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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Low-humidity dermatoses arise in the work place as a result of low water content of the air. At a relative humidity of 10% or less, the horny layer becomes rigid and brittle. The combination of low humidity, high temperature, and, frequently, rapid air movement dehydrates the outer stratum corneum. This leads to pruritus and, finally, to low-grade eczema. A roughened, scaly stratum corneum becomes more susceptible to mechanical trauma. Microtrauma from small particles can aggravate the dry scaly dermatosis. Low-humidity lesions resolve quickly with the simple expedients of routine use of moisturizers and/or raising the relative humidity.
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PMID:Low humidity and microtrauma. 407 35

The management of the patient with mycosis fungoides requires a variety of therapeutic modalities depending on the stage of the disease. Topically applied nitrogen mustard in the early stages of the disease has a beneficital palliative effect. The effects of nitrogen mustard paintings in the later course of the disease have not been previously reported. In the present study, topically applied nitrogen mustard solution was used to control recurrences of mycosis fungoides following electron beam therapy in 11 patients. Each patient received whole body applications of freshly prepared 10 mg per 50 ml solution of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (a nitrogen mustard) in water daily for seven days. In all patients pruritus disappeared within the first week and ulcers and plaques improved or disappeared in two to four weeks. The seven-day courses of mechlorethamine paintings were repeated as recurrences were noted. Mycosis fungoides was controlled by this therapy for periods ranging up to 15 months. Absence of systemic toxicity, a low incidence of cutaneous irritation and application of the treatments at home make topical nitrogen mustard a useful adjunct in the management of the late stages of mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:Mycosis fungoides. Topical use of nitrogen mustard in recurrent cases. 572 78

Narcotics have been shown to act selectively upon nociceptive synaptic junctions in laminae 1 and 2 of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Subarachnoid or epidural injection of narcotics can produce selective segmental analgesia of great intensity and prolonged duration that is free of motor or sympathetic blockade. However, poorly lipid-soluble drugs, such as morphine, that tend to linger in the water phase of the CSF may spread rostrally to involve opiate receptors in brain stem nuclei. Delayed respiratory depression and lifethreatening apnoea is therefore the greatest danger. Other undesirable side effects include itching, nausea and vomiting and urinary retention. All side-effects are antagonized by naloxone. Intraspinal narcotic analgesia has many useful applications for the relief of acute or chronic pain. Obstetrical pain is less amenable to this approach. Effective and safe management of acute pain requires that the patients be under adequate surveillance to avoid the danger of insidious respiratory depression. Chronic malignant pain is well controlled by relatively small doses of narcotic, and these patients can be managed at home on a long-term basis.
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PMID:Spinal opiate analgesia: its present role and future in pain relief. 614 23

A 42-yr-old white woman reported onset in 1976 of local pruritus, burning, erythema, and edema within minutes after exposure in heat. With more extensive exposure, she occasionally had transient headaches and nausea. In order to investigate the etiology of this condition, her forearm was exposed to water at 44 degree C for 4 min. Within a few minutes, a lesion identical to her spontaneously induced ones developed only at the area exposed to heat. Samples of venous blood from this extremity demonstrated a transient rise in plasma histamine levels without any significant change in serum hemolytic complement activity or in C3, C4, or factor B. These findings suggest that this rare syndrome involves local activation of mediator release from mast cells, without participation of the complement system.
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PMID:Local heat urticaria/angioedema: evidence for histamine release without complement activation. 616 Nov 44

On April 1, 1983, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a disposable vaginal sponge of soft polyurethane foam saturated with 1 gm of nonoxynol-9 as a nonprescription contraceptive offering 2 improvements over products already available: ability to leave in place up to 24 hours, and no need for additional application of spermicide for repeated acts of intercourse. Clinical tests show the sponge to be comparable in effectiveness to other vaginal methods including the diaphragm. Although no major medical complications have been detected in studies of the sponge thus far, concern over the possibility of its causing toxic shock syndrome led the FDA to require package labeling recommending that the product not be used during menstruation. The sponge was developed by the V.L.I. Corporation of California and will be marketed for about $1 under the brand name "Today." The sponge must be moistened with water before insertion to activate the spermicide, and is believed to prevent conception by releasing the spermicide over 24 hours, blocking the cervix to some extent, and absorbing sperm. The sponge has undergone 5 years of clinical testing in the US and abroad and is the 1st nonprescription contraceptive to go through the safety and efficacy tests required for prescription drugs and devices. Controlled, comparative tests conducted by the International Fertility Research Program began in 1979 in volunteers aged 18-40 who were randomly assigned to the sponge or another vaginal method. Available results are based on 1582 sponge users and 1579 controls. The data reviewed by the FDA advisory committee were based on 720 sponge users and a similar number of diaphragm users in the US segment. The 12-month pregnancy rates from the US trials were 15.8/100 women for the sponge and 11.6/100 women with the diaphragm, not a statistically significant difference. The US data suggest that about 4% of users will develop allergic reactions such as itching, irritation, and rash.
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PMID:Food and Drug Administration approves vaginal sponge. 634 10

An otomycosis was found in 80 cases of external otitis on a total of 132. Itching was the characteristic beginning, rapidly followed by pain, conductive hearing loss, tympanic perforation. Aspergillus was isolated in 81.7% of cases: in particular, A. niger in 67.1% of cases. A. flavus in 13.4% A. fumigatus in 1.2%. Candida albicans was isolated in 11% of cases. A statistical analysis based on chi 2 test was performed to evaluate the role of possible predisposing factors. Highly significant factors resulted to be working in gardens (P less than 0.005) or using mechanical removing devices. Not significant resulted to be swimming, water irrigations or antibiotic therapies: however infirmities were often not reliable. The above mentioned highly significant factors seem to be able to determinate the overlaying of otomycosis.
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PMID:[Otomycosis: etiology and analysis of predisposing factors]. 644 67

