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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypersensitivity reactions to aluminium are very rate. Sensitization has been reported to occur during continuous application of aluminium-containing antiperspirants or by aluminium adjuvants in vaccines and hyposensitization immunotherapy. We report 5 patients who developed persistent and itching subcutaneous nodules following immunotherapy. Histologically, the nodules showed a granulomatous reaction consistent with delayed hypersensitivity to aluminium. Patch tests with 2% aluminium chloride in water were positive in three patients, and positive results of patch test with other metals (nickel, cobalt) were frequently associated.
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PMID:[Subcutaneous nodules and sensitivity to aluminum in patients undergoing hyposensitivity immunotherapy]. 214 83

To elucidate the importance of hand eczema in the population of Gothenburg, a questionnaire was sent to 20,000 individuals aged 20-65 years, randomly selected from the population register of the city. After two reminders, a response rate of 83% was obtained. Those individuals considering themselves to have had hand eczema within the previous 12 months were invited to a dermatological examination including patch testing. 1385 persons (71%) participated. Analysis of drop-outs was performed by interview by telephone and post. The 1-year period prevalence of hand eczema was estimated to be about 11% and the point prevalence 5.4%. Hand eczema was twice as common among females as among males. The most common type of hand eczema was irritant contact dermatitis (35%), followed by atopic hand eczema (22%) and allergic contact dermatitis (19%). The most common contact allergies were to nickel, cobalt, fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and colophony. Comparing these results with a 20-year earlier study on hand eczema, an increased prevalence, especially of atopic hand eczema, was found. The only occupational group that reported a significantly higher period prevalence of hand eczema was service workers. Of all occupations, cleaners had the highest period prevalence, 21.3%. Hand eczema was more common among people reporting some kind of occupational exposure. The most harmful exposure turned out to be to unspecified chemicals, water and detergents and dust and dry dirt. The only contact allergen that was statistically related to an occupational group was colophony among female office workers. Change of work, where the hand eczema was the main reason, was reported by 8% and was most common in service work. Hairdressers had the highest frequency of change. Hand eczema was shown to be a long-lasting disease with a relapsing course. 69% of the patients had consulted a doctor and 21% had been on sick-leave at least once because of their hand eczema. The mean total sick-leave time was 18.9 weeks, median 8 weeks. Treatment with topical steroids was reported by 51%, emollients by 85%. Frequent itching was reported by 54% of the patients. 81% experienced some kind of disturbance of their daily life considered to be caused by the hand eczema. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important predictive factor for hand eczema was a history of childhood eczema. Number two was female sex, followed by occupational exposure, a history of asthma and/or hayfever and a service occupation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of hand eczema in an industrial city. 214 21

Over the past six years we have practised the examination of standard allergen patch test for patients with allergic contact dermatitis or other contact skin diseases and report the data in this paper. Three hundred and ninety-four patients, who complained of itching and skin legion due to contact with chemical agents were examined. Following the widespread use of the patch test procedure, we used eighteen standard allergenic agents and about eighty percent of these patients showed positive reaction. Furthermore, over fifty percent of the patients manifested positive reaction to the plural allergenic agents. The highest percentage of positive reaction was found in the 30-40 years old patients. Of the series of allergenic agents, urushiol caused the highest positive reaction. Among other agents, metal group, e.g., cobalt chloride, and formalin were also high. Many positive patients to paraphenylendiamine (PPI) were engaged in the occupations associated with PPD. This evidence indicates that the materials that are frequently treated at the place of work or homelife play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic contact skin diseases.
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PMID:[Result of patch test and allergic contact dermatitis--statistics over the past six years]. 295 60

Sensitization and immune disorders from metallic prostheses are very unusual although most of them were metal-metal structures (nickel, cobalt or chromium alloys) during decades. Recent technical modifications; the use of new metal (titan-vanadium), of aluminum or ceramic prostheses eliminate these side effects; The clinical diseases may be regional (eczema, dermatitis, vascularitis) or general (diffuse dermatitis, itching). Some very rare systemic diseases have been described but their relation with the prosthesis is often uncertain. The positive patch tests are good indicators of the sensitization but their high prevalence of metal sensitization in the normal population excludes a safe diagnosis. The best demonstration remains the complete recovery of the disease after removal of the prosthesis.
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PMID:[Incidents and side effects of metallic orthopedic and odontologic prostheses]. 764 98

