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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal men have been found to develop pruritus and gas bubble lesions in the skin, and disruption of vestibular function, when breathing nitrogen or neon with oxygen while surrounded by helium at increased ambient pressure. This phenomenon, which occurs at stable ambient pressures, at 1 or many ATA, has been designated the "isobaric gas counterdiffusion syndrome." In a series of analyses and experiments in vivo and in vitro the cause of the syndrome has been established as due to gas accumulation and development of gas bubbles in tissues as a result of differences in selective diffusivities, for various respired and ambient gases, in the tissue substances between capillary blood and the surrounding atmosphere. The phenomenon here described in man is an initial stage of a process shown later in animals to progress to continuous, massive, lethal, intravascular gas embolization.
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PMID:A new gas lesion syndrome in man, induced by "isobaric gas counterdiffusion". 17 Feb 42

Eight patients with psoriasis who had developed contact allergy to mechlorethamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) were subjected to a regimen of intravenous infusion of small amounts of the drug in an attempt to produce desensitization. Although three of eight developed negative patch tests and were presumed to be desensitized, only one patient was able to use the drug therapeutically, and then only for a period of eight months, after which allergy recurred. The other two patients whose allergic contact dermatitis was abolished by the infusions were unable to use mechlorethamine therapeutically because of pruritus. Seven patients experienced some adverse reaction to the infusion. Intravenous desensitization of psoriatic patients who are allergic to mechlorethamine was not successful enough as a useful clinical procedure to allow them to once again use the drug therapeutically.
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PMID:Intravenous desensitization to mechlorethamine in patients with psoriasis. 95 29

Five patients with mycosis fungoides who had developed contact dermatitis to a nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, even in low concentrations (1 to 5 mg/100 ml), received daily total-body applications of extremely dilute solutions (0.01 to 0.1 mg/100 ml) of mechlorethamine. The concentrations of the drug were approximately doubled weekly if the patient could tolerate it, or they were raised more slowly if the patient could not. Attempts to desensitize one patient were discontinued since he was unable to tolerate a greater concentration than 1.0 mg/100 ml after trying for one year. Another patient was able to tolerate a concentration of 3 mg/100 ml after three months, at which time his skin had completely cleared and treatment was stopped. Three other patients were desensitized during a period of 8 to 13 months to the point of tolerating the full therapeutic concentration used in our clinic (20 mg/100 ml) without experiencing dermatitis or pruritus.
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PMID:Mechlorethamine desensitization in therapy for mycosis fungoides. Topical desensitization to mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) contact hypersensitivity. 112 50

A 62-year-old woman presented with uveitis and abnormal chest X-ray (bilateral hilar adenopathy). Skin biopsy in 1983 had revealed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma consistent with sarcoidosis. Her serum biochemical investigations and exploratory laparoscopy suggested nodular liver cirrhosis, but biopsy was not performed. Both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine values were within normal limits. She received prednisolone therapy of 15 mg daily initially, and later a maintenance dose of 5 mg daily. In 1985, she complained of skin itching and her laboratory data revealed severe renal insufficiency (BUN 97 mg/dl, serum creatinine 12.2 mg/dl) and hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium level: 11.5 mg/dl). Prednisolone treatment (40 mg daily) resulted in a dramatic improvement of renal function as well as other clinical abnormalities due to sarcoidosis, without any significant changes in liver function. She died of cerebral infarction in 1989. Autopsy showed interstitial nephritis with tubular calcinosis and hyalinized glomeruli. It is postulated that hypercalcemia due to sarcoidosis contributed to the renal failure in this patient. This case suggests that renal damage due to sarcoidosis may be reversible with appropriate corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of sarcoidosis associated with renal failure]. 140 82

Investigation of superficial counterdiffusion of nitrogen against helium has been carried out to evaluate a possibility of its progress in divers (107 tests) under pressures equivalent to 32-450 m of sea water when breathing trimix being saturated in heliox at a constant ambient pressure without changing chamber environment. Breathing gas mixture contained 248-800 kPa of nitrogen, while chamber heliox media contained some additions of nitrogen (6-108 kPa). Clinical manifestations of breathing trimix (itching and gas bubble formation) were studied in divers. The development of counterdiffusion depends on the partial pressure of nitrogen not only in the breathing gas mixture but also in the chamber media. The breathing nitrogen level being increased and (or) decreased in the chamber media, the counterdiffusion symptoms grow relative to the number (%) of cases. Minimal critical values of nitrogen partial pressure gradients in the mixture which induce counterdiffusion skin lesions are 260-320 kPa on the average for the nitrogen concentration in the chamber mixture to 30 kPa. Isobaric supersaturation due to inert gases countertransport in body tissues as a result of gas-switching from heliox to trimix is responsible for the syndrome development.
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PMID:[Conditions for the development of isobaric counterdiffusion of inert gases and the criteria of its evaluation]. 177 54

