Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) constantly inflict mechanical damage to their skin by scratching induced by pruritus. On excoriated lesions of the cheek we found exceedingly high levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as compared to those in the normal skin of healthy subjects. However, it is not clear whether the skin of patients with AD also shows an abnormally slow recovery after mechanical damage. We compared the recovery of the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), after its complete removal by tape stripping, in patients with AD and age-matched healthy control subjects. On the normal-looking skin of the flexor forearm, we found no difference in the recovery process of the water barrier function of the SC between the two groups. This suggests that ability to reconstruct SC barrier function after mechanical damage is not impaired in AD patients.
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PMID:Normal recovery of the stratum corneum barrier function following damage induced by tape stripping in patients with atopic dermatitis. 921 38

The feasibility of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of tranilast (N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid) for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars was evaluated in hairless rats and humans. A drug electrode containing tranilast 1.5 ml (8 mg/ml in ethanol/water (8/2, v/v) mixture) was placed on the dorsal skin surface of anaesthetised rats or the affected parts of patients, and connected to the negative pole; an electric current (0.5-4 mA for rats, 2 mA for people) was pulsed through at one minute intervals. Tranilast was effectively delivered transdermally iontophoretically into the restricted skin tissues of hairless rats and the affected parts of four patients with hypertrophic scars with no skin damage. In four other patients tranilast given iontophoretically for a period of 30 minutes a week reduced the patients' complaints of pain and itching after only one or two treatments although there were some variations among patients. These results indicate that the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tranilast is a useful treatment for keloid and hypertrophic scars, particularly for relieving pain and itching, and is more beneficial than tranilast given orally.
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PMID:Treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars by iontophoretic transdermal delivery of tranilast. 923

Twenty male alcoholics (age: 40-60 years) abstinent for 2 weeks and affected by liver steatosis with positive laboratory indexes of biliary stasis (increased levels of total and free bilirubin, gamma glutamil transpeptidase and hepatic alkaline phosphatase) were treated for 3 weeks with 500 ml/day p.o. of placebo (aqua fontis) (Group I:N. 10) or sulfureous sulfate calcic water of the "Pergoli" spring-Tabiano (Parma, Italy) (Group II: N. 10). The abovementioned laboratory indexes of biliary stasis were measured in groups I and II before and after water treatments and were compared to values obtained in 10 age-matched normal male subjects. In addition, both before and after water treatments, alcoholic patients underwent a double blind test, where individual sensations of itch were scored. Finally, in order to establish the effect of water treatments on gallbladder contraction, the bidimensional areas at maximal longitudinal and transverse diameters were echographically evaluated in alcoholics before (time 0) and 20, 40 and 60 minutes after drinking in 10 minutes a 500 ml load of placebo (Group I) or Pergoli water (Group II). The results showed a significant reduction in the measured gallbladder area in group II alcoholics, but not in patients of group I. Furthermore, three weeks of treatment with Pergoli water significantly reduced to normal total and direct bilirubin levels, the enzyme markers of biliary stasis and the subjective sensation of itch. These parameters did not change in alcoholics of group I after placebo treatment. These data demonstrate that the oral administration of sulfureous sulfate calcic water Pergoli exerts a cholagogue activity in humans. The cholagogue activity together with the wellknown choleretic effect of this water argue in favor of the possibility for its use as support treatment to the therapy of biliary stasis in alcoholism.
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PMID:[Choleretic and cholagogic effect of sulphuric sulfate water from the springs of Tobiano in cholestasis in alcohol related liver diseases]. 937 33

Increased mortality in a flock of non-breeding mute swans (Cygnus olor) on a Scottish loch was investigated. Postmortem examinations were carried out on eight adult and six immature swans. The commonest cause of death, found in eight birds, was lead poisoning associated with the ingestion of large lead fishing weights. Heavy parasitic burdens were found in five immature birds, involving combinations of the gizzard worm Amidostomum species, the thornyheaded worms Polymorphus minutus and Profilicollis anatis, and the tracheal trematode Orchipedum tracheicola. Other parasites of lesser significance were the biting louse Trinoton anserinum, the tapeworm Wardoides nyrocae, the hairworm Capillaria species and the intestinal trematode Echinoparyphium recurvatum. Eight of the 14 swans carried trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae, which may be involved in human cercarial dermatitis or 'swimmers' itch'. It is suggested that the increased mortality arose through a combination of increased numbers of swans on the loch, and a fall in the water level of the loch which exposed the birds to previously inaccessible lead fishing weights and to the intermediate hosts of a range of internal parasites.
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PMID:Lead poisoning and parasitism in a flock of mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Scotland. 946 Feb 17

