphingolipids while leading to accumulation of sphinganine, we hypothesized that exposure of animals to fumonisin-contaminated feed might be detected by analyses of serum sphingolipids. Within days of giving ponies feed contaminated with 15 to 44 micrograms/g fumonisin B1, there was an increase in the amount of free sphinganine (and sometimes sphingosine) and a reduction in complex sphingolipids. Free sphinganine and sphingosine decreased when ponies consumed less of the contaminated feed, and increased again when they consumed more fumonisin. When toxicosis was evident as indicated by other serum markers, complex sphingolipids as well as free sphingosine and sphinganine were elevated, probably due to loss of sphingolipids from dying cells. These findings establish that consumption of fumonisin-contaminated feed disrupts sphingolipid metabolism. Because the changes in sphinganine and sphingosine were seen before liver enzymes were noticeably elevated, they may be an early marker of exposure to fumonisins.
 ...
PMID:Increases in serum sphingosine and sphinganine and decreases in complex sphingolipids in ponies given feed containing fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. 164 Feb 65

The combined thoracoabdominal procedure for patients with esophageal cancer is still associated with a high rate of pulmonary complications. Many institutions believe prophylactic postoperative mechanical ventilation to be the most effective measure against pulmonary complications. On the other hand, the duration of mechanical ventilation can have a significant influence on the incidence of pulmonary complications, which are increased after prolonged ventilatory support. Interstitial pulmonary edema is a frequent pathological finding with a poor prognosis after esophageal surgery. Increased water retention in the lung means a greater risk of atelectasis or pneumonia. At the St. Clara Hospital, Basle, patients with esophagectomy were extubated on the day of surgery. Despite early extubation there was a very low rate of minor pulmonary complications. To clarify possible factors contributing to this uncomplicated postoperative course, 20 patients with thoracoabdominal resection of the esophagus were evaluated. All patients were operated upon using a combination of thoracic epidural and light general anesthesia. At the end of the operation all were breathing spontaneously. After a short period of pressure support ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the mean extubation time was 3 h 10 min postoperatively. Local anesthetics and morphine given by the epidural route and the simultaneous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs made possible an uneventful and pain-free postoperative course. Early extubation, the immediate use of a CPAP mask system 2-3-hourly and an effective cough were the main points of respiratory therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Complication-free early extubation following abdomino-thoracic esophagectomy]. 188 58

In 27 operations on esophageal cancer, extra vascular lung water (EVLW) was used as pre- and postoperative parameter in the control of the respiratory function. The cases were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 6 cases with pulmonary complications and group II, 21 cases without them. The changes of EVLW and the circulatory and respiratory parameters were compared between 2 groups. Preoperative EVLWs were 5.56 +/- 0.67 ml/kg in group I and 5.76 +/- 0.41 ml/kg in group II. The immediate postoperative EVLWs were 6.65 +/- 1.90 ml/kg in group I and 4.86 +/- 0.31 ml/kg in group II, but the difference was insignificant. Beyond the 12th hour of the postoperative period there was no significant difference in the EVLW levels of groups I and II. In group II the immediate postoperative EVLW was significantly less than the preoperative value. Only 2 cases had pulmonary edema. The immediate postoperative EVLWs of these patients were extremely elevated as compared with the preoperative value. Many reports said EVLW correlated with colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient or PaO2, but in our cases EVLW did not correlate with any parameter. From these results, it was assumed EVLW was the good parameter for early diagnosis and management of pulmonary complication after surgery for esophageal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[The change of extra vascular lung water volume in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer]. 205 77

