Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have synthesized new polycationic bactericides, polyloxyethylene(dimethyliminio)trimethylene(dimethyliminio)ethylene dichloridel (OXD) and poly(hexamethyleneguanidine phosphate) (HEP), in order to develop more active but less skin-irritative bactericides. The effects of these bactericides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the degree of their irritations on skin were compared with those of a widely used low molecular-weight cationic bactericide, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and a polycationic bactericide, poly[2-hydroxyethylene(dimethyliminio)methylene chloride] (2HYC). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of OXD for 10 min contact incubation was 16 microg/ml against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. marcescens and K. pneumoniae, and >1000 microg/ml against MRSA. The MBC of HEP for 10 min contact incubation was 16 microg/ml against P. aeruginosa, 32 microg/ml against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and 64 microg/ml against S. marcescens and MRSA. Itch, edema, erythema, heat, injury, desquamation and keratinization caused by skin irritation were examined in 21 subjects by patch tests. Only one subject treated with OXD experienced edema, and one subject with HEP experienced keratinization. However, BAC caused itch in 3 subjects, edema in 1, erythema in 10 and desquamation in 2, indicating that the incidence of skin irritation of BAC was higher than that of OXD or HEP. OXD and HEP had sterilization ability similar to BAC, however, they were less skin-irritative than BAC. This indicates that OXD and HEP can be used as safe bactericides.
 ...
PMID:A comparative study of characteristics of current-type and conventional-type cationic bactericides. 1155 78

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of meropenem, administered on a compassionate basis to 62 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (age: 24plus minus6 years) with hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics and/or infection by bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients were chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 5 with Burkholderia cepacia. In total, 124 courses (1 to 6/patient) of meropenem, 2 g three times a day by intravenous infusion (10 to 15 min) for 14 days, were administered. RESULTS: During treatment for P. aeruginosa the mean increase in pulmonary function (as a percentage of the predictive values) was 5.6% for FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) and 8.6% for FVC (forced vital capacity). C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and leukocyte count decreased significantly. In courses administered for chronic infection with B. cepacia the post treatment FEV1 and FVC values were higher than the pre-treatment values, and all the inflammatory parameters decreased. The geometric means of minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) (microg/mL) for P. aeruginosa (B. cepacia) were: tobramycin 6 (59), ciprofloxacin 1.2 (9.7), piperacillin 49 (16.3), ceftazidime 26 (23), aztreonam 26 (35), imipenem 6.4 (not determined) and meropenem 5.1 (4.8). No statistically significant increase in the MICs of meropenem for either pathogen occurred during therapy. Of the 124 courses, 115 were tolerated without any clinical complaint. The following side effects were observed: nausea (0.8%), itching (4%), rash (3.2%), drug fever (1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Meropenem proved to be a valuable drug in the treatment of CF patients with chronic pulmonary infection with multiresistant P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia and with hypersensitivity reactions to other beta-lactam drugs.
 ...
PMID:Meropenem in cystic fibrosis patients infected with resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Burkholderia cepacia and with hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. 1186 24

Sixty-four patients with symptomatic otomycosis (80 infected ears) confirmed by direct microscopy and culture were randomly treated for I week with ciclopiroxolamine cream 11% (group A, 20 infected ears, 17 patients), ciclopiroxolamine solution 1% (group B, 20 infected ears, 17 patients) and boric acid (group C, 40 infected ears, 30 patients) and daily mechanical suction aspiration of the debris. An attempt was made to match 11 clinical parameters with both the mycological and bacteriological findings. There was no significant association between the fungal species cultured and the clinical parameters did not vary with the presence or absence of different bacteria; pus was never present in fungal otitis externa (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). Before therapy, a significant number of ears had completely sterile bacterial cultures (p < 0.01, chi2 test); saprophytic Gram-positive bacteria increased after treatment, whilst Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species, decreased after treatment. Clinical total cure rates 3 days after the end of therapy ranged from 50% in group A, 25% in group B to 22.5% in group C. Mycological cure rates were 80% (group A), 95% (group B) and 72.5% (group C). Two weeks after the end of therapy the clinical cure rates were 60% (group A), 65% (group B) and 80% (group C) and the mycological cure rates was 65% for group A and 75% for both group B and C. Eleven patients relapsed with otitis externa: four (20%) in groups A and C and three (15%) in group B. In four cases the infection was due to bacteria and the remaining seven were due to fungi. Six sites relapsed with the same fungal species as that isolated at the start of the study. In this short-term assessment the relapse rate was not significantly associated with predisposing conditions. The tolerance was excellent in group A. Four patients (20%) in group B had mild (two patients) or moderate (two patients) burning and itching with each application. Twelve patients (30%) in group C had severe stinging and five of these patients who had perforated tympanic membranes also experienced pain. In terms of clinical and mycological effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the three treatment groups, although group A (ciclopiroxolamine cream 1%) and B (ciclopiroxolamine solution 1%) both showed significantly better tolerance (Fisher's test, P < 0.05) when compared with boric acid (group C).
 ...
PMID:Randomized prospective comparative study: short-term treatment with ciclopiroxolamine (cream and solution) versus boric acid in the treatment of otomycosis. 1257 22

