Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ciguatera is the commonest form of poisoning resulting from eating fish in the tropics. It has been recognised since the 15th century. The disease is due to the formation of ciguatoxin by a dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus, loosely attached to algae growing on coral reefs. The toxin, which is harmless to the fish, is ingested by small herbivorous fish and passes up the food chain as these are eaten by carnivores. The toxic effects include gastroenteritis, itching of the skin, peripheral neuropathy and central nervous system dysfunction. Though most cases are mild, occasionally the disease is severe and even fatal. There is no effective specific treatment. Three cases, of which one died and which exhibited both peripheral and central nervous system involvement, are described. Histological changes in sural nerve fibers are described. There was striking oedema of the adaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm. These histological changes are very similar to those seen following the injection of scorpion and spider venoms into the peripheral nerve of experimental animals. Both these venoms and ciguatoxin increase the permeability of the membrane to sodium.
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PMID:[Neurologic manifestations of ciguatera. 3 cases with a neurophysiologic study and examination of one nerve biopsy]. 379 30

Kyrle's disease is a chronic, genetically determined, hyperkeratotic disorder occurring in the middle forties. We report fourteen cases of this disorder in a population of 1.5 million over a period of 15 years. We observed a female/male ratio of 6:1. Straw-colored keratotic plugs and flat scale show a marked predisposition for the calf, the tibial region, and the posterior part of the thigh. They vary in size from 1 to 4 mm, and there is occasional plaque formation. No koebnerization or pruritus was noted, and no statistically significant association with hepatic, renal, or diabetic disorders could be demonstrated. Microscopic features showed a consistent pattern of keratotic plug formation, with the plug sitting in an invaginated atrophic epidermis, and underlying dermal histiocyte and lymphocyte aggregation. All lesions contained orthokeratosis and parakeratosis, with some sections showing abnormal keratinization. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis did not demonstrate the presence of abnormal keratin bands.
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PMID:Kyrle's disease. 380 80

Three cases of apparent anaphylactoid reactions to zomepirac sodium (Zomax) are reported. One patient initially appeared to have a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm with vascular collapse. The second patient experienced conjunctival pruritus after each of several doses of zomepirac before emergency department presentation with acute dyspnea and urticaria. The third patient had been admitted previously with a diagnosis of rule out myocardial infarction, which in retrospect was probably a zomepirac reaction. All three recovered uneventfully.
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PMID:Anaphylactic reactions to zomepirac. 397 Apr 5

Seventy glaucomatous eyes received argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to 180 degrees of the trabecular meshwork. Thirty-six eyes were treated with topical .03% sodium flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent; 34 eyes received placebo. Eighteen eyes received ALT to 360 degrees of the meshwork; nine of these eyes were treated with topical 1% indomethacin and nine eyes received placebo. Eyes treated with flurbiprofen and indomethacin showed significantly less conjunctival injection following ALT. However, these agents did not significantly alter the anterior chamber reaction after laser therapy compared to placebo. Flurbiprofen-treated eyes showed a significantly smaller percent (32.6%) decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) one day after ALT as compared to eyes receiving placebo (43.8%). In addition, a higher percentage of placebo treated eyes had a fall in IOP of at least 10 mmHg up to five weeks after ALT. Within the indomethacin protocol, the percentage change in IOP was comparable for both indomethacin and placebo treated eyes. Mild ocular symptoms (itching, burning, foreign-body sensation) developed in 77.8% of flurbiprofen-treated eyes, in 55.6% of indomethacin-treated eyes, and in 20.9% of eyes receiving placebo.
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PMID:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents after argon laser trabeculoplasty. A trial with flurbiprofen and indomethacin. 638 68

