Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hairy vetch poisoning (vetch-associated disease) of cattle is a generalized disease characterized pathologically by infiltration of skin and many internal organs by monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and often eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells and clinically by dermatitis, pruritus, often diarrhea, wasting, and high mortality. The disease was experimentally reproduced in an adult Angus female that had recovered from the natural disease 1 year earlier. She developed dermatitis on the 11th day of vetch feeding, and despite withdrawal from the vetch diet on the 12th day, death occurred 24 days after first day of vetch feeding. The cow developed lymphocytosis and hyperproteinemia. The results of other hematologic evaluations, blood chemical profiles, urinalysis, and cutaneous hypersensitivity tests using vetch lectin were normal. Lymphocyte blastogenesis studies with vetch lectin were not interpretable. Necropsy revealed gross lesions characteristic of the disease in the skin, heart, kidney, adrenal, and lymphoid tissues. Microscopically there was typical cellular infiltration in those organs and in the thyroid, liver, pancreas, salivary and mammary glands, urinary bladder, corpus luteum, and cerebral meninges. Cutaneous apocrine gland necrosis was present. The inflammatory reaction has qualities of a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction. Hypersensitivity may occur when constituents of the ingested plant are absorbed and act as antigens that sensitize lymphocytes and evoke the multisystemic granulomatous inflammatory response that characterizes the disease. Alternatively, vetch lectin may directly activate T lymphocytes to initiate the cellular response. Vetch-like diseases have been associated with a variety of diets that did not contain hairy vetch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) poisoning in cattle: update and experimental induction of disease. 151 93

A problem in the study of nociceptors is that intense stimuli are used to locate the receptive field (RF), and thus the receptor may be damaged before the first responses are recorded. In addition, some nociceptors do not respond to the mechanical stimuli often used to search for the RF. To overcome these problems, an electrical search technique was developed to locate the RF of cutaneous nociceptors. In the hairy skin of anesthetized monkey, we used this technique to locate the RF of 63 A delta-fibers and 22 C-fibers that had extremely high thresholds or were unresponsive to mechanical stimuli. We refer to these afferents as mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs). Ten A delta-fiber MIAs had a short latency response to stepped heat stimuli and could be responsible for first pain sensation. Five A delta-fiber MIAs and one C-fiber MIA did not respond to mechanical or heat stimuli but did respond to injection into the electrical RF of an artificial inflammatory soup containing histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin E1, and serotonin. These chemoreceptors might be responsible for the pain and itch sensations that result from chemical stimuli. Some MIAs became more responsive to mechanical stimuli after injection into the RF of the inflammatory soup and, thus, may contribute to the hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli associated with cutaneous injury. A large proportion of the A delta-fiber (48%) and C-fiber (30%) afferents in this study were insensitive to mechanical stimuli. The role of these MIAs in sensation needs to be studied further. The electrical search technique enables a systematic study of these afferents to be performed. This technique may also be of use to identify and characterize dorsal horn neurons that have inputs from MIAs.
 ...
PMID:Mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs) in cutaneous nerves of monkey. 180 41

Efficacy and tolerance of an alcoholic solution containing 0.64 mg betamethasone-dipropionate plus 20 mg salicylic acid (Diprosalic Solution) were compared with an alcoholic solution containing 0,64 mg betamethasone-dipropionate in a 3 week double blind study in 100 patients with psoriasis and other steroid-responsive dermatoses of dry nature, comprising scalp and other hairy and non-hairy areas of the body. This double blind study was followed by a 3 week open study in another 100 patients with similar diagnosis, using Diprosalic Solution only. Although the therapeutic results of the double blind study showed no significant differences between both treatment groups, distinct advantages of the drug containing salicylic acid could be clearly demonstrated, such as: 1. More rapid onset of action, 2. rapid clearing of scaling, pruritus and inflammation, 3. these advantages are in compliance with the fact that topically applied salicylic acid softens keratin, loosens cornified epithelium and desquamates the epidermis, making the underlying layers more accessible to the antiinflammatory steroid.
 ...
PMID:[Therapy of erythrosquamous dermatoses. Betamethasone dipropionate plus salicylic acid in comparison with betamethasone dipropionate solution]. 622 42