The Extra Vascular Lung Water (EVLW) was measured using the thermal sodium double indicator dilution technique in 21 patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer. This measurement is an important parameter in the control of the respiratory function. In the 16 cases without pulmonary complications, the preoperative EVLW was 5.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) ml/kg and the immediate postoperative EVLW was 4.8 +/- 0.4 ml/kg. This change was significant (p less than 0.05), but within 24 hours the EVLW returned to almost the same levels as those recorded before surgery. In only 3 cases, the EVLW were elevated beyond 7.5 ml/kg, but these high EVLW levels did not continue for more than 12 hours. Of the 5 patients with pulmonary complications, only two experienced pulmonary edema. Their preoperative EVLW levels were normal, but the immediate postoperative EVLW levels were significantly elevated beyond 10 ml/kg. These elevated levels were observed before the PaO2, the portable chest roentgenograms and the other test results changed following surgery. The high EVLW levels beyond 7.5 ml/kg continued for 72 hours after surgery. We found no correlation between the EVLW and measureable hemodynamic parameters (Cardiac Index, Pulmonary Wedge Pressure, Colloid Osmotic Pressure-Pulmonary Wedge Pressure gradient) during the observation period. In the other cases with pulmonary complications (2 cases were pneumonia, one was atelectasis with pneumonia), the changes in the EVLW levels were the same as for the cases without pulmonary complications. These results indicate that the EVLW is the optimum parameter for the control of the respiratory function and early diagnosis of pulmonary edema after surgery for esophageal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[The measurement of extra vascular lung water using a thermal-sodium double indicator dilution technique in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer]. 228 95

Twenty-seven patients with esophageal cancer received an intrathoracic esophagectomy, lymphadenectomy and esophageal reconstruction performed in one stage. They were analyzed for respiratory and hemodynamic function parameters and also observed for the time course of extravascular lung water (EVLW), water balance, renal function as well as colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of plasma. And they were clarified the pathogenetic mechanism of post-operative pulmonary complications mainly from the aspects of pathophysiology of pulmonary edema and functional interrelationship of organs. Two groups of patients, i.e. those undergoing extended lymphadenectomy (particularly for lymph nodes of both sides of neck and upper mediastinum) and those of old age (70 years or above), were investigated for eventual characteristic features of postoperative changes in the parameters mentioned above. In the group of patients with postoperative pulmonary complications, a significant negative correlation was noted to exist between the plasma colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary artery wedge pressure (COP-PAW) gradient and EVLW and between the former parameter and postoperative renal function (p less than 0.01). A postoperative lowering of renal function observed in the group with postoperative pulmonary complications was due mainly to depressed left ventricular function immediately following operation and assumed to play a significant role in the production of pulmonary edema as a hydrostatic factor subject to the Starling's low. In the group undergoing extended lymphadenectomy, extensive lymph node dissection reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure. This reduction was thought to bring about a diminution of COP-PAW gradient, produce a transient depression of left ventricular function and augmentation of pulmonary edema, and to stimulate the formation of intrapulmonary shunting. In the old age group, their and renal function depressed immediately after operation because of advanced age. And for the maintenance of cardiac function massive water intake was required. They led to retention of water and thereby played a direct role in the causation of increase in EVLW and in intrapulmonary shunt. All these observations point to the necessity of initiating carefully planned management early in the postoperative period that takes these pathophysiologic features well into account.
 ...
PMID:[Study on changes in extravascular lung water during early postoperative periods in thoracic esophageal cancer--with special emphasis on their relation to postoperative renal function]. 234 27

Fusarium moniliforme is one of the predominant fungi associated with corn intended for human and animal consumption world-wide. Fumonisins, food-borne carcinogens that occur naturally in corn, were first isolated and chemically characterized in South Africa in 1988. The major metabolite, fumonisin B1 (FB1), was subsequently shown to cause leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) in horses, pulmonary edema syndrome (PES) in pigs, and liver cancer in rats. FB1 is also a cancer promoter and initiator in rat liver; hepatotoxic to horses, pigs, rats, and vervet monkeys; cytotoxic to mammalian cell cultures; and phytotoxic to several plants. Fumonisins in home-grown corn have been associated with an elevated risk for human esophageal cancer in Transkei and China. There is a close structural similarity between fumonisin and sphingosine, and fumonisins are the first known naturally occurring inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis. The natural occurrence of FB1, together with FB2 and FB3, has been reported in commercial corn and/or corn-based feeds and foods from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Botswana, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Hungary, Nepal, Peru, South Africa, Switzerland, United States, and Zimbabwe. It is imperative that safe levels of fumonisins in human foods and animal feeds should be determined and realistic tolerance levels established as soon as possible.
 ...
PMID:Fumonisins: their implications for human and animal health. 758 16