Serum indoxyl sulphate, which is markedly accumulated in haemodialysis patients, cannot be removed efficiently by haemodialysis due to its albumin-binding property. To determine whether an oral adsorbent (AST-120) can decrease its serum concentration, AST-120 was administered to haemodialysis patients. The patients given AST-120 showed significantly reduced serum concentration of indoxyl sulphate as compared to control haemodialysis patients, even though the serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine did not decrease significantly in the patients treated with AST-120. The haemodialysis patients with generalised pruritus showed an amelioration of itching after administration of AST-120. These results showed that AST-120 was effective in reducing the serum concentration of albumin-bound indoxyl sulphate in haemodialysis patients by adsorption of indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulphate, in the intestines, and that it relieved itching in haemodialysis patients with generalised pruritus.
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PMID:Oral sorbent suppresses accumulation of albumin-bound indoxyl sulphate in serum of haemodialysis patients. 190 99

Personal samples of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respirable particulate (RP) were collected over the shift on 232 workers in four diesel bus garages. Response was assessed by an acute respiratory questionnaire and before and after shift spirometry. Measures of exposure to NO2 and RP were associated with work-related symptoms of cough; itching, burning, or watering eyes; difficult or labored breathing; chest tightness; and wheeze. The prevalence of burning eyes, headaches, difficult or labored breathing, nausea, and wheeze experienced at work were higher in the diesel bus garage workers than in a comparison population of battery workers, while the prevalence of headaches was reduced. Mean reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak flow, and flows at 50 and 75% of FVC were not obviously different from zero. There was no detectable association of exposure to NO2 or respirable particulate and acute reductions in pulmonary function. Workers who often had respiratory work-related symptoms generally had a slightly greater mean acute reduction in FEV1 and FEF50 than did those who did not have these symptoms, but these differences were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Epidemiological-environmental study of diesel bus garage workers: acute effects of NO2 and respirable particulate on the respiratory system. 243 31

Perianal pruritus may be caused by a variety of factors. Of these, the most frequently occurring are proctological, infections, dermatological, dietary, and systemic. The results of a study carried out on 238 patients from 1980 to 1984 are reported. The survey was carried out with the aim of defining the frequency of pruritus in relation to the triggering cause, to sex and to age. It is emphasised that diagnosis is often difficult and requires the measurement of the following parameters: blood glucose levels, blood, nitrogen levels, ESR, haemochrome, hepatic functions, in addition to a gynaecological examination, analysis of faeces, proctocolonoscopy, skin biopsy and other tests. These are carried out to determine whether anal pruritus is a symptom of a systemic disease, or whether it is brought about by local causes. Treatment measures adopted are reported. Treatment is mainly symptomatic and aetiological for cases caused by local disturbances.
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PMID:[Current trends in the diagnosis and therapy of anal pruritus. Review of 238 cases]. 286 86

The management of the patient with mycosis fungoides requires a variety of therapeutic modalities depending on the stage of the disease. Topically applied nitrogen mustard in the early stages of the disease has a beneficital palliative effect. The effects of nitrogen mustard paintings in the later course of the disease have not been previously reported. In the present study, topically applied nitrogen mustard solution was used to control recurrences of mycosis fungoides following electron beam therapy in 11 patients. Each patient received whole body applications of freshly prepared 10 mg per 50 ml solution of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (a nitrogen mustard) in water daily for seven days. In all patients pruritus disappeared within the first week and ulcers and plaques improved or disappeared in two to four weeks. The seven-day courses of mechlorethamine paintings were repeated as recurrences were noted. Mycosis fungoides was controlled by this therapy for periods ranging up to 15 months. Absence of systemic toxicity, a low incidence of cutaneous irritation and application of the treatments at home make topical nitrogen mustard a useful adjunct in the management of the late stages of mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:Mycosis fungoides. Topical use of nitrogen mustard in recurrent cases. 572 78

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85


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