Psychophysical experiments were done to test the possibility that a single receptor population signals both itch and pain by generating different patterns of activity for each type of stimulus. Electrical stimulation of hairy skin evoked pruritus in 92% of the subjects tested, and for the majority the pruritus elicited by electrical stimulation felt the same as that provoked by cowhage. The intensity of pruritus increased with the frequency of stimulation with no change in the quality of the sensation from itch to pain. Electrical stimulation of human skin with response patterns obtained from individual cat polymodal nociceptive neurons to pain- and itch-producing stimuli caused no differences in the quality of the evoked pruritic sensations. These results do not support the idea that the same population of primary sensory neurons can produce both itch and pain by changing their pattern of discharge.
 ...
PMID:Itch evoked by electrical stimulation of the skin. 714 37

Eosinophilia and allergic skin reactions are uncommon events after 2-chlorodoxyadenosine (2-CdA, cladribine) administration. A multicentre retrospective analysis of eosinophilia in 360 patients treated with 2-CdA for lymphoid malignancies has been made. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) was diagnosed in 153, hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) in 68, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LGNHL) in 119, high-grade NHL in 2 and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM) in 18 patients. 2-CdA was administered at a dose 0.12 mg/kg/d in 2-h intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive d. The courses were repeated monthly. Patients with HCL received 1 cycle of 2-CdA, with NHL 2-6 (mean 3.5) cycles and with B-CLL 3-6 (mean 5) cycles. Twenty patients (5.5%), including 5 with HCL, 6 with LGNHL, 7 with B-CLL and 2 with WM, developed peripheral blood eosinophilia. The mean values of absolute eosinophil count were 0.78x10(9)/l (0.58-1.06x10(9)/l), 0.71x10(9)/l (0.52-1.3x10(9)/l), 85 (0.56-1.82x10(9)/l) and 0.75 (0.74-0.76x10(9)/l), respectively. Eosinophilia occurred in 13 patients after 1 course, in 4 after 2 courses, and in 5 after > or =3 courses of the therapy. In 17 cases it resolved spontaneously. Allergic skin lesions with pruritus were noticed in 3 patients simultaneously with an increase in eosinophil count. All of them required antihistaminic drugs and/or corticosteroids. One patient with B-CLL experienced repeated episodes of eosinophilia. The highest incidence of 2-CdA-induced eosinophilia was noticed in patients with MW (11.1%) and HCL (7.4%) who received only 1 cycle of this drug and entered a complete remission. This side effect was less frequently observed in LGNHL and B-CLL, i.e. in 5.0% and 4.6% of cases, respectively. The mechanism of 2-CdA-induced eosinophilia is not clear. It has been postulated that massive tumour cell lysis may trigger a release of IL-5 and probably other cytokines. The allergic mechanism of 2-CdA-induced eosinophilia is also possible, especially in patients with simultaneous skin reactions.
 ...
PMID:2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine)-related eosinophilia in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. 933 19

A 3-year-old girl presented with recurrent urticarial eruptions presumed due to infestation of her garden with Euproctis edwardsi, Euproctis edwardsi, the mistletoe browntail moth is a variety of hairy caterpillar widely distributed in south-eastern Australia. They are often called 'woolly bears' by children. These caterpillars possess barbed hairs that fragment readily and are difficult to extract from the skin in one piece. Itching urticarial wheals and papular eruptions can follow contact with the caterpillars or their detached hairs. The hairlets may be identified by microscopy from skin scrapings and can be removed by tape stripping or with the aid of fine forceps. The skin lesions are treated symptomatically with calamine lotion, sodium bicarbonate solution and antihistamines. Infestation with Euproctis edwardsi can be minimized by removal of mistletoe from eucalyptus trees and by spraying affected areas with white oil or carbaryl 0.1%.
 ...
PMID:Caterpillar dermatitis. 943 13

