Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of topical application of the combination sucralfate / copper zinc salts in radiation dermatitis in women suffering from breast cancer and treated by radiotherapy. 47 patients (average age : 57,5 years) that have to be treated by radiation therapy on non lesional areas, were included into this open multicentric study. They had to apply Cicalfate cream twice a day, from the fi rst radiation therapy session and during 10 weeks. Patients were treated by photon- or electrontherapy (72 % et 28 %, respectively; cumulated total dose : 58,6Gy). Tolerance was considered to be excellent. The radiation dermatitis (score NCIC > or = 2) was noted at the 3rd week of radiotherapy only in 5 % of the subjects and in 53 % of the subjects, the last week of treatment. Pruritus was significantly increased at D21. Pain and discomfort were increased at D28, but remained low intensity. The soothing effect of the combination of sucralfate/ copper zinc salts were considered satisfying or very satisfying by investigators and patients during the study, varying from 94 to 100 % of satisfaction. The impact of radiation therapy on the patients'quality of life, assessed by DLQI, evaluated at the end of the study was not statistically different from the score calculated at D7 (DLQI=0,8 et D7 versus DLQI=1 at D70). Thus, topical application of the combination sucralfate / copper zinc salts can be used in the indication radiation dermatitis.
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PMID:[Tolerance of the association sucralfate / Cu-Zn salts in radiation dermatitis]. 1834 12

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared this health consultation to provide support for assessing the public health implications of hazardous chemical exposure, primarily through drinking water, related to releases of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in the port of Djibouti. CCA from a shipment, apparently intended for treating electric poles, is leaking into the soil in the port area. CCA is a pesticide used to protect wood against decay-causing organisms. This mixture commonly contains chromium(VI) (hexavalent chromium) as chromic acid, arsenic(V) (pentavalent arsenic) as arsenic pentoxide and copper (II) (divalent copper) as cupric oxide, often in an aqueous solution or concentrate. Experimental studies of the fate of CCA in soil and monitoring studies of wood-preserving sites where CCA was spilled on the soil indicate that the chromium(VI), arsenic and copper components of CCA can leach from soil into groundwater and surface water. In addition, at CCA wood-preserving sites, substantial concentrations of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper remained in the soil and were leachable into water four years after the use of CCA was discontinued, suggesting prolonged persistence in soil, with continued potential for leaching. The degree of leaching depended on soil composition and the extent of soil contamination with CCA. In general, leaching was highest for chromium(VI), intermediate for arsenic and lowest for copper. Thus, the potential for contamination of sources of drinking water exists. Although arsenic that is leached from CCA-contaminated soil into surface water may accumulate in the tissues of fish and shellfish, most of the arsenic in these animals will be in a form (often called fish arsenic) that is less harmful. Copper, which leaches less readily than the other components, can accumulate in tissues of mussels and oysters. Chromium is not likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish and shellfish. Limited studies of air concentrations during cleanup of CCA-contaminated soil at wood- preserving sites showed that air levels of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper were below the occupational standards. Workers directly involved in the repackaging, containment or cleanup of leaking containers of CCA or of soil saturated with CCA, however, may be exposed to high levels of CCA through direct dermal contact, inhalation of aerosols or particulates and inadvertent ingestion. Few studies have been conducted on the health effects of CCA. CCA as a concentrated solution is corrosive to the skin eyes and digestive tract. Studies of workers exposed to CCA in wood-preserving plants have not found adverse health effects in these workers, but the studies involved small numbers of workers and therefore are not definitive. People exposed to very high levels of CCA, from sawing wood that still had liquid CCA in it or from living in a home contaminated with ash containing high levels of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper, experienced serious health effects including nosebleeds, digestive system pain and bleeding, itching skin, darkened urine, nervous system effects such as tingling or numbness of the hands and feet and confusion, and rashes or thickening and peeling of the skin. These health effects of the mixture are at least qualitatively reflective of the health effects of the individual components of CCA (arsenic, chromium(VI) and copper). For a given mixture, the critical effects of the individual components are of particular concern, as are any effects in common that may become significant due to additivity or interactions among the components. Effects of concern for CCA, based on the known effects of the individual components, include cancer (arsenic by the oral route, arsenic and chromium(VI) by the inhalation route), irritant or corrosive effects (all three mixture components), the unique dermal effects of arsenic, neurologic effects (arsenic and chromium(VI), and hematologic, hepatic and renal effects (all three components). Because arsenic, chromium(VI), and copper components affect some of the same target organs, they may have additive toxicity toward those organs. Few studies have investigated the potential toxic interactions among the components (arsenic, chromium(VI) and copper) of CCA. The available interaction studies and also possible mechanisms of interaction were evaluated using a weight-of-evidence approach. The conclusion is that there is no strong evidence that interactions among the components of CCA will result in a marked increase in toxicity. This conclusion reflects a lack of well designed interaction studies as well as uncertainties regarding potential mechanisms of interaction. Confidence in the conclusion is low. Workers exposed to high levels of CCA during cleanup of leaking containers of CCA or soil heavily contaminated with CCA should wear protective clothing and respirators if air concentrations of arsenic are above 10 microg/m3. In addition, they should not eat, drink or use tobacco products during exposure to CCA, and should thoroughly wash after skin contact with CCA and before eating, drinking, using tobacco products or using restrooms. When protective clothing becomes contaminated with CCA, it should be changed, and the contaminated clothing should be disposed off in a manner approved for pesticide disposal. Workers should leave all protective clothing, including work shoes and boots, at the workplace, so that CCA will not be carried into their cars and homes, which would endanger other people. People not involved in the cleanup of the CCA and who are not wearing protective clothing should be prevented from entering contaminated areas. Leaking containers of CCA must be repackaged and contained to prevent direct exposure of on-site personnel; and contaminated soil needs to be removed to prevent the CCA from leaching into surface water and groundwater, thereby contaminating sources of drinking water.
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PMID:Chemical-specific health consultation for chromated copper arsenate chemical mixture: port of Djibouti. 1842 80

