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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Environmental contact factors in eczema were investigated in China by clinical questionnaire and patch testing patients with a modified European standard series of allergens. 217 consecutive eczema patients were studied. Contact dermatitis (CD) was clinically diagnosed in 30% of the patients. Among the patients patch tested, 46 patients had clinically diagnosed allergic CD (ACD), 20 patients clinically had non-ACD (NACD) (including 16 cases of irritant contact dermatitis, 1 case of phototoxic contact reaction and 3 cases of asteatotic eczema) and 115 patients had clinically suspected ACD. 45 patients (98%) in the ACD group went on to have relevant patch test results. The most common ACD was from metals, fragrance materials, cosmetics and rubber materials. The most common contact allergens identified were nickel, fragrance mix, para-phenylenediamine (PPD), carba mix and thimerosal. No adverse reactions were observed to patch testing, except for pruritus in patch-test-positive patients. The positive rate of patch testing in ACD was much higher than that in NACD (98% versus 15%, P < 0.05, chi(2)-test). 60 (28%) patients had facial dermatitis (FD). Among these, 20 (33%) were confirmed as having ACD. 48 (22%) patients had hand dermatitis (HD). Among these, 7 (15%) were confirmed as having ACD. Fewer patients were confirmed as having ACD in the HD group than in the FD (15% versus 33%, P < 0.05, chi(2)-test). Although the difference was not significant, the total positivity rate in the HD group (55%) was lower than in the other groups. 65 (30%) patients had unclassified endogenous eczema (UEE). The total positive rate of patch testing in the UEE group (56%) was no different from that in the FD or HD groups. However, the relevance of positive patch tests was hard to determine in UEE. These results indicate that CD is common in eczema; relatively more patients with FD have ACD, while other factors, such as irritation, may play more of a role in HD. The total positive rate of patch testing in the UEE group was no different from that in the FD or HD groups, suggesting that patch testing should be stressed in UEE and the relevance of positive patch test results in UEE should be studied further. It is effective and safe to patch eczema patients with a modified European standard series of allergens in China.
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PMID:Environmental contact factors in eczema and the results of patch testing Chinese patients with a modified European standard series of allergens. 1529 28

The electronics industry is becoming an important mainstream in the workforce in some developed countries and in Taiwan. Among patients with occupational hand dermatitis in northern Taiwan, workers from electronics industries were one of the most important groups. We conducted a field investigation to determine the prevalence, patterns and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses among electronics workers. The survey was conducted in five electronics plants using a self-administered questionnaire on skin symptoms and risk factors. Skin examination and patch testing were followed for those with symptoms compatible with hand dermatitis. A total of 3070 workers completed the questionnaire. Among them, 302 (9.8%) reported to have symptoms (itching and with either redness/scaling) compatible with contact dermatitis on hands. Hand dermatitis was associated with working in the fabrication unit and personal history of atopy and metal allergy, as well as the following job titles: wafer bonding, cutting, printing/photomasking, softening/degluing, impregnation and tin plating. Among those with reported hand dermatitis, 183 completed skin examination and patch testing, 65/183 (35.5%) were diagnosed as having irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 7/183 (3.8%) allergic contact dermatitis. The most important allergens were nickel, cobalt and phenylenediamine. In conclusion, Taiwanese electronics workers have a high risk of having hand dermatitis, especially ICD. Preventive efforts should be focused on the workers with risk factors or at certain worksites.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses in electronics workers. 1580 3

