Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of once daily cetirizine in alleviating the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. Subjects were adults with perennial allergic rhinitis, characterized by nasal congestion, postnasal discharge, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, lacrimation, ocular itching, and itching of the roof of the mouth, and a total pretreatment symptom severity score of greater than or equal to 8. Patients were randomized to treatment with 10 mg cetirizine, 20 mg cetirizine, or placebo for 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed in 215 patients and safety in 216. Cetirizine in once daily dosages of 10 or 20 mg proved to be effective in relieving the overall symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis and particularly postnasal discharge and sneezing. The 10-mg dose afforded optimal symptomatic relief, and the 20-mg dose provided little or no additional benefit. Cetirizine was well tolerated, and the frequency of somnolence was not significantly greater in patients receiving this drug than in those given placebo.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of cetirizine therapy in perennial allergic rhinitis. 134 5

The efficacy and safety of cetirizine were evaluated in 419 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Using a 4-way, double-blind randomization schedule, patients were given a 1-week course of once daily cetirizine (5, 10, or 20 mg) or placebo. Patient and physician efficacy ratings corresponded, indicating superiority of cetirizine to placebo (P less than .05) in reducing symptom severity scores for sneezing, rhinorrhea, ocular pruritus, nasal pruritus, watering of the eyes, and redness of the eyes. All cetirizine doses achieved higher efficacy ratings (72.7%, 79.2%, and 75.7%, respectively) than placebo (52.9%; P less than .05) by the physician's global assessment. Cetirizine was well tolerated, with sedation being the most common adverse experience, increasing in frequency at higher doses. A dose-response relationship was evident for selected symptoms, and the once daily 5-mg dose was found to be an effective minimum dose.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of cetirizine and placebo in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis. 167 94

The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist claimed to have minimal sedative property was evaluated in 28 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Cetirizine 10 mg and placebo were compared in a double-blind cross-over trial. Response was measured by patients with daily charts on itch and wheals. Response was also assessed by patients and investigators while on cetirizine and placebo on an analogue scale. The mean analogue score by the investigator while on cetirizine (64.6 mm) was better than while on placebo (47.0 mm) (p = 0.008). Reduction of itch with cetirizine was significantly greater than with placebo. The mean itch scores for placebo and cetirizine were 21.2 and 14.5 respectively (p = 0.01) showing a significant improvement of itch by cetirizine. The mean score for wheal response for placebo and cetirizine were 21.0 and 16.16 respectively (p = 0.07 NS) showing a reduction of wheal from cetirizine was greater than placebo but the difference was not statistically significant. The patients' mean visual analogue score for placebo was 38.4 and for cetirizine was 57.5 (p = 0.006). Cetirizine was significantly better in controlling symptoms of chronic urticaria than placebo. Five of the 28 (17.9%) patients reported mild drowsiness while taking cetirizine. Two patients reported drowsiness while on placebo. Tolerance was reported as good in 85%, moderate in 10% and bad in 5% according to patients' assessment, while tolerance was excellent and good in 80%, moderate in 15% of patients according to investigator's assessment.
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PMID:Cetirizine vs placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria--a double blind randomised cross-over study. 168 78

Cutaneous reactivity to mosquito bites was examined in 27 adult volunteers exposed to Aedes communis mosquitoes. Twenty-three subjects showed a combination of immediate wealing and delayed bite-papules, two subjects each experienced only immediate or delayed cutaneous reactions and two were non-responsive to the bites. The mean size of wealing and the mean score of pruritus was similar in 19 non-atopic and in eight atopic volunteers. These results confirm that normal subjects exhibit different stages of sensitization to mosquito bites. At the onset of the mosquito season, immunoblotting showed that four of 21 subjects (19%) had IgG-class antibodies to a recently described 21.5 kD Aedes communis mosquito antigen. After a 10-day exposure to a mean of 47 mosquito bites, these antibodies were found in 10 subjects (48%) who exhibited both strong and weak cutaneous bite-lesions. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study with cetirizine 10 mg was performed to examine the effect of this non-sedating antihistamine on mosquito bites. The bite lesions were measured and pruritus scored at 15 min, 60 min, 12 hr, and 24 hr. Cetirizine decreased significantly immediate wealing and pruritus (P less than 0.01), but had no effect on the delayed symptoms. This result supports the view that immediate mosquito-bite reactions are histamine-mediated.
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PMID:Cutaneous reactivity to mosquito bites: effect of cetirizine and development of anti-mosquito antibodies. 168 11

