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Query: UMLS:C0034063 (pulmonary edema)
 10,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiology was diagnosed by means of clinical, radiographic, electrocardiographic phonocardiographic, angiocardiographic, and pathological findings in 271 or 3,745 cats necropsied from January 1962 to April 1974. The affected cats can be divided into three groups on the basis of the gross and microscopic pathological lesions: 1)endocarditis and myocarditis in 20 young cats; 2)endomyocardial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in 182 cats; and 3)myocardial degeneration and biventricular dilatation in 69 cats. Of 271 affected cats, thromboembolus was observed in the aorta, and in the carotid, femoral, iliac, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic arteries in 104 instances. The important aspects of cardiomyopathy in cats appears to be the reduced diastolic compliance of the thick left ventricle, resulting in poor fillin. Resistance to ventricular inflow raises the diastolic pressure and causes compensatory left atrial enlargement. A pathogenesis for the onset of clinical signs at any stages as the cause of the heart disease is postulated on the basis of stress causing tachycardia and poor left ventricular filling. Acute left-sided failure with pulmonary edema may be precipitated. Approximately one-fourth of the cats have enlargement of all cardiac chambers, typical of congestive cardiomyopathy. On the basis of the close similarily to cardiomyopathy in man, the cat could serve as a suitable animal model for a conservation of time and effort in the attack against this disorder. There is a need for coordinated research programs for utilizing the multiple avenues of approach such as: epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, pathological, ultrastructural, virological, and immunological.
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PMID:Feline cardiomyopathy. 12 93

Three patients presented with severe congestive cardiomyopathy of unknown cause. All three had a profound depression of serum phosphorus levels resulting from the chronic ingestion of large quantities of a phosphorus-binding antacid. Results of physical examination and echocardiograms were consistent with cardiomegaly and severe myocardial dysfunction, and chest films showed enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with interstitial pulmonary edema. Serum phosphorus was restored to normal levels, and within 2 to 5 weeks the results of physical examination and echocardiogram of each patient returned to normal. We conclude that these patients had reversible hypophosphatemic cardiomyopathy and show the importance of inorganic phosphorus in myocardial metabolism and function. Serum phosphorus measurements should be a part of the routine evaluation of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy because, at least in some patients, hypophosphatemia appears to be a reversible cause of this disorder.
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PMID:Reversible severe congestive cardiomyopathy in three cases of hypophosphatemia. 634 61

Thirty-four cats with primary myocardial disease were studied. The cats were divided into two groups, depending on the clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic, and pathologic findings. Group A consisted of those cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Group B consisted of those cats with congestive cardiomyopathy. Similarity in the characteristics of cardiomyopathy in the human cat was found. Both Group A and Group B consisted predominantly of mature adult male cats. The most common presenting signs were dyspnea and/or thromboembolism, systolic murmurs with gallop rhythms on auscultation, cardiomegaly with (Group A) or without (Group B) pulmonary edema, abnormal electrocardiograms, elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressures, and angiocardiographic evidence of mitral regurgitation with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (Group A) or left ventricular dilatation (Group B). Some cats in Group A also had evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The principal pathologic findings in these cats were left atrial dilatation, symmetric hypertrophy or asymmetric septal hypertrophy of the left ventricle (Group A), and dilatation of the four cardiac chambers (Group B). Aortic thromboembolism was commonly observed in both groups. These clinical and pathologic findings indicate that cardiomyopathy in the cat is similar to the two most common forms of cardiomyopathy in the human (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with and without obstruction, and congestive cardiomyopathy).
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PMID:Primary myocardial disease in the cat. A model for human cardiomyopathy. 84 11

The frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcome of patients admitted with heart failure to a district general hospital in North-West London serving a population of approximately 155,000 was assessed over a six-month period. The number of patients with heart failure was determined by both a prospective ward survey and a retrospective study of all patient records with diagnostic codes for heart failure or pulmonary oedema. During those six months, 2,877 patients were admitted to the medical and geriatric services of whom 140 (4.9%) had heart failure. Only 29 patients in heart failure were under the age of 65 years. In 86 patients the mode of presentation was acute pulmonary oedema. Fifty-two (37%) patients had an arrhythmia at the time of admission of whom 48 had atrial fibrillation. An electrocardiogram, a chest X-ray, and an echocardiogram were performed in 137, 136, and 81 patients respectively. The aetiology of heart failure was considered to be coronary artery disease (41%), valve disease (9%), hypertension (6%), cor pulmonale (4%), a dilated cardiomyopathy (1%), congenital heart disease (1%), thyrotoxicosis (1%), and unknown (36%). During the period of hospital stay 42 patients (30%) died; a further 20 patients (14%) died in a one-year follow-up. In a district general hospital heart failure is a common reason for admission and patients remain in hospital for a considerable time. Arrhythmias are commonly associated with heart failure. The prognosis is poor and the hospital mortality high. The management of heart failure is an important consideration in allocating hospital resources in a district general hospital.
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PMID:Heart failure in a district general hospital. 842 54

