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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a study of the prevalence and clinical characteristics of aquagenic pruritus (AP) in 996 employees at a general hospital. Forty-five of them claimed that they had AP, thus giving a reported prevalence of 4.5%; 12 were excluded for various reasons and a detailed workup was carried out in 33 people. In more than 75% of the cases AP had started before age 30 and lasted for over 10 years in 42%. The onset of AP occurred within 5 min of exposure in 76% of the cases and usually lasted between 10 and 30 min. In most cases no association could be demonstrated between AP and each of the following factors: place, season, time of day, water temperature, type of soap, towelling or mental stress. AP in at least one other family member was found in 33% of the cases.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus: prevalence and clinical characteristics. 222 61

In this paper the current knowledge on water-induced pruritus is reviewed. To the present, three forms, namely aquagenic pruritus (AP), aquagenic pruritus of the elderly (APE) and water-related itching in polycythemia rubra vera (PRV), have been recognized. Despite clinical similarities it appears that the pathophysiology is different in the three forms. The currently most effective treatment for AP is addition of sodium bicarbonate to the water, control of xerosis with emollients for APE and aspirin for water-induced itching in PRV.
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PMID:Water-induced itching. 224 90

The clinical characteristics of aquagenic pruritus (AP) based on a series of thirty-six patients are presented. AP is characterized by the development of severe, prickling-like skin discomfort that is without observable skin lesions and that is evoked by contact with water at any temperature. Other causes of pruritus associated with water contact must be excluded. In the thirty-six patients, skin discomfort developed within minutes of water contact in approximately half. In others, discomfort began 2 to 15 minutes after water exposure had ceased. The pruritus was usually generalized, lasting from 10 to 120 minutes (average, 40.6 minutes), and in 55% was associated with symptoms of acute emotional liability. There was no increased prevalence of atopy. Thirty-three percent reported a family history of water-related itching. Of fourteen patients treated with ultraviolet B phototherapy, eight (57%) noted significant relief. Of thirty-four patients, sixteen (47%) noted partial relief with oral antihistamine therapy. Patients with polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) may present with symptoms similar to those of AP, and all patients with symptoms consistent with AP should be investigated for the presence of PRV.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus. 241 68

Dry-looking skin of unknown etiology develops in a majority of patients with chronic renal failure. The hydration of the stratum corneum influences the appearance of the skin and lack of water is considered to induce roughness, e.g. in atopic dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the water content in uremic and healthy skin and to evaluate the possible relationship between skin hydration and pruritus in uremic patients. Thirty-one patients, 19 with pruritus, undergoing chronic hemodialysis participated. Twelve healthy age-matched subjects served as controls. The skin of the uremic patients appeared generally xerotic, whereas the controls had normal-looking skin. The water content of the stratum corneum was recorded with the Corneometer, a capacitance-measuring device, on three different sites: the neck, the chest and the lower leg. There was a significant difference in water content between locations in all groups, the water content being highest in the neck and lowest in the leg (p less than 0.01). There was a tendency that patients with pruritus had a lower water content than patients without pruritus, but there was no significant difference between uremic patients and controls. Hence, insufficient hydration does not seem to explain the difference in skin texture between uremic patients and healthy subjects.
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PMID:Stratum corneum hydration in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. 246 93

The preliminary results of a survey carried out by the Institutes of Dermatology of Bari and Florence Universities and by the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan University are analyzed. The survey, whose aim is to identify the causes of contact dermatitis on housewives' hands and whose conclusions are forecasted for June 1990, will examine 1,650 female people, 1,050 of which are ill and 600 are case-controls. The results of the first 617 cases (514 ill and 103 case-controls) are reported. The anamnesis has shown that the hands (in 488 cases) are the most affected part of the body, that the most frequent symptoms are itch and burning sensation (in 410 cases), and that cosmetics, followed by detergents and softeners, are considered by the patients among the products more responsible for these symptoms. The allergic tests, even if with a different percentage of incidence, have shown metals (above all nickel), rubber additives and resins as the main aptens. Another survey, also in progress, concerning the search of metals in detergents and in washing waters for pollution caused by abrasives, pots, Inox sinks, pipes and tabs of the water system, is reported.
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PMID:[Contact dermatitis of the hands in housewives: preliminary data of a multicenter study]. 251 41

Trichobilharzia szidati causes a parasitic disease of water fowl that may lead to a badly itching but otherwise harmless dermatitis in man (swimmer's itch). At an outbreak at a small lake in Offenburg that is used for swimming, the state health office as the agency responsible for water quality control assessed the situation from an epiemiological perspective and took protective measures. A medical anthropological field study, employing the techniques of observation and interviews, looked into illness experience, behaviours and attitudes and thus provided an empirical basis for this assessment.
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PMID:[Duck bilharziasis in the medical anthropologic perspective. Interview data as a principle for public health control measures]. 252 97

