Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of an antihistamine, chlorpheniramine, in suppressing chloroquine-related pruritus has been investigated in 38 patients, employing two modes of therapy. In the first treatment mode, chloroquine and chlorpheniramine were given concomitantly to the patient, and in the second treatment mode, chlorpheniramine was given 3 h after chloroquine ingestion. The extent of suppression of the pruritus with the first treatment mode was 40% but with the second mode it was 70%. The onset of itching was always delayed usually by 6-10 h. Bringing the time of antihistamine therapy closer to the onset for the reaction therefore, increased the extent to which pruritus was suppressed.
J Clin Pharm Ther 1991 Dec
PMID:Onset of pruritogenicity of chloroquine and the implication for the timing of suppressive therapy. 177 74

Cutaneous sensibility and neurogenic vasodilatation (flare) were measured before, during and after long-term topical application of capsaicin in humans. Each subject applied a vehicle cream containing 0.075% capsaicin (Axsain, GalenPharma Inc.) to a 4 cm2 area of skin on one volar forearm and vehicle alone to an identical treatment area on the other forearm, according to a double-blind procedure. Each substance was applied 4 times/day for 6 weeks. Psychophysical measurements of sensory detection thresholds, magnitude of suprathreshold heat pain, magnitude and duration of histamine-induced itch and flare area were obtained before, at 1, 3 and 7 days after the first application, and once a week thereafter for a total of 8 weeks. Capsaicin produced mild burning in all subjects which diminished in magnitude and duration over several weeks. Capsaicin significantly altered detection thresholds for heat pain and the magnitude of pain produced by suprathreshold painful stimuli. Mean detection threshold for heat pain was lowered 1.6 degrees C following 1 day of capsaicin application but subsequently increased to become elevated 3.5 degrees C after 6 weeks of application. In addition, mean magnitude of suprathreshold heat pain diminished progressively after 1 week. Heat pain thresholds returned to or near pretreatment values within 2 weeks after discontinuing application. Detection thresholds for touch, cold sensation and pain induced by low temperature and by mechanical stimulation were not altered by capsaicin. Similarly, capsaicin did not alter the magnitude or duration of itch produced by intradermal injection of 1 microgram histamine. However, the area of flare produced by histamine was significantly reduced in capsaicin-treated skin. These studies demonstrate that prolonged application of capsaicin at low concentration selectively diminishes sensations of heat pain and neurogenic vasodilatation, presumably via desensitization of heat-sensitive nociceptors. It is also shown that the decrease in heat pain is temporary and is maintained with repeated capsaicin application. There appears to be a therapeutic role for capsaicin in cutaneous painful syndromes mediated, at least in part, by activity of heat-sensitive nociceptors.
Pain 1991 Dec
PMID:Early and late effects of prolonged topical capsaicin on cutaneous sensibility and neurogenic vasodilatation in humans. 166 7

We report a case of idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. The patient was a 33-year-old male with a complaint of multiple scrotal nodules, from which white chalky materials occasionally broke out. The nodules were first noticed 17 years ago, and since then gradually increased in size and number. Sometimes he had felt itching on the scrotum, but otherwise he had been in good health. Blood analysis and biochemical analysis revealed normal findings. In addition, there were no abnormal findings in serum electrolyte analysis including calcium and phosphate concentrations. Analysis of the intra-nodular content by infrared spectrophotometry showed that it consisted of calcium phosphate (52%) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (48%). We reviewed the literature and discuss the etiology of this disease.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1991 Dec
PMID:[A case of idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum]. 178 3

The spectral envelope is a major determinant of the perceptual identity of many classes of sound including speech. When sounds are transmitted from the source to the listener, the spectral envelope is invariably and diversely distorted, by factors such as room reverberation. Perceptual compensation for spectral-envelope distortion was investigated here. Carrier sounds were distorted by spectral envelope difference filters whose frequency response is the spectral envelope of one vowel minus the spectral envelope of another. The filter /I/ minus /e/ and its inverse were used. Subjects identified a test sound that followed the carrier. The test sound was drawn from an /Itch/ to /etch/ continuum. Perceptual compensation produces a phoneme boundary difference between /I/ minus /e/ and its inverse. Carriers were the phrase "the next word is" spoken by the same (male) speaker as the test sounds, signal-correlated noise derived from this phrase, the same phrase spoken by a female speaker, male and female versions played backwards, and a repeated end-point vowel. The carrier and test were presented to the same ear, to different ears, and from different apparent directions (by varying interaural time delay). The results show that compensation is unlike peripheral phenomena, such as adaptation, and unlike phonetic perceptual phenomena. The evidence favors a central, auditory mechanism.
J Acoust Soc Am 1991 Dec
PMID:Central, auditory mechanisms of perceptual compensation for spectral-envelope distortion. 178 36

Epidermal cysts are common, benign skin tumors that are found mainly on the face, neck, and trunk. This case was a 53-year-old male bus driver who had suffered from multiple papules on his scrotum for 7 years. This affliction had caused intractable itching and responded poorly to medical treatment. The patient received an excision of these papules (total 32) 3 years ago. According to the pathological reports, these papules were epidermal cysts; unfortunately, these papules recurred within 3 months after the operation and then resulted in itching more severe than before. The patient was again admitted to the hospital ward and received an operation in Oct. 1990. The diseased tissue (14cm x 8cm) was then excised and the defective scrotal skin was covered with a meshed, split-thickness skin graft. The cosmetic result was enhanced by the rugate appearance of the healed meshed graft. The patient was satisfied with both the functional and cosmetic results. The itching sensation on the scrotum improved and there was no recurrence of epidermal cysts within the graft area during the 9 month follow-up period. With this simple and safe operation, the result gave a satisfying improvement in both symptoms and appearance; so this case is offered for reference.
Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1991 Dec
PMID:[Surgical treatment of diffuse scrotal epidermal cysts: case report]. 179 18