Metal contact allergy is a common problem in the general population. Diagnostic and therapeutic medical-surgical procedures in which metals can be responsible for eczema are diverse. Endovascular aortic surgery is still an experimental but less invasive technique. A generalized eczematous dermatitis elicited by metal of an endovascular prosthesis is presented. An abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in a 79-year-old woman. Endoluminal repair with a straight Vanguard endograft was successful. 3 weeks later, she suffered a severe episode of erythema and eczema on the legs. Since then, she complained of continuous pruritus with eczema and excoriated papules. The dermatitis and also the patch test pathology showed eczema. Patch testing was positive to nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride. An endograft semi-quantitative metal analysis was performed with plasma-induction joint mass-spectrometry. The self-expanding metal stent was mainly composed of nickel (approximately 55%) and titanium (21%) with reinforcing thread of platinum. Antimony was detected only in the polyester textile. These results are consistent with Nitinol composition. The need for preoperative patch testing for metals is controversial. Enquiry about metal allergy is recommended before endoluminal surgical procedures. In the near future, the design of endografts must take into account the possibility of this sort of reaction.
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PMID:Metal-induced generalized pruriginous dermatitis and endovascular surgery. 1090 87

The high risk of occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel are well accepted throughout the world. There are few reports concerning occupational skin disease in dental personnel in Korea. The purposes of this study were to investigate the frequency, characteristics and causative factors of contact dermatitis in Korean dental technicians. Recording of personal history, physical examination and patch tests with the Korean standard series and dental screening series were performed in 49 dental technicians. Most of the subjects were exposed to a variety of compounds, including acrylics, metals, plaster, alginate, etc. 22 (44.9%) subjects had contact dermatitis, present or past, and the site involved was the hand in all 22. The most common clinical feature of hand dermatitis was itching (77.3%); scaling, fissuring and erythema were other common clinical features. Metals, including potassium dichromate (24.5%), nickel sulfate (18.4%), mercury ammonium chloride (16.3%), cobalt chloride (12.2%) and palladium chloride (10.2%), showed high positive rates in patch test results of 49 dental technicians. 7 positive reactions to the various acrylics were found in 3 subjects. In our study, the frequency and clinical features of the contact dermatitis showed a similarity to other reports, though the patch test results were somewhat different; a higher patch-positive reaction to metals and a relatively lower patch-positive reaction to acrylics than the patch test results reported in Europe.
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PMID:Contact dermatitis in Korean dental technicians. 1142 61

Two surveys, one in winter the other in summer time, examined the skin problems of the entire manual workers (N=148) from 11 small-to-medium sized fiber-glass reinforced plastics (FRP) factories located in Kyushu, Japan. The workers were exposed to unsaturated polyester resin, including styrene and auxiliary agents such as cobalt naphthenate, hardeners such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxides, glass fiber and dust including shortened glass fiber and plastic particles. Eighty-seven workers (58.8%) reported having skin problems (mainly itching or dermatitis) since they started to work in FRP manufacturing and 25 workers had consulted a physician because of their skin problems; one worker was forced to take sick leave because of his severe dermatitis. History of allergic diseases and shorter occupational period (duration of employment) in a FRP factory were associated with greater probability of having a history of work-related skin symptoms. Workers in factories where dust-generating and lamination sites were located in different buildings were significantly less likely to have a history of skin problems than those in factories where the two sites were located in the same building. Of the 67 workers examined in both seasons closed to double the prevalence of dermatitis was found in summer (23.3%) than winter (13.4%).
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PMID:Skin problems among fiber-glass reinforced plastics factory workers in Japan. 1192 14