Associations between socio-economic status and non-communicable diseases in middle income countries have received little study. We conducted an interview survey to evaluate the associations of morbidity with social conditions among people attending government primary care health centres with diabetes mellitus in Trinidad. Data collected included morbidity from hyperglycaemia, foot problems, visual problems and cardiovascular disease, as well as social and demographic variables. Of 622 subjects, 35% were aged > or = 65 years, 54% were Indo-Trinidadian, 13% had no schooling, only 11% were in full-time employment, and 33% had no piped drinking water supply in the home. Prevalent symptoms included itching, reported by 215 (35%), nocturia in 315 (51%), burning or numbness in the feet in 350 (56%), and difficulty with eyesight in 363 (58%). A morbidity summary score was used as dependent variable in regression analyses. Comparing those with no schooling with those with secondary education, the mean difference in morbidity score was 1.77 (95% CI 1.15-2.39), attenuated to 0.71 (0.06-1.37) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnic group and diabetes duration. The equivalent differences for those with no piped water supply in the house, compared with those with, were 0.53 (0.17-0.88) and 0.57 (0.24-0.89). For the unemployed, compared with those in full-time jobs, at ages 15-59 years the differences were 0.85 (0.14-1.56) and 0.58 (-0.11-1.27). We conclude that morbidity in persons with diabetes is associated with indicators of lower socio-economic status and that this association is partly explained by confounding with older age, female gender, longer duration of diabetes and Indo-Trinidadian ethnic group. A negative association between socio-economic status and morbidity from diabetes contributes to a justification for investment of public health resources in the control of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases.
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PMID:Social inequalities in morbidity from diabetes mellitus in public primary care clinics in Trinidad and Tobago. 946 75

We describe two women in whom bathing was regularly followed by intense, widespread burning pain that lasted 15 to 45 minutes, which we term aquadynia. This water-induced pain was not caused by any skin or systemic diseases. We view it as a type of noradrenergic pain induced by contact with water, because it can be blocked with clonidine or propranolol. It appears to be an extension of the phenomenon of aquagenic pruritus, which we have also found to respond to clonidine or propranolol.
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PMID:Aquadynia: noradrenergic pain induced by bathing and responsive to clonidine. 948 16

Thirty patients without obvious skin disease but with subjective skin symptoms related to work with visual display units (VDUs) and 32 healthy persons were single-blind-tested with a solution of 5% lactic acid and pure water on their cheeks. Thirteen of the patients and 6 control persons reacted positively as "stingers" (p < 0.05) in this objective test of sensitive skin. The reason why some patients react with subjective symptoms like itching, burning, stinging, prickling or tingling is unclear. The result of this study, that patients with VDU-related skin symptoms have sensitive skin, does not tell anything about the aetiology of the symptoms. Former studies speak against the role of electric and magnetic fields and indicate that "techno-stress", cognitive factors or flickering from the VDUs or fluorescent tubes could be of importance, as could the Swedish mass media debate.
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PMID:Patients with visual display unit-related facial symptoms are stingers. 949 26

The most common morphological changes in 485 of our ambulatory patients were found on external examination of the anal region (46%). These changes included erosions, fissur and eczema. Regarding the symptoms the predominant complaints were itching and burning in 42.1%. Anal hygiene after defaecation was most commonly done with dry toilet-paper (55%). A change in anal hygiene after defaecation relieves symptoms: By changing from water to moist toilet paper in 9%, from dry toilet paper to moist toilet paper in 30%, from moist toilet paper to water in 32%, an from dry toilet paper to water in 60%. These results confirm known facts regarding the influences of conserving agents an printing materials in dry (often recycled) and moist toilet papers on the skin. These side-effects to be even more pronounced in the compromised skin and suggest that anal hygiene should be done with water only.
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PMID:[Anal hygiene in perianal skin diseases--compatibility of water moist and dry toilet paper]. 953 28

Fifteen cohorts of healthy bathers were recruited at four Lake Leman beaches between 3 July and 23 August 1996 to assess the public health importance of cercarial dermatitis in Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone follow-up interviews were carried out after 2-7 days. Overall, 153 bathers out of 555 reported probable cercarial dermatitis at follow-up. Median daily attack rate was 27.7% (2.2-57.7%). Of the cases, 11.1% noticed more than 30 skin lesions, 19.6% described severe itching, 50.3% used a drug treatment, 3.9% visited a doctor and 15% claimed they would reduce their bathing activities. History of cercarial dermatitis, time spent in the water, hour of the day, barometric pressure and maximum daily atmospheric temperature predicted disease occurrence in multivariate analysis. While a benign disease, cercarial dermatitis may have a negative impact on the local water recreation industry. The identification of risk factors for the disease may help produce better preventive recommendations for the bathers.
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PMID:Public health importance and risk factors for cercarial dermatitis associated with swimming in Lake Leman at Geneva, Switzerland. 969 9

The aim of this study was to compare the irritancy potential of 2 industrial hand cleansers with a brand leader of "mild" children's hand cleanser and with an emollient. The products were tested using repeated open application tests (ROATs) on the forearms of 40 subjects. Scoring of signs and symptoms (itching or burning), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (Corneometer) evaluated responses. On all assessments, the children's hand cleanser was more irritant than the 2 industrial hand cleansers. The children's hand cleanser and industrial hand cleansers were more irritant than the emollient. The finding that a hand cleanser for children was more irritant than 2 industrial hand cleansers was surprising, and one which might hold serious implications for inducing or exacerbating atopic eczema in children. The combination of visual scoring, TEWL and Corneometer readings on ROATs is a potentially useful way of assessing irritancy strength of soap products on human skin.
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PMID:Irritancy of industrial hand cleansers tested by repeated open application on human skin. 1004 52


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