Ten carcasses and three vertebral columns from north Norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy. Pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (CNS) of nine goats. Worms found by gross examination were identified as Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1960. Focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic leptomeningitis and perineural infiltrations and granulomas, could be demonstrated in CNS sections from all 13 animals examined. Clinical signs reported were initial pruritus followed by motor weakness, lameness, paresis, reduced vision, circling, abnormal head position, bulging eyes and scoliosis. The disease occurred from September to January in regions with a considerable migrant reindeer population. It was concluded that the reported outbreaks of neurologic disease represented seasonal occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis caused by Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, the elaphostrongyloid nematode of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1991 Dec
PMID:Cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in dairy goats in northern Norway. 179 88

We report the case of 3-year-old girl with condyloma acuminatum. She was brought to our clinic with pruritus, painful urination and four discharge and treated with electrocautery. Histological examination revealed acanthosis, nuclear basophilic inclusions and vacuolar degeneration. In this case, transmission of the human papilloma virus might have occurred during close, non-sexual contact with the infected mother, and the depressed immune response associated with atopic dermatitis appears to have played an important role in the development of the condyloma acuminatum infection.
Hiroshima J Med Sci 1991 Dec
PMID:Condyloma acuminatum in a 3-year old girl. 179 45

The efficacy and the safety of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were evaluated in 22 patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. 0.5 g/0.5 g of IPM/CS was suspended in a lidocaine solution and administered in the gluteal muscle twice a day for 3-7 days. Nineteen patients with intrauterine infections were evaluable for the clinical efficacy and 22 for the safety. 1. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 6 patients, good in 11 and poor in 2, and the efficacy rate was 89.5%. Thirteen out of 14 patients who had not responded to treatments with other previously administered antibiotics showed excellent or good responses to IPM/CS. 2. Causative bacteria were eradicated in 5 patients, decreased in 2, unchanged in 3 and replaced in 3, with an eradication rate of 61.5%. 3. Among 22 patients treated with IPM/CS, an eruption and general itching were observed in 1 patient, but no abnormal laboratory test values were observed.
Jpn J Antibiot 1991 Dec
PMID:[Clinical study of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 179 70

Dose-response relationship of mini-dose intrathecal morphine (0.025-0.125 mg) for analgesia after Cesarean section was studied. Sixty-three patients were randomly divided into six groups by the following intrathecal morphine injection: group 1 (0 mg), group 2 (0.025 mg), group 3 (0.05 mg), group 4 (0.075 mg), group 5 (0.1 mg), and group 6 (0.125 mg). The selected dose of morphine mixed with 2 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg) was administered intrathecally to induce spinal anesthesia. The mean analgesia duration in each group was 3.6 +/- 2.0, 10.6 +/- 7.1, 17.3 +/- 13.8, 25.6 +/- 7.5, 33.9 +/- 10.1, and 39.5 +/- 11.9 h respectively (mean +/- SD). In morphine groups, duration of analgesia was significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than control group (0 mg), and the first 24 h pain scores were also lower (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, a significant linear dose-response relationship between analgesic duration and the dose of intrathecal morphine was revealed (y = 3.28 + 295.5x, r2 = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Among morphine groups, analgesic quality was significantly better in patients in groups 4-6 than those in group 2 and 3 (p less than 0.05), so as in the proportion of effective analgesia in the first 24 h (p less than 0.01). Neonatal condition was not adversely affected by such mini-dose of intrathecal morphine. The most common maternal adverse effect observed was pruritus, and its incidence was significantly greater in groups 3-6 than in the control group (p less than 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among all morphine groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1991 Dec
PMID:Mini-dose intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean section analgesia. 180 Aug 72

A role for histamine in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus was investigated in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Venous plasma histamine levels, as determined by radioenzymatic assay, were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in hemodialysis patients with pruritus (368 +/- 103 pg/ml [mean +/- SEM], n = 6) than in those without pruritus (146 +/- 22 pg/ml, n = 5) and in normal controls (142 +/- 16, n = 5). Arteriovenous fistula histamine levels (202 +/- 52 pg/ml, n = 6) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than simultaneously drawn venous samples. Markedly elevated histamine-degrading enzyme (histaminase) activities were found in both hemodialysis patients with (2.95 +/- 0.18 pg histamine degraded/minute) and without (2.44 +/- 0.28) pruritus, but was undetectable in normal controls. Histaminase activities did not significantly differ in simultaneously drawn venous and fistula samples. With hemodialysis, histaminase activities fell significantly (p less than 0.01), whereas plasma histamine did not change. We further examined the effects of ketotifen, a putative mast cell stabilizer, on severe uremic pruritus. Five of five patients had significant (p less than 0.01) reductions in pruritus, as judged on a six-point pruritus index, after 8 weeks of drug (x = 2.3), as compared to conventional therapy (x = 5.9). Despite these improvements, no significant differences were noted in pre- versus post-drug plasma histamine levels, histaminase activities, or the histamine content per gram of skin biopsy specimen. These data support prior hypotheses that mast cell activation contributes to the pruritus of uremia.
Int J Dermatol 1991 Dec
PMID:Elevated plasma histamine in chronic uremia. Effects of ketotifen on pruritus. 181 35


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