The aim of the study was to investigate clinical aspects of pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to evaluate factors of putative pathogenic importance. 60-65% of the patients in a maintenance hemodialysis program during a two-year period suffered from itching. Patients with pruritus tended to have been on dialysis treatment longer than those without pruritus (p = 0.05), otherwise there was no difference in clinical data or routine laboratory tests. Measurement of itch intensity continuously over one week in 28 patients using a computerized method showed that itching peaked at night after two days without dialysis, was relatively high during treatment and lowest during the day following dialysis. Our results suggest that the accumulation of pruritogens between dialysis sessions influences the intensity of itching. Most patients had "dry" skin. Recording of the stratum corneum water content by measurement of electrical capacitance, in 31 patients (19 with pruritus) and 12 controls, disclosed no significant difference between dialysis patients and controls, but a tendency that pruritic patients had a lower water content than the other subjects. In different body areas, there was a positive correlation in all groups between the clinical estimation of xerosis and hydration. Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were significantly higher in dialysis patients with pruritus than in those without, but there was no correlation between the degree of symptoms and the PTH level. Indirect immunohistochemistry revealed no immunoreactivity for different parts of the PTH molecule in skin biopsies from uremic patients. Intradermal injections of PTH fragments did not evoke itching or other cutaneous reactions in patients or controls. Our results do not support PTH as a peripheral mediator of uremic itching. Flare reactions induced by intradermal histamine injections were significantly smaller in 26 dialysis patients (18 with pruritus) than in 9 healthy subjects. However, the itch responses were greater in patients with pruritus than in the other subjects, indicating an augmented sensitivity to pruritogens. Repeated histamine injections induced tachyphylaxis in both uremic patients and controls. Indirect immunohistochemistry revealed neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactive nerve fibers sprouting throughout the layers of the epidermis in 12 dialysis patients (9 with pruritus) but in none of 15 controls. This finding suggests that hemodialysis patients develop an abnormal pattern of cutaneous innervation.
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PMID:Uremic pruritus. Clinical and experimental studies. 197 72

Preparations containing urea were found to be effective in the treatment of ichthyosis vulgaris and so we were encouraged to test their use in other dry skin conditions. Urea creams are well applied to dry skin which is not inflamed. In the treatment of psoriasis, which requires a stronger water-binding substance, a combination of sodium chloride and urea in equal concentrations is optimal. Urea creams can be used in the prophylactic treatment of hand eczema and also as a prophylactic against infection, but not in the treatment of already existing infections. In psoriasis and ichthyosis urea is effective in creams substitution therapy. Though urea creams provided relief from itching in neurodermatitis, their use after treatment of eczema with fat-containing salves caused burning sensations. In our experience creams with a urea concentration of 5%-10% offer possibility for treating dry skin.
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PMID:[Urea as a single drug in dry skin]. 280 24

We report our experience in the treatment of two patients with aquagenic pruritus of the elderly and two patients with aquagenic pruritus. Our findings confirm previous reports by others indicating that aquagenic pruritus is not one homogenous entity but rather is composed of two similar but distinct entities, each of which responds to a different treatment. Patients with aquagenic pruritus were helped by adding sodium bicarbonate to the bath water while patients with aquagenic pruritus of the elderly responded to emollients. It is suggested that aquagenic pruritus and aquagenic pruritus of the elderly are two similar but distinct entities. Separating these two entities provides the key to successful treatment, because each of them responds to a different treatment without crossover. This report is only the second report indicating the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate baths in patients with aquagenic pruritus. It is clear that further examples are needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Variations in aquagenic pruritus and treatment alternatives. 255 87

The effect of (D-Met2, Pro5)-enkephalinamide upon urethra in patients with chronic neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunction due to spinal cord injury was investigated. Urethral pressure profile was recorded with Urolab 1154 and 1700A urethral pressure profile puller-pump. Ten mg of the drug was administered subcutaneously. Urethral pressure profile was again recorded at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after drug administration. Heart rate was also noted at these time points. There was a significant decrease in maximum urethral pressure from 134 +/- 19 cm H2O in the basal study to 107 +/- 28 cm H2O at 10 min (p less than 0.01); 102 +/- 30 cm H2O at 20 min (p less than 0.001); 94 +/- 19 cm H2O at 30 min (p less than 0.001); 100 +/- 20 cm H2O at 40 min (p less than 0.001); 102 +/- 29 cm H2O at 50 min (p less than 0.001); and 109 +/- 36 cm H2O at 60 min (p less than 0.001) after subcutaneous administration of (D-Met2, Pro5)-enkephalinamide. There was a significant increase in heart rate from 81 +/- 5 to 95 +/- 9 at 10 min (p less than 0.01) and to 87 +/- 10 at 20 min (p less than 0.01) after the drug. Subsequenly, the heart rate returned to near-basal values. The side effects were: conjunctival injection in all the cases; dryness of mouth in two; itching over the body in one; sensation of insect crawling over the body in one; and feeling of oppression over the chest immediately after drug administration in one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lowering of maximum urethral pressure by (D-Met2, Pro5)-enkephalinamide in patients with neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunction due to spinal cord injury. 292 Nov 1


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