Wound healing potential of ethanolic extract of Anogeissus latifolia bark (ALE) for treatment of dermal wounds in rats was studied on excision and incision wound models. HPTLC of the total extract was recorded for the purpose of standardization. Various parameters of incision wound, viz. epithelization period, scar area, tensile strength and hydroxyproline measurements along with wound contraction, were used to evaluate the effect of A. latifolia on wound healing. The results obtained indicate that A. latifolia accelerates the wound healing process by decreasing the surface area of the wound and increasing the tensile strength. Nitrofurazone ointment was used as a positive control. Complete epithelization was observed within 15 days with ALE. Measurements of the healed area and the hydroxyproline level were in agreement. Antibacterial activity of ALE was studied against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) compared to erythromycin and tetracycline. Moderate activity was observed against all organisms. The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of Anogeissus latifolia in the management of skin diseases such as sores, boils and itching.
 ...
PMID:Healing potential of Anogeissus latifolia for dermal wounds in rats. 1563 16

Acute diffuse otitis externa (swimmer's ear), otomycosis, exostoses, traumatic eardrum perforation, middle ear infection, and barotraumas of the inner ear are common problems in swimmers and people engaged in aqua activities. The most common ear problem in swimmers is acute diffuse otitis externa, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most common pathogen. The symptoms are itching, otalgia, otorrhea, and conductive hearing loss. The treatment includes frequent cleansing of the ear canal, pain control, oral or topical medications, acidification of the ear canal, and control of predisposing factors. Swimming in polluted waters and ear-canal cleaning with cotton-tip applicators should be avoided. Exostoses are usually seen in people who swim in cold water and present with symptoms of accumulated debris, otorrhea and conductive hearing loss. The treatment for exostoses is transmeatal surgical removal of the tumors. Traumatic eardrum perforations may occur during water skiing or scuba diving and present with symptoms of hearing loss, otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus and vertigo. Tympanoplasty might be needed if the perforations do not heal spontaneously. Patients with chronic otitis media with active drainage should avoid swimming, while patients who have undergone mastoidectomy and who have no cavity problems may swim. For children with ventilation tubes, surface swimming is safe in a clean, chlorinated swimming pool. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and some degree of vertigo may occur after diving because of rupture of the round or oval window membrane.
 ...
PMID:Ear problems in swimmers. 1613 12

Acute otitis externa is a common condition involving inflammation of the ear canal. The acute form is caused primarily by bacterial infection, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus the most common pathogens. Acute otitis externa presents with the rapid onset of ear canal inflammation, resulting in otalgia, itching, canal edema, canal erythema, and otorrhea, and often occurs following swimming or minor trauma from inappropriate cleaning. Tenderness with movement of the tragus or pinna is a classic finding. Topical antimicrobials or antibiotics such as acetic acid, aminoglycosides, polymyxin B, and quinolones are the treatment of choice in uncomplicated cases. These agents come in preparations with or without topical corticosteroids; the addition of corticosteroids may help resolve symptoms more quickly. However, there is no good evidence that any one antimicrobial or antibiotic preparation is clinically superior to another. The choice of treatment is based on a number of factors, including tympanic membrane status, adverse effect profiles, adherence issues, and cost. Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone preparations are a reasonable first-line therapy when the tympanic membrane is intact. Oral antibiotics are reserved for cases in which the infection has spread beyond the ear canal or in patients at risk of a rapidly progressing infection. Chronic otitis externa is often caused by allergies or underlying inflammatory dermatologic conditions, and is treated by addressing the underlying causes.
 ...
PMID:Acute otitis externa: an update. 2319 73