Auranofin is the first orally active gold compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Like other chrysotherapeutic agents, its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it probably acts via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Although long term clinical experience with auranofin is limited, its efficacy appears to approach that of sodium aurothiomalate. Further comparative studies with aurothioglucose, hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine are required before definitive statements can be made regarding the relative efficacy of auranofin and these agents. While patients have demonstrated clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis in response to auranofin therapy, radiological studies have been inconclusive regarding its effect on the occurrence or progression of erosive lesions. Auranofin is relatively well tolerated in most patients, but diarrhoea, skin rash, and pruritus are sometimes troublesome, and thrombocytopenia and proteinuria are potentially serious side effects which may occur during therapy. Whereas mucocutaneous side effects are more frequent with injectable gold compounds, gastrointestinal reactions are the most common adverse effect seen with auranofin. The frequency of side effects has been similar with auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate, but they are generally less severe with auranofin. While some of the side effects are controlled by a reduction in dosage, temporary or permanent withdrawal of auranofin may be necessary. Auranofin is clearly a useful addition to the limited list of agents with disease-modifying potential presently available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It will doubtless generate much interest as its final place in therapy becomes better defined through additional well-designed studies and wider clinical experience.
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PMID:Auranofin. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in rheumatoid arthritis. 642 23

We performed a controlled, randomized, double-masked, double-crossover clinical trial topically administered cromolyn sodium (4%) in 11 patientas with atopy and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Statistically significant differences were noted in conjunctival injection, superifcial punctate keratitis, mucous production, and itching when eyes treated with cromolyn were compared to those treated with a placebo. The drug was well tolerated by all patients.
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PMID:Randomized clinical trial of topically administered cromolyn sodium for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 677 37

Auranofin (AF), a new gold compound, has been suggested as an alternative to parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This hypothesis has been tested within a double-blind comparative study and to date 103 patients have been enrolled. Forty-one RA patients have been treated for longer than 6 months. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either AF or sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) and serial comparison of changes within the articular index, grip strength, pain, morning stiffness, and global assessment during treatment were measured. Improvement was noted within both treatment groups. Diarrhea as a side effect was most commonly seen during treatment with AF while rash often combined with pruritus was most commonly reported with GSTM; withdrawal from treatment as the result of this was nevertheless uncommon.
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PMID:Auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, comparative multicenter study. 681 83

The angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225) was proposed as first treatment in 12 cases of uncomplicated essential hypertension maintained on unrestricted sodium intake (group I). Arterial pressure was normalized in 7 patients (subgroup Ia) whilst hydrochlorothiazide was added to captopril in 5 patients (subgroup Ib). A significant dose-response curve between the dose of captopril (range 75 to 450 mg/day) and the antihypertensive effect was obtained with a maximum at 300 mg/day. In 8 patients (group II) hydrochlorothiazide was proposed first and the addition of captopril was necessary in 4 cases. No relationship between pretreatment PRA and the maximum effect of captopril was observed (r = -0.34, NS). No disturbance of upright blood pressure regulation was noted. Adverse reaction consisted of 4 cases of benign and spontaneously regressive skin rash or pruritus.
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PMID:[Effect of captopril in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. 702 49

The authors treated in 1983-1993 72 patients with vulvar varicosities who suffered particularly during pregnancy. Typical symptoms are pruritus, pain caused by pressure in the vulvar area and the sensation of prolapse. According to the authors surgical treatment is unnecessary and involves risk. They recommend compressive sclerotherapy as described by Fegan, using sodium tetradecyl sulphate S.T.D. Hegefort England not only in case of a marked clinical symptomatology but also as prevention of dangerous haemorrhage during delivery.
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PMID:[Vulvar varices]. 755 1

Twelve patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis caused by either birch or timothy grass pollen were challenged out of season in both eyes, with the relevant allergen. Itching, redness, swelling, and tearing were assessed on a 0-3 scale. When a positive reaction, i.e., at least 4 points, had occurred in both eyes, one drop of 2% sodium cromoglycate was administered to one eye and one drop of placebo to the other eye in each patient, in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Symptoms were then assessed after 2, 10, 30, and 60 min. Sodium cromoglycate was statistically better than placebo in reducing the symptoms at 2, 10, and 30 min after the treatment had been administered, showing that topical application of 2% sodium cromoglycate can quickly relieve ongoing symptoms of allergic inflammation in the eye.
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PMID:Topical sodium cromoglycate (Opticrom) relieves ongoing symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis within 2 minutes. 765 43


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