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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six separate investigators following the methodology stipulated in a common protocol provided a data base of 124 patients with Rhus dermatitis, other contact dermatitis, or atopic dermatitis. In this double-blind study, one or two 1 ml (4.0 mg/ml) intramuscular injections of the new sodium phosphate ester of betamethasone was compared with dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the treatment of the signs and symptoms common to these disorders. The comparably balanced groups responded dramatically to both drugs. Within 24 hours the mean scores of all symptoms and patients' overall condition were reduced appreciable. Pruritus, burning, inflammation and other typical symptoms and signs each responded well. The significant beneficial differences were observed most often in patients on betamethasone. There were no treatment failures and no side effects in this short-term trial.
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PMID:Parenteral short-term corticosteroid therapy in moderate to severe dermatoses. A comparative multiclinic study. 13 30

Intramuscularly administered methylprednisolone sodium phosphate (Medrol Stabisol) in single doses of 40, 80, or 160 mg (methylprednisolone equivalents) had a similar effect as the same doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) with regard to eosinophil suppression, elevation of glucose, white blood count differential shifts (lympholytic effect), urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and localized (pain) and systemic side effects. The average plasma methylprednisolone concentration was approximately 20% higher after the intramuscular administration of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate than after methylprednisolone sodium succinate. The differences in plasma methylprednisolone levels produced by the two esters suggest that either hydrolysis of the succinate ester occurs more slowly or the succinate ester distributes more extensively. This difference in plasma level, however, is not reflected in any other pharmacologic evaluation of the two esters, e.g., both eosinophil depression and hyperglycemic response were identical. No clinically significant changes in the vital signs, standard hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters evaluated were noted after 21 successive doses (q.i.d. for five days with one dose in the morning of day 6) of 80 mg methylprednisolone sodium phosphate. An increase was noted in the systolic blood pressure from a pretreatment mean of 113 mm Hg to a posttreatment mean of 123 mm Hg and an increase in the body weight from a pretreatment mean of 177 pounds to a posttreatment mean of 183 pounds. No signs of adrenal suppression were found as judged by plasma cortisol and ACTH levels. Six (6/12) subjects of the methylprednisolone sodium phosphate group, one (1/12) subject of the vehicle group, and one (1/12) subject of the placebo (sterile saline) group reported the following systemic side effects: gas in stomach, headaches, anorectal itching, and dryness of itching of the skin. No trend was observed for any side effect reported. In these double-blind, randomized studies, single (40, 80, and 160 mg) and multiple (80 mg) intramuscular doses of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate were tolerated in healthy volunteers as well as the same doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and similar volumes of vehicle or placebo.
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PMID:The clinical pharmacology of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate. I. Intramuscular route of administration. 32 97

In a double-blind randomised group-comparative trial 21 children with chronic atopic eczema were treated twice daily for up to 12 weeks with an ointment containing 10% sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in white soft paraffin. A similar group of 21 children was treated for up to 12 weeks with a placebo ointment consisting of the white soft-paraffin base only. The number of patients who withdrew from the trial because treatment was ineffective was significantly greater in the placebo group (16) than in the SCG group (four). Comparison between the two groups also showed significant improvement in inflammation, lichenification, and cracking and the symptoms of itching and sleep disturbance among those on SCG treatment. At the end of treatment significantly more patients in the SCG group (16) had benefited from treatment compared with only two patients in the placebo group. No patients experienced side effects. I conclude that SCG ointment may be a safe alternative to topical steroids in the treatment of atopic eczema in children.
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PMID:Treatment of atopic eczema in children: clinical trial of 10% sodium cromoglycate ointment. 40 98

Eleven normal humans were studied to evaluate the reported interaction of racemic sodium warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prospectively. Single oral doses of racemic warfarin, 1.5 mg/kg of body weight, were administered with and without 320 mg of trimethoprim and 1600 mg of sulfamethoxazole orally, beginning 7 d before the warfarin and continuing daily throughout the hypoprothrombinemia. Daily plasma samples were analyzed for one-stage prothrombin activity (Quick) and for warfarin content by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Transient cutaneous reactions developed in four of 11 subjects: a morbilliform rash in three (studies discontinued) and generalized pruritus in one. A highly significant augmentation of the warfarin effect on the mean one-stage prothrombin activity (P less than 0.03) occurred with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but no significant effect was found on the warfarin half-life (P greater than 0.5). It is concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole interacts with racemic warfarin, possibly at a receptor-site locus.
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PMID:Racemic warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole interaction in humans. 46 51

The action mechanism of cromolyn sodium and its effect on bronchial sensitivity to allergen, methacholine chloride, and histamine inhalations were studied in 17 asthmatic subjects. Cromolyn capsules or placebo was administered by an inhaler (Spinhaler) randomly on alternate days 30 minutes before aerosol challenge. Cromolyn and placebo did not differ in their effect on bronchial response to histamine or methacholine. However, the degree of decrease in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second after allergen challenge was significantly reduced by cromolyn in 15 of 17 subjects. Immediate and delayed reactions of itching, tightness, or wheezing developed in 14 subjects after allergen challenges following placebo intake and were prevented or substantially inhibited by cromolyn.
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PMID:Cromolyn therapy in patients with bronchial asthma. Effect on inhalation challenge with allergen, histamine, and methacholine. 82 Aug 82