Gold, nickel, copper and mercury, i.e. four metals frequently used in dental applications, were explored for their capacity to induce innate immune activation in keratinocytes (KC). Due to their anatomical location the latter epithelial cells are key in primary local irritative responses of skin and mucosa. Fresh foreskin-derived keratinocytes and skin and gingiva KC cell lines were studied for IL-8 release as a most sensitive parameter for NF-kB activation. First, we verified that viral-defense mediating TLR3 is a key innate immune receptor in both skin- and mucosa derived keratinocytes. Second, we found that, in line with our earlier finding that ionized gold can mimic viral dsRNA in triggering TLR3, gold is very effective in KC activation. It would appear that epithelial TLR3 can play a key role in both skin- and mucosa localized irritation reactivities to gold. Subsequently we found that not only gold, but also nickel, copper and mercury salts can activate innate immune reactivity in keratinocytes, although the pathways involved remain unclear. Although current alloys have been optimized for minimal leakage of metal ions, secondary factors such as mechanical friction and acidity may still facilitate such leakage. Subsequently, these metal ions may create local irritation, itching and swelling by triggering innate immune reactions, potentially also facilitating the development of metal specific adaptive immunity.
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PMID:Dental metal-induced innate reactivity in keratinocytes. 2692 47

We presented an interesting clinical case of a 23 years old man presented with a 2-week history of pruritus, erythema and papules on legs, arms and trunk. These lesions developed 2 months after tattooing. It showed positive patch test reaction to Copper and Disperse Blu.
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PMID:Heavy metal and tattoo: an allergy and legislative problem. 2742 73

Copper has previously been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, but the impact of this metal on mast cells is poorly understood. In this article, we address this issue and show that copper starvation of mast cells causes increased granule maturation, as indicated by higher proteoglycan content, stronger metachromatic staining, and altered ultrastructure in comparison with nontreated cells, whereas copper overload has the opposite effects. In contrast, copper status did not impact storage of histamine in mast cells, nor did alterations in copper levels affect the ability of mast cells to degranulate in response to IgER cross-linking. A striking finding was decreased tryptase content in mast cells with copper overload, whereas copper starvation increased tryptase content. These effects were associated with corresponding shifts in tryptase mRNA levels, suggesting that copper affects tryptase gene regulation. Mechanistically, we found that alterations in copper status affected the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a transcription factor critical for driving tryptase expression. We also found evidence supporting the concept that the effects on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor are dependent on copper-mediated modulation of MAPK signaling. Finally, we show that, in MEDNIK syndrome, a condition associated with low copper levels and a hyperallergenic skin phenotype, including pruritis and dermatitis, the number of tryptase-positive mast cells is increased. Taken together, our findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized role for copper in the regulation of mast cell gene expression and maturation.
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PMID:Copper Regulates Maturation and Expression of an MITF:Tryptase Axis in Mast Cells. 2912 51