The peripheral histamine-inhibiting and central sedative effects of single oral doses (SOD) and of repeated administration for one week (steady state, SS), of 20 mg hydroxyzine HCL and 10 mg cetirizine have been assessed in 12 healthy volunteers, in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Peripheral H1-receptor antagonism was estimated as the reduction in the area of the flare and the duration of the itch after intradermal injection of histamine 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms. CNS effects were assessed by a battery of computerized neuropsychological tests and seven visual analogue scales. Drug compliance was ascertained by plasma level determinations. Cetirizine 10 mg (SOD) produced a more pronounced peripheral effect than 20 mg hydroxyzine, whereas hydroxyzine but not cetirizine, showed a significant sedative action in the relevant rating scales. These effects vanished during steady state, suggesting adaptation to the initial sedative effect of hydroxyzine in most of the subjects. No sedative effect of cetirizine was demonstrated. There was no impairment at group level in the neuropsychological tests after the SOD or SS treatment. However, six subjects who showed sedation in the analogue ratings after hydroxyzine, displayed significantly impaired performance after hydroxyzine SOD. The findings are discussed in relation to the individual characteristics of the study groups.
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PMID:Peripheral antihistamine and central sedative effects of single and continuous oral doses of cetirizine and hydroxyzine. 168 50

The effects of oral cetirizine on spontaneous and provoked urticaria were evaluated in two studies. In a double-blind crossover trial, 30 patients with idiopathic urticaria received 10 or 20 mg of cetirizine or placebo. Cetirizine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the incidence of erythema, wheals, and pruritus. No serious side effects were reported. In the second study of ten patients with chronic urticaria, immediate and delayed reactions to injected autologous serum, histamine, kallikrein, and synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF)-acether were inhibited by 10 mg of cetirizine. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of cetirizine may involve inhibition of PAF-induced influx of eosinophils.
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PMID:Cetirizine in the treatment of chronic urticaria. 182 14

This double-blind, multicentre study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine 120 mg with cetirizine 10 mg, each taken once daily, in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Two hundred and eighty-five patients were recruited to the study by nine general practice centres in the south of England during the 1989 hay-fever season. Symptom severity was assessed daily by the patient and before and after the one-week treatment period by the investigator. At the second clinic visit both patient and investigator assessed the overall response to treatment. The two treatment groups were well matched for all demographic variables and baseline symptom scores. Improvement in all seven symptoms (nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itching nose, itching eyes, watery eyes and red eyes) and overall response to treatment were similar in both treatment groups. Adverse events were mainly of mild to moderate severity and were reported by 14 patients on terfenadine and 21 patients treated with cetirizine (p = 0.317). This study confirmed terfenadine's role as the treatment of choice in hayfever. A single 120 mg dose in the morning effectively reduced symptoms by 43 to 70 per cent of baseline values, with an acceptably low incidence of side effects. Cetirizine at a single dose of 10 mg displayed equal efficacy in controlling hayfever symptoms but, in common with other studies, had a significantly greater incidence of drowsiness (p = 0.046).
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PMID:Multicentre, double-blind comparison of terfenadine and cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 197 16

Cetirizine is a new selective H1-antagonist. In a double-blind and placebo-controlled study, 11 subjects underwent a conjunctival provocation test (CPT) with a grass pollen extract to determine the effect of cetirizine on allergen-induced itching and redness of the eye. Results of CPTs were reproducible, as no difference was observed between the CPTs performed without any pre-treatment and the CPTs after placebo. Compared to placebo, cetirizine administered orally (10 mg twice a day for 4 days) and in double-blind fashion increased the conjunctival reaction threshold (P less than 0.004) by inhibiting both redness and itching of the eye. Cetirizine should protect patients against allergic conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Effect of cetirizine in a conjunctival provocation test with allergens. 197 48

Nasal itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea are troublesome symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Most first-generation H1-receptor agonists achieve a 50% reduction in these symptoms, but their benefits are frequently offset by annoying anticholinergic and sedative side effects. Cetirizine is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine that has little anticholinergic activity and causes significantly less sedation. In addition, it can be given once a day. In placebo-controlled comparisons with terfendadine, both active drugs were comparably effective and significantly better than placebo in relieving sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. In a multicenter, double-blind comparison with placebo, both cetirizine, 10 and 20 mg given once daily, were similarly effective and superior to placebo in reducing the overall symptoms of rhinitis. In another multicenter, double-blind study, cetirizine was comparable with diphenhydramine and significantly superior to placebo in reducing total symptom severity, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and ocular itching. The safety of cetirizine was demonstrated in all studies. Cetirizine tended to be less sedating than diphenhydramine.
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PMID:Perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical efficacy of a new antihistamine. 197 94

The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist with minimal sedative or anticholinergic side effects was evaluated in 30 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. In the first part of the study, cetirizine 10 mg and placebo were compared in a double-blind cross-over trial. In the second part, patients who did not respond adequately in the first part were randomized, still double-blind, to receive 10 mg cetirizine either once daily or twice daily. In the first part, treatment was discontinued by 17 patients on placebo and two patients on cetirizine because of lack of efficacy. Cetirizine dihydrochloride was found significantly to reduce occurrence of weals, erythema and pruritus compared with placebo (P less than 0.001). Twenty-six of the patients improved on cetirizine and two on placebo. Mild sedation was noted by two patients on cetirizine and by one on placebo.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic urticaria with cetirizine dihydrochloride a non-sedating antihistamine. 290 Jun 48


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