A double-blind study demonstrated that single intravenous doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinate and hydrocortisone sodium phosphate were similar in eosinophil suppression, elevation of glucose, white blood count differential shifts (polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes), and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium but not in incidence of side effects. More subjects receiving hydrocortisone sodium phosphate experienced systemic or localized adverse effects than those receiving hydrocortisone sodium succinate. The most common side effect was burning or itching in the anorectal area, which occurred in 16 of 18 subjects medicated with hydrocortisone sodium phosphate, in 1 subject of 6 treated with placebo (saline), and in none who received the sodium succinate. The effect is attributed to the phosphate steroid and appears to last as long as it takes to convert to cortisol.
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PMID:Anorectal pruritus after intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate and sodium phosphate. 127 18

The eye reacts to foreign substances through a variety of specific and non-specific defense mechanisms. Constantly exposed to a great variety of microorganisms, the eye is capable of protecting itself without altering its own structure and function. Its resistance relies upon anatomic and physiological properties of its external components (eyelids, tears, conjunctiva and cornea). Most of the times, the conjunctiva becomes affected, resulting in a clinical picture of conjunctivitis where allergy predominates, expressed as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis and flictenular conjunctivitis. The physiopathology is considered to be of type I reaction (IgE mediated). Frequent complains often associated with other allergic diseases are: pruritus, tearing, photofobia and ocular redness. The diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis in done by means of a throughout clinical history, conjunctival citology and evaluation of specific IgE with immediate skin tests. Treatment is symptomatic (antihistamines, antibiotics and/or topic steroids), but prevention (environmental control and sodium cromoglycate) and specific immunotherapy must be considered.
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PMID:[Allergic conjunctivitis]. 130 89

To assess the efficacy and safety of twice-daily administration of nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution, we performed a multicenter study involving 140 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Subjects had a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and positive results of a skin test to ragweed. The trial coincided with the peak ragweed pollen season at five treatment centers. Patients treated with nedocromil sodium had improvements in symptoms with statistically significant reductions recorded for eye itching (P less than or equal to .04), conjunctival injection (P less than or equal to .001), and overall disease severity (P less than or equal to .001) as compared to the placebo-treated group. Adverse events were minor and transient. We concluded that nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution administered twice daily is effective in relieving major symptoms associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. 130 10

Sixteen patients with allergic rhinitis were recruited into a double-blind crossover protocol studying the immediate effect of nedocromil sodium (NS) on the pattern of nasal symptoms and secretions after allergen challenge. After pretreatment with placebo or NS, allergen challenge resulted in pruritus, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and/or sneezing within 10 minutes in 12 of 16 subjects. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a marker of mast cell degranulation, increased proportionately with symptom scores, remaining above the 95% confidence interval for 120 minutes after both pretreatments. No difference in PGD2 between the NS-treatment and placebo-treatment days was observed. Protein markers extravasated through the vasculature (albumin and IgG) or secreted by mucosal glands (lactoferrin) were assayed. Total protein, albumin, IgG, and lactoferrin all remained greater than 95% confidence interval for 100 minutes after allergen challenge in the placebo-pretreated group and 120 minutes in the NS-pretreated group. Although there appeared to be a trend for lower secretion of PGD2, albumin, and IgG in the NS-treated group, the overall differences did not achieve statistical significance. This protocol revealed that two topical 130 microliter doses of a 1% solution of NS failed to significantly reduce allergen-induced symptoms, PGD2 generation, or secretion of albumin, IgG, or lactoferrin when NS was compared with placebo. The anti-inflammatory and mast cell-stabilizing effects of NS may require more prolonged pretreatment before provocation to be effective.
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PMID:Effects of nedocromil sodium on allergen-induced rhinitis in humans. 131 Oct 8

A 4 week, multicentre, double-blind, double dummy, placebo controlled group comparative study was carried out during the birch pollen season to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops (twice daily) and 2% sodium cromoglycate eye drops (four times daily). Participants with a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) were randomized to receive nedocromil sodium (60), sodium cromoglycate (61) or placebo (64). Clinical assessment of SAC showed improvement with both active treatments compared to placebo but symptomatology was low and only changes in photophobia and grittiness reached significance (P < 0.05). Patient diaries showed significant control of itching by both active treatments, compared to placebo, with no differences between the active preparations. Patients' opinions indicated a marked placebo effect: 73% of this group reported full or moderate control of symptoms, compared with 75% in sodium cromoglycate and 80% in the nedocromil sodium group. Unusual symptoms were most common (27 patients) with nedocromil sodium eye drops: P < 0.05 vs. placebo (15 patients). There were no serious adverse events. Nedocromil sodium eye drops (b.d.) and sodium cromoglycate eye drops (q.i.d.) were both considered clinically more effective than placebo in controlling symptoms of SAC due to birch pollen.
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PMID:Double-blind group comparative study of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops with 2% sodium cromoglycate and placebo eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. 146 43


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