In brief: Pseudomonas folliculitis is an increasingly common infection contracted in hot tubs, spas, and swimming pools. Diagnosis requires a thorough knowledge of the symptoms. Patients usually develop a pruritic skin eruption that involves areas abundant with apocrine glands such as the axillae, breasts, and pubic area. Symptoms include itching, pain, and redness of the eyes and ears. The physician should obtain a detailed history that focuses on the patient's recent use of hot tubs, spas, or swimming pools. Treatment is not usually necessary because the infection is most often self-limited and benign. The best preventive measures include chlorination, pH monitoring, and proper maintenance of the whirlpool.
...
PMID:Pseudomonas Folliculitis Associated With Use of Hot Tubs and Spas. 2744 74

Several anaesthetic drugs have demonstrated antibacterial properties in vitro. Anaesthetics can primarily affect the cell wall of both susceptible and multi-resistant bacteria. They may also have a synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics through an unknown mechanism. We present three cases of a chronic venous ulcer infected by multi-resistant bacteria refractory to conventional systemic antibiotics, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment with topical sevoflurane was performed for 1 month without systemic antibiotics. Patients with an MRSA infection showed progressive improvement with negative culture at the end of the treatment. Multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa infection persisted at the end of treatment with positive culture. The local adverse events were mild and transient, including heat, pruritus and erythema. Topical sevoflurane may have an antibacterial effect on sensitive and multi-resistant strains. It can allow more complete surgical cleaning, leaving a cleaner wound with less fibrin and necrotic tissue. This decreases the bacterial colonisation and therefore the infectious risk, the bad smell and the exudation. The simultaneous use of conventional antibiotics and topical sevoflurane can have a synergistic antimicrobial effect.
 ...
PMID:Topical sevoflurane for chronic venous ulcers infected by multi-drug-resistant organisms. 2873 74

Zinc oxide is an essential ingredient of many enzymes, sun screens, and ointments for pain and itch relief. Its microcrystals are very efficient light absorbers in the UVA and UVB region of spectra due to wide bandgap. Impact of zinc oxide on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle size, exposure time, concentration, pH, and biocompatibility. They are more effective against microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Mechanism of action has been ascribed to the activation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by light, which penetrate the bacterial cell wall via diffusion. It has been confirmed from SEM and TEM images of the bacterial cells that zinc oxide nanoparticles disintegrate the cell membrane and accumulate in the cytoplasm where they interact with biomolecules causing cell apoptosis leading to cell death.
 ...
PMID:Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Activity Against Microbes. 2974 Jul 19

Data on foodborne disease in Canada in 1976 were compared with data for 1975. A total of 858 incidents, comprising 752 outbreaks and 106 single cases, causing illness in 5367 persons were reported for 1976. The number of outbreaks increased by 5.9% over those for 1975, but the total number of cases decreased by 24.5%. As for previous years, Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for more incidents (27) than any other agent. Other incidents were caused by Salmonella spp. (25), Clostridium perfringens (19) suspect mold and yeast (17), Bacillus spp. (10), Clostridium botulinum (4) and suspect Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4). Seven incidents of trichinosis occurred. Chemicals implicated in causing illness included metals, rancid compounds, a pesticide and solvents. The deaths of five persons were attributed to foodborne disease. About 35% of incidents and 41% of cases were associated with meat and poultry. Bakery products, vegetables, fruits and Chinese food continued to play a prominent role in the spread of foodborne disease, as in previous years. Mishandling of food took place mainly in foodservice establishments (18.9% of incidents, 52.7% of cases) or homes (10.5% of incidents, 6.8% of cases). However, mishandling by the manufacturer caused some problems, including three separate incidents involving fermented sausages. More than 60% of reported foodborne disease incidents occurred in Ontario and the number of incidents per 100,000 population was highest in Ontario and British Columbia. Narrative reports of foodborne outbreaks are presented. Relatively few illnesses resulted from consumption of, or contact with, water; a total of 9 incidents and 1476 cases occurred from ingestion of water and a further three incidents were recorded as a result of penetration of the skin by swimmers' itch parasite (many hundreds of cases) and invasion of wounds in swimmers by Vibrio parahaemolyticus .
 ...
PMID:Foodborne and Waterborne Disease in Canada - 1976 Annual Summary. 3085 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>