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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Actual incidence of vulvovaginitis is unknown, but apparently about 75% of women experience at least 1 episode of yeast vulvovaginitis during their reproductive years. Candida species causes almost all cases, e.g., Candida albicans causes about 90% of cases. Other species include C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The spore form of C. albicans spreads the infection and is asymptomatic. The mycelia form induces symptoms. Neither C. glabrata nor C. tropicalis produce mycelia. The 1st step in establishing an infection is bonding to the vaginal mucosa. C. albicans adheres better than do the other 2 species. Proteolytic enzymes help the fungus bind to the mucosa. Research indicates that differences in the composition of normal vaginal bacteria, dearths in site functions that are specific for Candida, or prostaglandin or IgE interference with the cellular mediated immune response specific to Candida may be responsible for recurrent infections. The signs and symptoms of yeast vulvovaginitis are not clear cut so clinicians need to request laboratory tests on samples to confirm diagnosis. The most common symptom is considerable itching. Antifungal medicine is either topical or systemic. The most common yet oldest antifungal agent is 0.5-1% gentian violet applied topically to the affected mucous membranes. There is dome evidence, however, that it causes chromosome damage in some mammal cells. No reported cases of cancer in humans exist though. Imidazoles and polyene compounds constitute the mainstays of candidiasis treatment. Oral ketoconazole has shown promise in preventing recurrence. Colonization and symptomatic vaginitis rates rise during pregnancy. Symptomatic vaginitis is most common during the 3rd trimester. Diabetes mellitus also predisposes women to vaginitis. Women who use high dose oral contraceptives, the contraceptive sponge, and antibiotics also face increased risk of colonization and symptomatic vaginitis. Vaginitis is common among women with AIDS.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1991 Dec
PMID:Fungal vulvovaginitis. 181 23

An outbreak of Gnathostoma larva migrans occurred among guests of a New Year's party in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Nine people who consumed a raw fish dish called 'Hu-sae' contracted the disease. Five of them developed gastro-intestinal symptoms consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea as early as within the first 24 hours, while in the other four, symptoms started on the following day. After the initial symptoms pertaining to the gut, malaise, chest discomfort, cough, myalgia, weakness, itching and migratory swellings were experienced. Eosinophilia was demonstrated in every patient with a mean (+/- SE) count of 5,516 +/- 1,010 cells/cu mm. Detection of antibody against aqueous extracts of G. spinigerum adult antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a titer of 1:1,600 or greater in every patients except one who had a titer of 1:400 (positive greater than or equal to 1:400). This outbreak illustrates the high attack rate when heavily infected fish are consumed.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991 Dec
PMID:Gnathostoma larva migrans among guests of a New Year party. 182 91

Immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in six low- or non-responded health-care workers were tested with an intradermal low dose (5 micrograms) of the recombinant vaccine. The injection was repeated three or four times at fortnightly intervals. These successive doses of the vaccine induced a high concentration of antibodies with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions in all six subjects. A few minor temporary side effects, such as irritation and itching at the injection site, were reported by some of the vaccinees. The results suggest low-dose of intradermal HBV vaccinations for low- or non-responders are safe and readily effective.
Acta Med Okayama 1991 Dec
PMID:Intradermal hepatitis B virus vaccination for low- or non-responded health-care workers. 183 29

Disseminated rash and pruritus are described in an 82-year-old woman with chronic renal failure following administration of oral vancomycin hydrochloride 125 mg q6h for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Renal function was estimated to be 0.27 mL/s based on a serum creatinine of 177 mumol/L. After eight days of therapy, she developed a slightly raised maculopapular rash on her legs and torso, which spread to her abdomen and arms with continued treatment. Vancomycin was discontinued and the patient was treated symptomatically. The rash cleared and did not recur. Rechallenge with vancomycin was not initiated. No other changes in medications or initiations of new medications occurred during the time of treatment with vancomycin. The patient denied any previous immunologically mediated reactions to medications. Maculopapular rash is rare secondary to vancomycin administration, particularly after oral administration. Although clinically significant serum concentrations can be obtained in patients treated with oral vancomycin who have concomitant C. difficile colitis and renal failure, there has not been a clear correlation between these concentrations and any reported adverse sequelae. This case supports the possible occurrence of a true allergic reaction secondary to low-dose oral vancomycin administration.
DICP 1991 Dec
PMID:Oral vancomycin-induced rash: case report and review of the literature. 184 8

Lichen sclerosus typically affects the vulva of postmenopausal women. Because serum levels of dihydrotestosterone are low in women with vulvar lichen sclerosus and because dihydrotestosterone is an effector androgen in vulvar skin, this double-blind cross-over study assessed five women with vulvar lichen sclerosus to determine the response to treatment with dihydrotestosterone. Objective gross and microscopic improvement in lichen sclerosus accompanied sustained treatment with topical dihydrotestosterone, but not with vehicle alone. However, there was no change in symptoms (itching and dyspareunia) in these women, although dihydrotestosterone did improve some of the features of vulvar lichen sclerosus and may represent a new treatment for this disease.
Obstet Gynecol 1991 Dec
PMID:Treatment of lichen sclerosus with topical dihydrotestosterone. 194 5