The electronics industry is becoming an important mainstream in the workforce in some developed countries and in Taiwan. Among patients with occupational hand dermatitis in northern Taiwan, workers from electronics industries were one of the most important groups. We conducted a field investigation to determine the prevalence, patterns and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses among electronics workers. The survey was conducted in five electronics plants using a self-administered questionnaire on skin symptoms and risk factors. Skin examination and patch testing were followed for those with symptoms compatible with hand dermatitis. A total of 3070 workers completed the questionnaire. Among them, 302 (9.8%) reported to have symptoms (itching and with either redness/scaling) compatible with contact dermatitis on hands. Hand dermatitis was associated with working in the fabrication unit and personal history of atopy and metal allergy, as well as the following job titles: wafer bonding, cutting, printing/photomasking, softening/degluing, impregnation and tin plating. Among those with reported hand dermatitis, 183 completed skin examination and patch testing, 65/183 (35.5%) were diagnosed as having irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 7/183 (3.8%) allergic contact dermatitis. The most important allergens were nickel, cobalt and phenylenediamine. In conclusion, Taiwanese electronics workers have a high risk of having hand dermatitis, especially ICD. Preventive efforts should be focused on the workers with risk factors or at certain worksites.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses in electronics workers. 1580 3

CASE 1: A 38-year-old teacher presented with a 3- to 4-week history of a linear, erythematous, vesicular, and pruritic eruption of her left wrist. She had been wearing a new elastic bracelet for 4 weeks before the onset of her eruption. Although there was no history of allergy to rubber products or jewelry, an allergic contact dermatitis to rubber was suspected. Patch testing to rubber chemicals and the elastic bracelet revealed no reactions at 48, 72, and 96 hours. She stopped wearing the bracelet and used a corticosteroid cream with rapid resolution of the problem. The patient resumed wearing the bracelet, and there has been no recurrence in the past 2 months. CASE 2: A 12-year-old boy presented with a 1-month history of an itchy, scaly, erythematous 1-cm patch over the midline of his lower lip. The patient complained of tiny blisters initially with persistent erythema, mild scaling, and associated pruritus. The patient plays the saxophone and he had been practicing more intensely (3 to 4 h/d) for a musical competition. Allergic reaction to his wood reed was suspected, but patch testing with a moistened portion of his reed and reed shavings in a drop of water revealed no reaction at 48 and 72 hours. Treatment with hydrocortisone 1% cream bid for 3 days led to complete resolution of the dermitis and pruritus. Playing the saxophone 1 h/d has not led to any recurrence. CASE 3: A 33-year-old woman presented with erythema, scaling, and pruritus of 1 month's duration beneath her engagement and wedding rings, which were worn together on her left fourth finger (Figure 3). Although she had no history of previous sensitivity to earrings, watch clasp, blue jean rivets, or other jewelry, allergic contact dermatitis to nickel was suspected. Patch testing was performed to the common metal allergens nickel, cobalt, chromium, and gold. Readings at 48 hours and 1 week revealed no positive reactions. The patient wore her rings on the right hand for 1 week and used fluocinonide 0.5% cream twice daily for 1 week with resolution of the dermatitis. She has subsequently begun wearing the rings again on her left hand with care to dry her hands and rings after washing, and there has been no recurrence of her dermatitis.
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PMID:Occlusive irritant dermatitis: when is "allergic" contact dermatitis not allergic? 1736 82

We report a case of allergic reaction after total cervical disc arthroplasty. A 52-year old woman was operated on for right C6 cervicobrachial neuralgia secondary to C5-C6 disc disease with foraminal stenosis. A cobalt-chromium-molybdenum total disc prosthesis had been implanted two years earlier. The patient was referred to our institution for recurrence of axial neck pain associated with abdominal patches of erythematous itching rash and swallowing disorder. Allergy tests confirmed type-4 allergic reaction to chromium. Symptoms decreased after removal of the prosthesis with secondary fusion. Delayed allergic reaction is uncommon in spine surgery, but should be considered in case of recurrence of initial symptomatology associated with non-spinal signs.
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PMID:Delayed hypersensitivity reaction after cervical disc replacement: a case report. 2620 65


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