Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the safety, efficacy, and the ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) of epidurally administered butorphanol or morphine, 122 healthy women who underwent cesarean section with epidural anesthesia were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four epidural regimens for the relief of postoperative pain: 5 mg morphine (n = 32), 4 mg butorphanol (n = 30), 2 mg butorphanol (n = 29), or 1 mg butorphanol (n = 31). Epidural morphine provided satisfactory analgesia with slow onset and long duration of approximately 21 hr. When butorphanol was administered, analgesia of rapid onset was seen with increasing duration and effectiveness observed with increasing dose; approximately 8 hr when using 4 mg. Sixty-two percent of the patients who received morphine had pruritus. Somnolence was the main side effect encountered in patients who received epidural butorphanol. The ventilatory response to CO2 was depressed after morphine and after 2 and 4 mg butorphanol, but the duration of depression was more prolonged after morphine. It is concluded that epidural butorphanol is effective in providing pain relief after cesarean section with minor side effects. However, patients must be observed closely because of possible respiratory depression.
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PMID:Epidural butorphanol or morphine for the relief of post-cesarean section pain: ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. 311 91

To determine the safety, efficacy, and the ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) of mini-dose intrathecal morphine, 33 healthy women who underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia using 0.75% bupivacaine in 8.25% dextrose were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive, in a double-blind fashion, either morphine 0.25 mg (group I, n = 11), morphine 0.1 mg (group II, n = 10), or saline (group III, placebo group, n = 12) in 0.5 ml volume mixed with the bupivacaine. In both groups I and II excellent postoperative analgesia with long duration was obtained (27.7 +/- 4.0 and 18.6 +/- 0.9 hours, respectively, X +/- SEM). All patients in group III required an analgesic (8 mg subcutaneous morphine) within 3 hours of spinal anesthesia. Seven patients in group I and four patients in group II developed mild pruritus that did not require treatment. Ventilatory responses to CO2 showed no evidence of depression attributable to either the 0.25 or 0.1 mg of morphine, but significant depression of the CO2 responses was observed in group III patients after administration of subcutaneous morphine. It is concluded that a dose as low as 0.1 mg of intrathecal morphine gives excellent analgesia with minimal to no side effects and that subcutaneous morphine is associated with marked depression of the ventilatory variables.
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PMID:Mini-dose intrathecal morphine for the relief of post-cesarean section pain: safety, efficacy, and ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. 327 78

Of 105 women referred for vulvar discomfort, 77 had idiopathic vulvodynia (pain, dyspareunia, burning or pruritus not explicable by a standard diagnosis). Physical examination showed that patients with those complaints fell into one of two categories: (1) diffuse, irritative acetowhitening of both the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces (42 patients), and (2) painful vestibular erythema, with or without acetowhitening (35 patients). The physical findings appeared to be predictive of therapeutic response. Among women with only diffuse, irritative acetowhitening, low-dose topical 5 fluorouracil was about 75% effective in milder cases, while CO2 laser photovaporization controlled 77% of cases with moderate and severe symptomatology. In contrast, medical regimens succeeded in just 8% of women with painful vestibular erythema, and only 59% were cured by hymenal resection. Several of the remaining cases have responded to selective argon laser photocoagulation of the hyperemic blood vessels within symptomatic areas.
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PMID:Colposcopic findings in women with vulvar pain syndromes. A preliminary report. 340 14

The safety and effectiveness of continuous epidural fentanyl analgesia (CEFA) in the treatment of blunt chest injury was evaluated by reviewing its use in 40 patients with multiple rib fractures or flail chest. Ventilatory function tests were performed before and after the institution of CEFA and mean changes calculated. The use of CEFA was associated with significant improvement in vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure (p less than 0.05). Minute ventilatory volumes and tidal volumes also showed slight improvement. There was no significant change in arterial CO2 tension with the institution of CEFA, and 85% of patients had good pain relief with CEFA. None of these patients required any other narcotic administration. Documented complications associated with CEFA included pruritus, urinary retention, and transient hypotension. There were no major associated complications. The results suggest that CEFA is a safe, effective method of pain control that acts to improve ventilatory function in patients with blunt chest trauma.
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PMID:Continuous epidural fentanyl analgesia: ventilatory function improvement with routine use in treatment of blunt chest injury. 368 33

In our clinic, as a rule, we do not treat vaginal condylomata. They are usually subclinical and asymptomatic. When atypia is present on biopsy, they should be treated in the same manner as vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. When vaginal discharge and pruritus are present, infection should be searched for and treated. When condylomata are seen with the naked eye, colposcopy has shown that there were many more, too small to be seen, so that local therapy seems a waste of time. If on colposcopic examination only a few condyloma acuminata are located, then therapy is defendable. CO2 laser therapy should be preferred to other modalities until a systemic treatment is available and safe.
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PMID:Vaginal condylomata: a human papillomavirus infection. 627 36

