Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and rewarming were successful in a 5-year-old boy who had been submerged for 40 minutes in ice-cold fresh water. Severe metabolic acidosis was corrected by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution before spontaneous circulation could be re-established. Fulminant pulmonary oedema developed after re-establishment of spontaneous circulation. This was efficiently reversed by positive-end-expiratory-pressure ventilation. During 2 days of treatment of a respiratory the patient gradually regained consciousness; the endotracheal tube was then removed and the patient immediately started talking intelligently. The patient went through a period of slow cerebration and motor dysfunction but recovered rapidly, and on examination 13 months after the accident all findings were normal.
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PMID:Survival after 40 minutes; submersion without cerebral sequeae. 4

101 Indian soldiers, 57 of whom had developed pulmonary oedema of high altitude (POHA) and 44 who had not developed this condition in spite of being at high altitudes for over 2 years, were investigated for observing the differences, if any, in their reaction to acute hypoxic stress. Each subject was made to breathe a 10% hypoxic mixture for 5 min. Haemodynamic parameters like pulmonary artery pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), brachial artery pressure, wedge pressure, cardiac output, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake before and at the end of hypoxic breathing were estimated. In addition, results of the cold pressor test were recorded and the Vd/Vt ratio was estimated. The results obtained in the present study confirmed those obtained in our previous studies. In addition, it was observed that oxygen uptake was significantly higher and oxygen saturation lower after hypoxia in the POHA subjects than in the controls. Certain parameters for screening of subjects possibly susceptible to POHA have been suggested.
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PMID:Further studies on pulmonary oedema of high altitude. Abnormal responses to hypoxia of men who had developed pulmonary oedema at high altitude. 67 69

A series of 22 cases of fatal accidental or suicidal hypothermia is presented. Necropsy findings on which the diagnosis can be based were analysed. Purple skin and swelling of face, hands and feet, as well as violet patches on elbows or knees were the most frequent external signs (Frequency 54--59%). The most conspicuous internal macroscopic signs were gastric erosions or haemorrhages, which were seen in half of the cases. Other less frequent signs were pulmonary oedema and acute renal and hepatic degeneration. Microscopically the myocardium showed small degenerative foci and/or fuchsinophilic fibres in two thirds of the cases. The myocardium was macroscopically normal. Histamine and serotonin assays from urine did not indicate increased excretion during exposure. Catecholamine concentrations in urine were high (greater than 0.1 mug/ml) in most hypothermia deaths indicating increased excretion due to cold. The best diagnostic signs seem to be purple skin and oedema in face and ears, stomach erosions, degenerative foci in myocardium and high concentration of catecholamines in the urine.
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PMID:Necropsy findings in fatal hypothermia cases. 97 1

Report on successful post-drowning cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a 2-year-old boy who had lain for 20 min in cold water at 5-7 degrees C. Because of severe pulmonary complications after primary resuscitation--e.g. pulmonary edema, repeated mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum and bilateral pneumothorax--spontaneous respiration remained insufficient for 36 days. Under appropriate treatment the patient recovered completely except for slight muscular hypotrophy of the left thigh. 14 months after the submersion no other neurological or pulmonary sequelae could be detected.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of a severe drowning accident after 20 minutes submersion]. 121 45

The respiratory sensation was studied in Nepal at four different altitudes, 1377 m before and after the ascension, 2800 m, 3900 m and 530 m. Dyspnea was noted at each altitude for the nine subjects. They had to rate 4 external resistive loads between 2.5 and 13 cm H2O.l-1.s, presented in 2 pairs, a low and a high one. The discrimination between the loads i.e. the subject's sensitivity was obtained from Sensory Decision Analysis. These subjects were compared to six normal ones observed at sea level while breathing air, an hypoxic mixture (FIP2:11%) and air in a cold environment (-6 degrees C). In these protocols, the load perception was not modified. The 2 populations exhibited a similar sensitivity when observed in normal conditions. At exertion and with altitude, the nine subjects demonstrated a progressive increase in dyspnea, rated with visual analog scales. At rest, the perception of the loads was not altered but slightly improved with altitude for 6 subjects. The other 3 subjects (2 subjects with clinical impairment, important dyspnea and pulmonary oedema) showed an impairment of the perception. The sensitivity to the loads was similar before and after the ascension for the well adapted subjects to altitude. In conclusion, the respiratory sensation is not impaired with altitude in well adapted subjects and transient hypoxia does not result in change in load perception. An impairment in load perception observed in some subjects is probably related to the secondary effects of chronic hypoxia, i.e. cerebral and/or pulmonary suboedema.
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PMID:The respiratory sensation at high altitude. 137 86

Belzer's University of Wisconsin cold storage solution (UWCSS) has proved useful in extending the shelf life of organs in extrathoracic transplantation and more recently has also been shown to be useful in heart transplantation. I investigated the effect of 4 degrees C UWCSS on the vascular and interstitial properties of the lung to see whether it affected the pulmonary microcirculation or caused pulmonary edema. Infusion of UWCSS was associated with a slight decrease in oxygen tension, but the final oxygen tension was no different from that previously demonstrated with Euro-Collins solution. Vascular conductance was not affected by UWCSS, but average vascular closure increased slightly, indicating that increased vascular tone occurs. This effect is similar to but less than that previously observed with Euro-Collins solution. Based on comparisons of wet to dry weight ratios, estimates of interstitial compliance, transvascular fluid flux, and microvascular filtration coefficient, it does not appear that UWCSS causes pulmonary edema. Further investigation into the usefulness of UWCSS in lung transplantation is therefore warranted.
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PMID:Vascular and interstitial effect of University of Wisconsin solution on canine lung. 144 5