The combined effects of negative intrathoracic pressure swings during obstructive sleep apnoeas (OSAs) and increased sympathetic nervous system tone associated with hypoxia and sleep arousal may lead to pulmonary oedema or left-ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, we have done a study of patients with congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to see whether OSA could contribute to impaired left-ventricular function and to assess nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for treatment. Eight men (aged 29-69 years) took part in the study; all were obese. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured while on stable medication and then 4 weeks after the start of nocturnal NCPAP. NCPAP was associated with abolition of OSA (mean [SE] number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour of sleep 54.1 [7.2] and 1.0 [0.4] for pretreatment and NCPAP nights, respectively, p less than 0.0001). Mean (SE) LVEF increased from 37 (4)% pretreatment to 49 (5)% after four weeks' NCPAP therapy (p less than 0.0001). Withdrawal of NCPAP for 1 week in four patients was associated with a reduction in LVEF from 53 (6)% to 45 (5)% (p less than 0.001). OSA may contribute to impaired left-ventricular function in some patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of otherwise unknown origin, and reversal of OSA by NCPAP can lead to significant improvement in LVEF.
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PMID:Obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: effects of continuous positive airway pressure. 168 18

Cocaine-related cardiovascular events escalated during the 1980s as cocaine became purer, cheaper, and easier to obtain. Cocaine abuse is a risk factor for myocardial ischemia and/or infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, ruptured aortic aneurysm, cerebral infarction, infective endocarditis, vascular thrombosis, myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy. As medical and social complications of cocaine have become evident, and with the growing negative image of cocaine, the number of first-time users has begun to decline. Cocaine abuse is seen on all levels of our society and has emerged as an issue of significant medical and public health importance. All routes and forms of cocaine abuse are potentially cardiotoxic and can be lethal. Fatal cardiac complications can occur in a first-time user. All physicians should be alert for cocaine abuse when confronted with unexplained cardiac symptoms. Cocaine is the newest and sometimes unrecognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young individuals otherwise free of cardiovascular risk factors.
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PMID:Cocaine: the newest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 181 Jun 80

This report describes a 62-year-old patient with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy who presented pulmonary edema during cardiac catheterization. Bolus administration of nicardipine (5 mg in 5 min) into the pulmonary artery determined prompt recovery from the crisis and optimal hemodynamic conditions for completion of the catheterization. The action of the drug was mediated by the rapid reduction of the left ventricular preload and afterload. We believe that bolus administration of nicardipine is useful in treating episodes of acute left ventricular insufficiency.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema during cardiac catheterization successfully treated with bolus administration of nicardipine. 185 58

Infectious and malignant disease processes are responsible for most pulmonary abnormalities seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are, however, a number of noninfectious and nonmalignant disorders that can involve the lungs of these individuals. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis may mimic opportunistic infections both clinically and radiographically. Congestive cardiomyopathy may develop and result in pulmonary edema. Other disorders such as alveolar proteinosis and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis are also reported. Bronchoalveolar lavage, a diagnostic technique frequently employed in AIDS patients, may itself produce pulmonary opacities. Knowledge of these disorders may aid in the evaluation of AIDS patients for whom an infectious etiology for pulmonary abnormalities cannot be found.
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PMID:Noninfectious and nonmalignant pulmonary disease in AIDS. 194 99

The smoking of crystal methamphetamine, or "ice," is a growing drug abuse problem in the United States. The toxic effects of methamphetamine smoking have not been well described. We describe two patients with cardiovascular toxic effects associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine. In our first patient, the use of smokeable methamphetamine was associated with the subsequent development of pulmonary edema and a dilated cardiomyopathy. In our second patient, the smoking of crystal methamphetamine likely produced diffuse vasospasm that resulted in acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and death. The recognition of potentially lethal cardiac complications associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine is of extreme significance and should be emphasized to potential abusers of this drug.
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PMID:Cardiomyopathy associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine. 199 1

Heart disease is the most important nonobstetric cause of maternal death; however, most young women with heart disease do well during pregnancy. If the physician is uncertain of the effects of pregnancy on a particular heart condition, needless restrictions may be imposed. The main hazards are: pulmonary edema when it occurs suddenly in mitral stenosis; pulmonary hypertension (because pulmonary vascular disease tends to be exacerbated by pregnancy); infective endocarditis (this is rare); and fulminating peripartum cardiomyopathy. The practical management of the pregnant patient with various concomitant heart conditions (congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, anticoagulants and artificial valves, constrictive pericarditis, kyphoscoliosis, Marfan's syndrome, mitral prolapse, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, and arrhythmias) is discussed. An absolute indication for therapeutic abortion is severe pulmonary vascular disease; discretionary indications include 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,' cardiomyopathies (depending on the hemodynamic disturbance), and Marfan's syndrome.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. 218 16


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