Chronic urticaria is a common clinical disorder that is idiopathic in over 75% of cases. Less commonly, urticaria may be the presenting manifestation of an allergic or infectious disease, endocrinopathy, inherited syndrome, or autoimmune disorder. Rarely, urticaria may be a sign of underlying malignancy, including leukemia. C.C. is a 48-year-old white female who was referred for evaluation of recurrent urticaria for 3 years. The pruritic, erythematous wheals were pinpoint, and appeared to be precipitated by heat, stress, and effort. Prick tests were negative except to D. pteronyssinus. CBCs over the past 5 years revealed WBCs of 2,300-5,000 cells/mm3. Skin biopsy revealed interstitial edema with infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells consistent with urticaria. The impression was probable cholinergic urticaria, for which hydroxyzine was prescribed with fair symptomatic control. One year later, she presented with bright red blood per rectum. Repeat physical examination revealed lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Subsequent laboratory studies showed pancytopenia. Endoscopy was normal except for small, nonbleeding hemorrhoids. Bone marrow biopsy revealed histologic evidence of hair, cell leukemia that was treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Upon initiation of chemotherapy her pruritus and urticaria subsided. Recent CBC revealed Hgb 9.2 g/dL, platelets 290,000 cells/mm3, and WBC 4,100 cells/mm3. Peripheral blood smear showed no hairy cells.
 ...
PMID:Chronic urticaria as a presenting sign of hairy cell leukemia. 1007 10

A total of 74 specimens was obtained from the normal human skin of patients from 3 to 90 years old. The specimens were roughly classified into 5 groups: 15 for the face group from the face; 15 for the abdomen group from the abdomen; 13 for the back group from the back; 14 for the arm group from the upper arm and forearm; and 17 for the leg group from the thigh and lower leg. They were all fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 14% saturated picric acid. Cryostat sections were examined by the immunoperoxidase method and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Primary antibodies against neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and S-100 protein were used. The most effective method was found to be the combination of IF with PGP 9.5; it visualized the intraepidermal nerve fibers easily and clearly. Of the 74 specimens, 32 (43%) had intraepidermal PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (or nerve) fibers (IPIF), and 42 (57%) did not have any. With reference to the different skin locations, the maximal rate of specimens having IPIF was 57% in the arm group, and the minimum was 23% in the back group. IPIF positive specimens had approximate surface lengths of 6 mm, in which the existence number of the IPIF was 1 to 75. Their distribution density per 1000 epidermal basal cells was highest at 9.63 in the arm group and lowest at 2.89 in the back group. Their thickness was 2.94 +/- 0.83 microns with no significant differences among the five groups. We concluded that intraepidermal nerve fibers may not be distributed evenly in the hairy portions of normal human skin, but they may be present focally. Physiologically, two-point discrimination of itch may be explained by the distribution mode of intraepidermal nerve fibers.
 ...
PMID:Distribution density of intraepidermal nerve fibers in normal human skin. 1132 Jul 8

Vetch associated disease (hairy vetch poisoning) was observed in 8 herds of dairy cows in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. In the pasture where 4 of these 8 herds were, Vicia villosa was the only vetch species represented, while cattle in the remaining 4 herds had access to both V villosa and V sativa but with large predominance of the former. Observed clinical signs included fever, dramatic drop in milk yield, thickening and wrinkling of the skin with multifocal plaques of alopecia, pruritus, conjunctivitis, nasal and ocular serous discharge, loss of weight and diarrhea. The mean morbidity in the 8 affected herds, representing 219 cattle, was 11.1% and the mortality was 100%. The duration of the clinical disease varied from 10 to 30 d. Gross lesions consisted of multifocal to coalescing grey-white soft to moderately firm nodules which infiltrated several organs, but were particularly prominent in lymph nodes, adrenal, renal cortex, spleen, liver, and myocardium. Microscopically the lesions consisted of extensive cellular infiltration composed of variable proportions of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells; variable numbers of eosinophils were present in the inflammatory foci of several organs, but they were more prominent in the myocardium.
 ...
PMID:Systemic granulomatous disease in Brazilian cattle grazing pasture containing vetch (Vicia spp). 1508 Feb 4

On the basis of two children with coexistence of atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, authors emphasize similarity of clinical symptoms and chronic, recurrent course of these diseases. Atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis are most common reasons of skin disorders in infants. Location and character of atopic lesions are atypical during infancy. Most often they occur on face and have erythematous-exfoliative and papulovesicular character. Pruritus and anxiety, especially in younger children are often seen. On the contrary seborrhoeic lesions are mostly seen in typical spots, including hairy head skin, where they form characteristic yellow seborrhoeic scales. Usually pruritus is not seen. Authors pay attention to heterogeneous etiopathogenesis of these diseases and underline the importance of early differentiation, which allows application of proper therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic difficulties in differentiation between atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis in infants]. 1649 11


1 2 Next >>