This study was designed to test whether use of allopurinol could improve lung preservation after 6 hours of cold storage. Thirty-two rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 8 each group): (1) the control group received no flush or storage, (2) the EC group received Euro-Collins (EC) solution for both flush and storage, (3) the Allo-F group received Euro-Collins solution with allopurinol (1 mmol/L) for both flush and storage, and (4) the Allo-R group received Euro-Collins solution to which allopurinol (1 mmol/L) was added only to the reperfused blood. For groups 2 through 4, the lungs were flushed (40 ml/kg) in situ, excised, and then stored at 4 degrees C. After storage, the lungs were reperfused for 1 hour with an in vitro blood-perfused ventilated model. Lung function was measured during reperfusion with mean pulmonary arterial pressure, end-inspiratory airway pressure, and blood gas data. The lung wet/dry weight ratio was used to measure lung edema. The lungs in the EC group had a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, airway pressure, and wet/dry weight ratio when compared with the control group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure in either of the groups receiving allopurinol was consistently lower than that in the EC group. The airway pressure in the Allo-R group also significantly decreased compared with the EC group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of allopurinol pretreatment with pulmonary flush on lung preservation. 145 26

Physiological and pathological respiratory responses are triggered by various conditions of exposure to cold climates. Beside airway smooth muscle, both the pulmonary and the tracheobronchial vasculatures are major effectors of respiratory responses to cold. General exposure to cold causes pulmonary vasoconstriction known as "Raynaud's phenomenon of the lung" in subjects with primary Raynaud syndrome and favors acute pulmonary oedema in subjects with congestive heart failure. In healthy subjects acute hyperventilation of very cold air has led to acute respiratory failure closely similar to hypoxic pulmonary oedema. In outdoor exercising people years long repetition of hyperventilation of subfreezing air causes "eskimo lung" made of obstructive lung disease and increased wall thickness of pulmonary arteries. At a lesser degree hyperventilation of dry air cools the central airways and triggers subclinical bronchial obstruction in healthy subjects. In asthmatic subjects hyperventilation of dry air causes asthma attacks. Results of recent animal and human experiments point to a key role of mucosal vessels in thermal balance of the airways. Simultaneously, there is increasing evidence that hyperventilation-induced asthma is triggered by a thermal stimulus.
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PMID:Cold and the airways. 148 69

The effect of mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure on the resolution of hydrostatic pulmonary oedema created by temporary left atrial balloon inflation was studied in mechanically ventilated dogs. Immediately after the hydrostatic process was terminated, by deflating the left atrial balloon, the animals were ventilated for 4 h with zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP, n = 6) or with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, n = 6) of 1.0 kPa (10 cmH2O). Gas exchange and extravascular lung water content (EVLW) with the double indicator dilution technique (dye/cold) were studied and gravimetric determination of lung water was made postmortem. EVLW decreased from 31.6 +/- 7.3 mean +/- SD ml.kg.1 during maximal oedema to 14.5 +/- 2.1 ml.kg.1 (p less than 0.001) 4 h after deflation of the left atrial balloon in dogs ventilated with ZEEP. The corresponding values in dogs ventilated with PEEP were a reduction in EVLW from 28.0 +/- 4.1 to 20.7 +/- 4.0 ml.kg.1 (p less than 0.01) (mean decrease 7.3 +/- 4.0 ml.kg.1). EVLW was significantly higher after 4 h on PEEP than after ZEEP (p less than 0.01). Gravimetric values at the end of the experiment were 12.4 +/- 2.8 ml.kg.1 (ZEEP) and 14.7 +/- 4.5 ml.kg.1 (PEEP) (NS). Oxygenation improved in both groups during the resolution of oedema with a more evident and early effect in the PEEP group. It is concluded that mechanical ventilation with PEEP of 1.0 kPa (10 cmH2O) in the resolution phase after experimental hydrostatic oedema improves oxygenation but retards the resolution of oedema.
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PMID:Does PEEP facilitate the resolution of extravascular lung water after experimental hydrostatic pulmonary oedema? 175 38

The clinical hallmarks of asthma are wheezing and reversibility. Any disease that impairs air flow through obstructed airways may cause wheezing. Patients with true asthma may give a history of allergy and past attacks of dyspnea and wheezing occurring when exposed to allergens, inhaled irritants, upper respiratory infection, cold and humid air, exercise, and emotional stress. When encountering a wheezing dyspneic patient who does not report such a history, it behooves the physician to entertain the possibility that the patient may have a disease other than asthma. Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiogenic pulmonary edema pulmonary emboli, aspiration of gastric contents, and upper airway obstruction are the common causes of nonasthmatic wheezing. In almost every instance a wide spectrum of easily obtainable data, particularly historical, are available to alert the physician that the patient's dyspnea and wheezing are not due to asthma. Laboratory data are also readily available to buttress the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of asthma. 176 18


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