For the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis the following groups of drugs are available: decongestants (sympathicomimetics), stabilizers of the mast cell membrane (DNCG, nedocromil), corticosteroids (aerosols), antihistamines, ketotifen, anticholinergics. The world wide use (and abuse) of decongestants (sympathicomimetics) is limited by the so-called rhinopathia medicamentosa, when the necessary treatment exceeds 3 or 4 weeks. The antiallergic preparations like sodiumcromoglycat and nedocromil prevent sneezing, rhinorrhea and eye irritations. Their reported effect is "stabilisation" of the mast cell membrane. They have practical no side effects, but the patients compliance is limited by the short, prophylactic effect, necessitating frequent topical applications up to 6 times daily. As the overall symptom scores are only reduced between 30% to 50%, they are not suited for severe cases of allergic rhinitis. Nedocromil should have a significantly better efficiency than DNCG. The development of efficient topical glucocorticosteroid aerosols was a great progress in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. With daily doses of 100 micrograms to 800 micrograms they are very effective against hypersecretion, sneezing, itching and also blocking of the nose. Because of the so-called "first pass" effect after resorption through the nasal mucosa they have minimal general side effects, especially on the balance of the endocrine system. Their rate local side effects on the nasal respiratory mucosa include local irritations, crusting, dryness and seldom nose bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laryngorhinootologie 1990 Dec
PMID:[The symptomatic therapy of allergic rhinitis]. 196 61

Nasal itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea are troublesome symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Most first-generation H1-receptor agonists achieve a 50% reduction in these symptoms, but their benefits are frequently offset by annoying anticholinergic and sedative side effects. Cetirizine is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine that has little anticholinergic activity and causes significantly less sedation. In addition, it can be given once a day. In placebo-controlled comparisons with terfendadine, both active drugs were comparably effective and significantly better than placebo in relieving sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. In a multicenter, double-blind comparison with placebo, both cetirizine, 10 and 20 mg given once daily, were similarly effective and superior to placebo in reducing the overall symptoms of rhinitis. In another multicenter, double-blind study, cetirizine was comparable with diphenhydramine and significantly superior to placebo in reducing total symptom severity, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and ocular itching. The safety of cetirizine was demonstrated in all studies. Cetirizine tended to be less sedating than diphenhydramine.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990 Dec
PMID:Perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical efficacy of a new antihistamine. 197 94

A multi-center double-blind controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was carried out. Twenty two and 23 patients were treated with 600 mg/day UDCA and placebo, respectively, for 24 weeks. In UDCA-treated patients, fall of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities started within 4 weeks after start of the trial and continued throughout the trial period. The serum IgM level fell in 7 UDCA-treated patients examined but not in 10 placebo-treated patients examined. Serum bilirubin concentration showed no significant change at the end of the study in either of UDCA- and placebo-treated group of patients. There was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to the frequency of improvement of pruritus. In UDCA-treated patients, serum bile acid composition changed markedly, though its concentration showed no significant change. The percentage of total bile acid which ursodeoxycholic acid took up increased, whereas those which cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid took up were decreased.
Gastroenterol Jpn 1990 Dec
PMID:A multi-center double-blind controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis. 198 Jun 54

The occurrence of neuropeptides was studied in neurofibromas of von Recklinghausen's disease by indirect immunofluorescence. All non-plexiform cutaneous neurofibromas contained abundant vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine-isoleucine and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves. The nerves were small and unmyelinated. Neuropeptides might be responsible for itch that occurs especially in small cutaneous neurofibromas. Neuropeptides are also suggested to act as modulators and/or trophic factors for neurofibroma growth.
J Cutan Pathol 1990 Dec
PMID:Neuropeptides in cutaneous neurofibromas of von Recklinghausen's disease. 198 73

Until recently, vulvar diseases have not been given sufficient attention by gynecologists. This might be attributable to the timidity of patients with chronic vulvar pruritus, tumor or dyspareunia, which delays diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the nomenclature of vulvar disease was complicated by having been adapted from various dermatological disorders. Only following the establishment of the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease (ISSVD) and of specialized clinics, has awareness increased and more attention is now being paid to vulvar disorders. The findings in 242 patients seen during the first year of operation of a vulvar clinic were analyzed. The most common presenting symptom was chronic vulvar pruritus. Non-neoplastic epithelial disorder (dystrophy) was the most common histological finding in the 79 women with pruritus, while 2 were diagnosed as having vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1 had basal cell carcinoma. In contrast, vulvar vestibulitis was the main diagnosis in 34 women referred for vulvar pain (vulvodynia). Vulvodynia was also associated with other inflammatory processes and with human papilloma virus (HPV) lesions (condylomata). The primary finding in 26 women referred for evaluation of a vulvar "tumor" was epidermal cyst. In only 55 (75.5%) of the 73 referred for suspected HPV lesions was the histologic diagnosis confirmatory. In addition, a few vulvar ulcers were associated with HPV. A single treatment with carbon dioxide laser eradicated the HPV lesions in 93% of the cases. The vulvar clinic contributes to the ambulatory gynecological service by concentrating diagnosis and treatment in a single specialized unit and increases understanding of, and interest in vulvar disease.
Harefuah 1990 Dec 16
PMID:[The vulvar clinic]. 207 59


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