Nickel allergy is the most common contact allergy. Some nickel-sensitive patients present systemic (cutaneous and/or digestive) symptoms related to the ingestion of high nickel-content foods, which significantly improve after a specific low nickel-content diet. The etiopathogenetic role of nickel in the genesis of systemic disorders is, furthermore, demonstrated by the relapse of previous contact lesions, appearance of widespread eczema and generalized urticaria-like lesions after oral nickel challenge test. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of a specific oral hyposensitization to nickel in patients with both local contact disorders and systemic symptoms after the ingestion of nickel-containing foods. Inclusion criteria for the recruitment of these patients were (other than a positive patch test) a benefit higher than 80% from a low nickel-content diet and a positive oral challenge with nickel. Based on the previous experiences, our group adopted a therapeutic protocol by using increasing oral doses of nickel sulfate associated to an elimination diet. Results have been excellent: this treatment has been effective in inducing clinical tolerance to nickel-containing foods, with a low incidence of side effects (gastric pyrosis, itching erythema).
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PMID:A clinical trial of oral hyposensitization in systemic allergy to nickel. 1702 44

A case of papular itching lesions after microsclerotherapy with chromated glycerin (CG) at a 72% concentration for telangiectases of the thighs is reported. Patch-test results were strongly positive for nickel sulfate (+++/+++) and thimerosal (++/++) whereas results were negative for the sclerosing agent CG 72% and glycerol (control). Intradermal injection of CG 72% in the thigh and intravascular injection of CG 72% into telangiectases of the knee produced erythematous papular itching lesions in about 5 to 6 hours. As a negative control, glycerol and sodium chloride 0.9% injected intradermically on the thigh did not cause any reaction. CG can elicit allergic reactions in patients who are sensitive to chromium and can cause new sensitizations to chromium. In our case, no positivity to potassium dichromate was observed.
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PMID:An unusual local reaction after microsclerotherapy with chromated glycerin. 1715 Jan 70

Tacrolimus ointment is a topical immunomodulator. Currently, there is available evidence regarding the potential use of topical tacrolimus in a range of dermatological disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% for the nickel sulfate-induced steroid-resistant allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design was performed in a total of 28 patients affected by nickel sulfate-induced steroid-resistant ACD after a 14-day run-in period. Then, the enrolled patients were randomized into two subgroups. Group A was treated with tacrolimus for 14 days and finally observed for a 7-day follow-up period. Group B, instead, was treated with placebo (vehicle). Four major symptoms (erythema, oozing, scaling, and itching) were considered as outcomes during the different phases of the study. In group A, during the treatment period with tacrolimus, a significant improvement was observed in all four considered symptoms. On the other hand, no improvement in symptoms was observed in the placebo-treated group B. Local adverse events in the tacrolimus-treated group, such as burning/itching at the application site, were transient and well tolerated. No patients withdrew because of burning/itching. In our study, tacrolimus ointment 0.1% appeared to be both effective and safe in the treatment of nickel sulfate-induced steroid-resistant ACD.
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PMID:Tacrolimus ointment in nickel sulphate-induced steroid-resistant allergic contact dermatitis. 1717 90

CASE 1: A 38-year-old teacher presented with a 3- to 4-week history of a linear, erythematous, vesicular, and pruritic eruption of her left wrist. She had been wearing a new elastic bracelet for 4 weeks before the onset of her eruption. Although there was no history of allergy to rubber products or jewelry, an allergic contact dermatitis to rubber was suspected. Patch testing to rubber chemicals and the elastic bracelet revealed no reactions at 48, 72, and 96 hours. She stopped wearing the bracelet and used a corticosteroid cream with rapid resolution of the problem. The patient resumed wearing the bracelet, and there has been no recurrence in the past 2 months. CASE 2: A 12-year-old boy presented with a 1-month history of an itchy, scaly, erythematous 1-cm patch over the midline of his lower lip. The patient complained of tiny blisters initially with persistent erythema, mild scaling, and associated pruritus. The patient plays the saxophone and he had been practicing more intensely (3 to 4 h/d) for a musical competition. Allergic reaction to his wood reed was suspected, but patch testing with a moistened portion of his reed and reed shavings in a drop of water revealed no reaction at 48 and 72 hours. Treatment with hydrocortisone 1% cream bid for 3 days led to complete resolution of the dermitis and pruritus. Playing the saxophone 1 h/d has not led to any recurrence. CASE 3: A 33-year-old woman presented with erythema, scaling, and pruritus of 1 month's duration beneath her engagement and wedding rings, which were worn together on her left fourth finger (Figure 3). Although she had no history of previous sensitivity to earrings, watch clasp, blue jean rivets, or other jewelry, allergic contact dermatitis to nickel was suspected. Patch testing was performed to the common metal allergens nickel, cobalt, chromium, and gold. Readings at 48 hours and 1 week revealed no positive reactions. The patient wore her rings on the right hand for 1 week and used fluocinonide 0.5% cream twice daily for 1 week with resolution of the dermatitis. She has subsequently begun wearing the rings again on her left hand with care to dry her hands and rings after washing, and there has been no recurrence of her dermatitis.
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PMID:Occlusive irritant dermatitis: when is "allergic" contact dermatitis not allergic? 1736 82