In a randomized double-blind study the influence of morphine 0.5 mg on the development and regression of spinal anaesthesia, the postoperative analgesia and the side effects were investigated. Forty-two patients received an isobaric spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine 20 mg without morphine (n = 19) or with morphine 0.5 mg (n = 23). The sensory blockade was tested by pinprick; the patients evaluated their postoperative pain with an analogue scale. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and side effects determined. In the test group the cranial level of anaesthesia was during the development (p greater than 0.05) and regression (p less than 0.05) half to three segments higher than in the control group. The postoperative analgesia was more intense and longer lasting with morphine than without (p less than 0.05). Following morphine, P art CO2 was higher (p less than 0.05), the respiratory rate lower (p less than 0.05). Pruritus, nausea, vomiting and disturbances of micturition were more frequent. Following spinal anaesthesia with a deeper level of anaesthesia at T8-T11 the postoperative analgesia was superior than following spinal anaesthesia with a higher level of anaesthesia at T3-T4 (p less than 0.05). Only following higher levels of anaesthesia there was evidence of respiratory depression (p less than 0.05). This is why the level of spinal anaesthesia with the addition of morphine must not be higher than necessary for surgery.
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PMID:[0.5 mg intrathecal morphine in spinal anesthesia. A double blind study on sensory block, postoperative analgesia and adverse effects]. 639 May 47

Five women with intractable pruritus vulvae, in whom standard therapy had failed to cure the condition, were treated by CO2 laser beam application. Results at one year were good in one patient and excellent in four.
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PMID:Treatment of pruritus vulvae by means of CO2 laser. 642 58

The common wart has been a ubiquitous problem throughout recorded history. In recent times, the genital wart has assumed more and more importance. These viral growths cause itching and burning as well as more severe problems. Treatment traditionally has included a large variety of preparations from nature. Subsequently, man-made chemicals were used along with freezing, burning, and surgical excision. Because of the pain, bleeding, scarring, and high recurrence rate with these treatments, a study was instituted in 1978 to evaluate the advantages of the CO2 laser for treatment of this condition. Results have been excellent, far exceeding what we expected. Recurrence rate has been under 2%. The control group had the usual high rate of persistence and recurrence. Recent work pointing to a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cancer of the female genitals suggests an increasing need for early, vigorous, and more effective treatment of these lesions.
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PMID:Treatment of condyloma acuminata with carbon dioxide laser: a prospective study. 647 29

The effects of epinephrine 1/200,000 as an adjuvant to epidural morphine were investigated in three healthy male volunteers, during 26-h observation sessions. Peak blood concentrations of morphine were 44 +/- 12.9 ng/ml after plain morphine and 13.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml after epinephrine-morphine. Cutaneous hypalgesia was more intense, faster in onset, and longer in duration after epinephrine-morphine than after plain morphine, and analgesia to ice-water immersion of extremities lasted longer. Adverse side effects of pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty of micturition were also more intense after epinephrine-morphine, and respiratory sensitivity to CO2 was depressed more severely between 6 and 16 h. The results indicated that epinephrine 1/200,000 reduces vascular absorption of epidural morphine and intensifies all the manifestations of cord and brainstem uptake.
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PMID:Influence of epinephrine as an adjuvant to epidural morphine. 682 60

The authors reviewed the records of 50 patients with carcinoma in situ of the vulva seen at the State University of New York at Buffalo affiliated hospitals. Five patients (10%) were found to be immunosuppressed and 12 (24%) had other preinvasive and invasive genital or extragenital neoplasia. Of 43 patients whose symptomatology was available, almost half (46.5%) were asymptomatic. The most common symptom was vulvar itching in 18 (42%), and 32 (65%) patients had white vulvar lesions. Thirteen patients underwent vulvectomy, 23 underwent wide local excision, 8 underwent skinning and skin graft, 3 underwent topical 5-fluorouracil treatment, and 2 underwent CO2 laser treatment. On follow-up there were 6 patients with recurrent and/or persistent disease. Two recurrences followed wide local excision. Topical 5-fluorouracil failed in all 3 patients and CO2 laser failed in 1 of the 2 underwent laser treatment. There were 5 patients with invasive disease. In 3, diagnostic biopsy failed to reveal invasive neoplasia before surgical excision, and invasion was noted after 5-fluorouracil application in one and after CO2 laser treatment in another. All recurrences responded to therapy. In 41 patients followed up for 3 months to 11 years, there were no cancer-related deaths.
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PMID:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. 712 15


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