An efficient and straightforward synthesis of isoquinolines is reported from internal alkenyl boronic esters, easily prepared from the corresponding 1,2-bis(boronates), via a sequential copper-catalyzed azidation/aza-Wittig condensation. This synthetic method has been used to synthesize quinisocaine, a topical anesthetic used for the treatment of pain and pruritus, and further extended to thieno[2,3-c]pyridines by using 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde as coupling partner in the first step.
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PMID:Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoquinolines and Related Fused Pyridines from Alkenyl Boronic Esters via a Copper-Catalyzed Azidation/Aza-Wittig Condensation Sequence. 2925 7

Scabies and pediculosis are common parasitic infestations of the skin and hair, manifesting with intense pruritus and effectively treated with modern medications. Because of the attached social stigma linking it with poverty and poor hygiene, patients will often attempt alternative folk-based remedies before confiding in their physicians. We conducted a comprehensive bibliographical study of historic folk literature and interviewed 70 individuals experienced in everyday application of folk medicine in order to categorize available remedies and provide a modern, scientific comment on their effectiveness and dangers. Compositions containing sulfur, copper sulfate, petroleum, coal, tar, and highly alkaline soaps and washing solutions undoubtedly have scabicidal and pediculicidal properties, but they are used either in high concentrations with greater possibility of intoxication and irritation or lower concentrations with questionable therapeutic benefit. These remedies, extracted from historical-cultural frameworks, are poorly adapted to modern standards and can lead to side-effects and complications. Physicians today have to be aware of the reasons their patients seek alternative remedies and know the substances and procedures they may use in self-healing, so as to be able to provide the help that may be needed if those complications occur.
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PMID:Treatment of Scabies and Pediculosis in Health Education Publications and Folk Medicine of Eastern Croatia - Slavonija, Baranja, and Western Srijem County. 2978 97

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss in Asian men. Although AGA is often regarded as a relatively minor dermatological condition, hair loss can impact self-image and is a main cause for anxiety and depression in some men. We have treated patients with AGA for seven years. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of our combination therapy in Asian men with AGA. Participants: Between the years 2011 and 2017, 18,918 male patients were treated in our center. Our combination therapy consists of oral finasteride once daily, oral and topical minoxidil twice daily, and an injectable treatment of lidocaine and an AGA treatment solution comprising minoxidil, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, copper tripeptide, lysine, niacin, panthenol, propanediol, propylen glycol, retinyl palmitate, pyridoxine, sodium hyaluronate, and ubiquinone once monthly for more than six months. Measurements: Digital photographs were taken pre- and post-treatment, and patient assessments were recorded after six and 12 months post-treatment. Results: Significant improvement was observed in all patients in the digital photographs. Ninety-six and 80 percent of the patients reported satisfaction with the results of the treatment after six and 12 months post-treatment. Minor complications were observed in 802 (4.2%) patients, characterized by slight pain and bleeding due to injection, swelling, dizziness, itching, and erythema of the scalp. Slight pain was reported in 651 patients (3.4%), and slight bleeding was reported in 56 patients (0.3%). Sexual dysfunctions were uncommon. These minor complications resolved spontaneously. No treatment-related adverse events were observed. Conclusion: A combination of these therapeutic options offers safe and highly efficacious treatment for AGA with minimal complications.
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PMID:Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment in Asian Men. 3005 63

surgery, orthopedic cast is often implemented to stabilize and fix anatomical structures like broken bones. Plaster could harden after mixed with water, thus it is commonly utilized with cotton bandage to form a solid structure to encase a limb or other body parts. As plaster is heavy and impervious, cast could easily result in itching, rashes, allergic contact dermatitis or other cutaneous complications. In this paper we present a novel implementation for surgical fixation with low melting point alloy (LMPA) stuffed in silicone tubes, which is dubbed "LMPA enhanced bandage The alloy is heated by an enameled copper wire to alter the stiffness. When the alloy is in solid state, the bandage could withstand high load without significant deformation, while if heated to its melting point, the entire bandage would soften. We present several conceptual experiments to evaluate the mechanical performance and body fixation of the proposed bandage. Phase change process and temperature variation were recorded by an infrared camera. Preliminary results showed that the present fixation bandage design owns sufficient mechanical strength and necessary thermal response performance to meet the requirement of clinical applications.
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PMID:E-BiInSn Enhanced Rigidity Alterable Artificial Bandage. 3044 Oct 1