The increasingly popular trend of body piercing has led to an increase in allergic reactions to nickel. The most common symtom of a nickel allery is symptom of a nickel allery is contact dermatitis. This may manifest in various degrees ranging from minor itching and redness of the skin to the site of contact. Dermatology nurses play a pivotal role in pre and postoperative assessments, thorough skin important, patient education related to sources of nickel and complications resulting from long-term exposures.
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PMID:Nickel allergies: implications for practice. 1762 5

Body piercing and tattooing are increasingly common. As well as the risk of infection and scarring, allergic reactions are also reported. This is the first multi-centre study to assess the frequency of consultations for allergy. Of the 138 allergologists who answered our two questionnaires, 7.9% reported allergic reactions associated with body piercing and 18.9% identified allergies associated with temporary henna-based tattoos. Contact eczema, rhinitis and urticaria were related to nickel allergy. Contact eczema, generalized eczema, pruritus and edema were caused by tattoos. In 20 out of 28 cases, sensitization to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) was observed. The authors review the literature, underscoring the risk of serious allergy to PPD, the need for long-term monitoring of the risk of skin lymphocytoma, the difficulties met during treatment and the necessity of regulating tattooing and body piercing practices.
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PMID:Allergies associated with body piercing and tattoos: a report of the Allergy Vigilance Network. 1771 70

Exposure to nickel-containing orthodontic appliances may cause intra- or extraoral allergic reactions. Nickel is the most typical antigen implicated in causing allergic contact dermatitis, which is a Type IV delayed hypersensitivity immune response. This report presents an unusual reaction to nickel during the orthodontic treatment of an adult female patient. The patient had no previous history of allergy and had been wearing fixed metal upper appliances while in orthodontic treatment to assist the eruption of her impacted teeth. The adverse hypersensitivity reactions appeared only after the surgical exposure and included severe signs of eczematic and urticarial reactions of the face with redness, irritation, itching, eczema, soreness, fissuring, and desquamation as well as intraoral diffuse red zones. Diagnostic patch testing performed by the allergist revealed sensitization to nickel (++++ score). Treatment was achieved with nickel-free appliances.
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PMID:A severe reaction to ni-containing orthodontic appliances. 1912 14

Nickel is the most common contact allergen. Nickel-containing orthodontic appliances are implicated in allergic reactions, which represent a type IV delayed hypersensitivity immune response. Nickel hypersensitivity is diagnosed through the patient's history, clinical findings, and biocompatibility testing (patch skin tests). While testing the level of nickel in mucosa and blood does not have diagnostic value, the in vitro cell proliferation assays could be an important diagnostic tool. Allergic hypersensitivity reactions may involve intra- and extraoral clinical signs, comprising diffuse erythema, edema, eczema, fissuring, desquamation, and symptoms such as itching and soreness. Caution and close monitoring should be exercised when placing nickel-containing orthodontic appliances in patients with known histories of nickel contact dermatitis, as the original treatment approach might need modification. The aim of this article is to provide orthodontists with the necessary knowledge about the biologic mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and clinical signs, as well as the treatment alternatives to nickel-induced allergic reactions.
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PMID:Allergic reactions to nickel-containing orthodontic appliances: clinical signs and treatment alternatives. 1914 22


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