In order to determine the effects of repetitive compression-decompression cycles on hematologic and hemostatic factors in humans, 14 subjects were exposed to 150 ft sea water gauge (fswg) for 30 min with standard U.S. Navy decompression on each of 12 consecutive days. Red blood cell number, volume, and size distribution; hemoglobin concentration; hematocrit; white blood cell number and differential counts; platelet number and volume; prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times; and fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in venous blood samples collected before the first and after alternate dives. Subjects in the study had no symptoms other than pruritus and occasional fatigue following the exposures. More than 60% had venous gas emboli detectable by precordial doppler monitoring which generally persisted for 3-5 h after surfacing. Results show a small decrease in red cell mass, with an increase in size distribution and no change in mean corpuscular volume. No change in total white cell number was noted, but the basophilic granulocytes and atypical lymphocytes were elevated at the end of the series. A biphasic change was noted in monocyte number, and immature neutrophilic granulocytes were reduced. No change in platelet number or volume, or in the prothrombin/partial thromboplastine time, was apparent. Although fibrinogen concentration significantly decreased during the exposures, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products remained undetectable. All changes remained in a clinically acceptable range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hematologic and hemostatic changes with repetitive air diving. 646 54

A prospective study of 40 cases of acute otitis externa and 99 cases of chronic otitis externa in unselected patients revealed that otitis externa affects males and females with a similar frequency. The peak incidence occurs in the summer and early fall months of the year. Exposure to water, previous use of ear drops, and cotton-tipped applicators predisposed to both acute and chronic otitis externa. Hearing aid ear molds appear to be a predisposing factor in the development of chronic otitis externa. Pain, itching, discharge, and hearing loss were the most common presenting complaints in both acute and chronic otitis externa. The discharge in chronic otitis externa is more commonly purulent, whereas in acute otitis externa it is more commonly mucoid. The tympanic membrane is not frequently involved in acute otitis externa; however, in chronic otitis externa changes in the tympanic membrane were more often encountered. Most infections were of a pure bacterial origin, primarily Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungi were the causative organisms more commonly in chronic otitis externa than in acute otitis externa (Figure 7). It was found that previous usage of ear drops was more often associated with otomycosis in acute otitis externa and yet was not related to a higher frequency of otomycosis in chronic otitis externa. The presence of a foreign material, such as an ear mold, was associated with a greater frequency of mixed infections (bacteria and fungi) in the group with chronic otitis externa. The presence of a greenish discharge or foul odor was not related to any particular organism.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiological features of otitis externa. 654 42

Thirty-five patients with advanced cancers were treated with estramustine phosphate tablets (Estracyt). Doses ranged between 420 mg and 700 mg daily. One partial response was documented in a hormone resistant prostatic cancer patient. Four minor responses (less than 50% responses, or less than one month more than 50% response) were obtained; one in a hormone resistant prostatic cancer, two in metastatic colorectal cancers; and another in a malignant melanoma. Toxicity phenomena included nausea (9/35 - 25%), water retention (4/35 - 11.5%) and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase (2/35 - 6%). Other toxicity effects were vaginal bleeding in two women, acne in one woman and mild pruritus in another patient. Myelosuppression and immune suppression were not significantly detected.
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PMID:Oral estramustine phosphate (Estracyt): a broad phase II study. 659 4

102 patients using Trinordiol, a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and d-norgestrel, were followed for 932 cycles in a study of secondary effects. Follow-up visits were scheduled after 1,3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. 26 patients discontinued use of the pills during the study after using them for a total of 159 cycles. 5 discontinued because of abdominal pain, 1 for breast tenderness, and 1 because of headaches or migraines. 7 discontinued because of metrorrhagia, 4 for weight gain, 3 for amenorrhea, 2 for nausea and vomiting, and 1 each for nervousness, water retention, acne, desire for pregnancy, leaving the country, hypertension, and unknown motivation. the average age of patients was 23.6 years, with a range from 14-48. 76% were aged 15-29 years. 52.9% were nulliparas. 58.8% were Belgian, 21.6% were from Mediterranean Europe, 10.8% were Moroccan, and 7.9% were from black Africa. Only 1 patient, a 37 year old, developed hypertension. 15 patients gained more than 2 kg and 17 lost more than 2 kg. 15.8% complained of spotting during the 1st cycle compared to 3.1% during the 6th cycle, 5.2% during cycle 7-12, and 9.1% during cycle 13-30. Among 35 patients who did not discontinue treatment, 7 complained of amenorrhea and 1 of scanty menstrual bleeding, 14 of pain including 7 cases of pelvic pain, 2 of dysmenorrhea, 3 of breast tenderness, and 2 of headaches, 15 of leukorrhea, 3 of nausea, 2 of dizziness, and 1 each of fatigue, acne, galactorrhea, and cutaneous pruritus. 1 case of myoma at the level of the uterine cornu was identified after 24 cycles of treatment. In all, 61 patients had some complaint, while 41 were totally satisfied. No patient became pregnant during the study.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the secondary effects associated with taking a triphasic anti-ovulatory contraceptive]. 670 4


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