Fusarium moniliforme (FM) is a major fungal pathogen of corn and is involved with stalk rot disease. FM is widely spread throughout the world, including the United States. Most strains of FM produce several mycotoxins, the most prominent of which is called fumonisin. Recent epidemiological studies indicated that ingestion of fumonisin correlates with a higher incidence of esophageal cancer in Southern and Northern Africa and China. Furthermore, fumonisin causes a neurodegenerative disease in horses, induces hepatic cancer in rats, and induces pulmonary edema in swine. Considering that high levels of fumonisin have been detected in healthy and diseased corn grown in the United States, fumonisin may pose a health threat to humans and livestock animals. Structurally, fumonisin resembles sphingolipids which are present in the membranes of animal and plant cells. At the present time, very little is known concerning the mechanism by which fumonisin elicits its carcinogenic effect. Our studies indicate that fumonisin represses expression of protein kinase C and AP-1-dependent transcription. In contrast, fumonisin stimulated a simple promoter containing a single cyclic AMP response element. Since fumonisin did not alter protein kinase A activity, it appears that cyclic AMP response element activation was independent of protein kinase A. It is hypothesized that the ability of fumonisin to alter signal transduction pathways plays a role in carcinogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Repression of protein kinase C and stimulation of cyclic AMP response elements by fumonisin, a fungal encoded toxin which is a carcinogen. 771 70

We analyzed a postoperative respiratory management using a respirator with nasal intubation in 55 patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy through thoracic and abdominal approach between April 1984 and December 1989. In 21 cases (38%) the period using a respirator was within 3 days, in 24 cases (44%) during 4-7 days, and in 10 cases (18%) over 8 days. Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 20 cases (36%); pneumonia in 7 cases (13%), lung edema in 12 cases (22%), atelectasis in one case (2%). Two patient died after surgery, one from acute myocardial infarction, another from multiple organ failure after anastomotic leakage. The period using a respirator was positively correlated with the operative blood loss, transfusion and post-operative infusion, postoperative pulmonary complications positively correlated with the operative time, the anesthetic time, operative blood loss, transfusion and postoperative infusion as well as with preoperative complications and renal dysfunction too. In 120 cases before 1984, postoperative pneumonia occurred in 42 cases (36) and 19 cases (16%) of them died. These results suggest that our respiratory management using a respirator is effective in perioperative period of esophageal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[A clinical study on respiratory management using a respirator with nasal intubation in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer]. 822 1

Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon is a common fungal contaminant of corn and produces a variety of mycotoxins. Among these are the recently discovered fumonisins, which are now known to cause certain animal diseases, namely leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine. There is a significant association between their presence in corn and human esophageal cancer in southern Africa. Fumonisin B1 causes liver cancer in rats. Five other fumonisins--B2, B3, B4, A1 and A2, have been isolated; the last two are N-acetates of fumonisins B1 and B2 and do not appear to be toxic. Several other Fusarium species are now known to produce fumonisins. Procedures for detection and determination of fumonisins include thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography (with fluorescence derivatization), post-hydrolysis gas chromatography, immunochemical assay, and mass spectrometry. In addition to their natural occurrence in corn-based animal feeds and in home-grown African corn used for food, fumonisins are frequently found in commercial corn-based foods. Fumonisins are moderately heat-stable. No effective detoxification process has yet been developed for use with fumonisin-contaminated feeds.
 ...
PMID:Fumonisins. 834 25

Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by F. moniliforme. These include both equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of corn consumed by humans in certain areas of the world is associated with higher than average incidence of esophageal cancer, and fumonisins may be responsible. Analytical methods have been developed for fumonisins, but improvements are needed so that more accurate, less expensive, and more rapid assays of food and feedstuffs can be done. Fumonisins are structurally similar to sphingosine, and may exert their biological activity through their ability to block key enzymes (sphinganine- and sphingosine-N-acyltransferases) involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Much more research is needed to define the extent to which this mycotoxin adversely affects the food supply, and its involvement in animal and human diseases.
 ...
PMID:Fumonisins--mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. 845 May 59


1 2 3 Next >>