Dear Editor, Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare, locally proliferating disorder that affects predominantly the head and neck region (1,2). There seems to be a higher incidence in middle-aged Caucasian women (2,3). A 28-year-old female patient with no relevant personal or family medical history and only taking an oral contraceptive, presented to our department with multiple, well delimited, infracentimetric erythematous papules with a smooth surface on the left frontal, temporal, and preauricular regions (Figure 1). The lesions had appeared 7 months earlier, with progressive growth in number and dimensions since. The patient reported pruritus and denied previous trauma, topical application of any sort, insect bite at these locations, and any other accompanying symptoms. A thorough physical examination revealed no additional abnormalities. An excisional biopsy of one of the left temporal papules revealed a prominent lymphoid component, with a dense multinodular infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis, with reactive germinative centers of considerable dimensions (Figure 2). Large and atypical lymphocytes were confined to the germinative centers, with reactive characteristics. Lymphocytes surrounding the germinative centers were predominantly small, accompanied by a significant number of scattered eosinophils. CD3 and CD20 immunohistochemical staining revealed B-cells predominantly in the nodular areas corresponding to the germinative centers, while T-cells displayed a diffuse peripheral distribution. There was severe neovascularization, with thick-walled vascular channels lined by enlarged plump endothelial cells with an "epithelioid" appearance. These findings supported the diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE). Laboratory workup did not show any abnormalities, including eosinophilia or elevation of immunoglobulin E levels. Due to pruritus and aesthetic concerns, surgical excision of the larger and most symptomatic papules was performed. The patient was assured of the benign nature of the disease and informed about the possible development of new lesions. Kept under clinical surveillance, the patient remained free of new lesions at 6-month follow-up. ALHE generally presents as solitary or multiple erythematous or hyperpigmented dome-shaped papulonodules. Lesions can be pruritic or painful and do not tend to resolve spontaneously (4). The pathogenesis of ALHE remains controversial, although some theories have been suggested. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that it is an angioproliferative process, accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate, reactive to several stimuli (3). Some authors believe it is an allergic reaction, but no specific sole agent has been identified (5). Others claim ALHE may represent a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of benign or low-grade malignant nature (6). Some recent studies suggest that ALHE pathogenesis may be related to a vascular malformation secondary to a subcutaneous arteriovenous shunt (1-3). Histologically there are both vascular and inflammatory components, with an abnormal vascular proliferation and diffuse lymphocytic infiltrates with eosinophils. The vascular component is formed by capillaries clustered around arterial or venous vessels, dilated and atypical, with a protruded endothelium (3). The main differential diagnosis of ALHE is Kimura's disease, and there has been some discussion regarding the relationship between these two entities due to their clinical and histopathological similarities. However, most studies currently agree that they are distinct diseases. The differential diagnosis also includes angiosarcoma, particularly the epithelioid variant, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, pyogenic granuloma, and cutaneous metastasis (3). ALHE usually requires treatment as spontaneous regression, although reported in the literature, is rare (1,3). Many options have been suggested, with variable levels of success, but there is no definitive treatment for this condition (2). Surgical excision is the preferred choice, but recurrence may happen if the excision is incomplete (1). Mohs micrographic surgery with excision of abnormal vessels at the base of the lesion may be more effective in reducing recurrences (4). Other treatments reported include laser therapy (pulsed dye, CO2, copper vapor), systemic or intralesional corticosteroid injection, cryotherapy, imiquimod, tacrolimus, isotretinoin, radiotherapy, interferon alfa 2a, anti-interleukin-5 antibody, photodynamic therapy, and methotrexate (1). In the present case the diagnosis of ALHE was established through the conjunction of clinical and histological findings. Although a rare entity, its predominantly facial involvement in young adults and the absence of a satisfactory treatment can produce a significant impact that can include the quality of life of the patients.
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PMID:An Unusual Cause of Papules on the Face. 3103 91


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