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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We observed a case of linear lichen planus extending from the right cheek to the jaw, which was accompanied by itching and an unusual sensation in the mouth. The eruption was located along the mandible and aligned with the mandibular nerve. The right molars of the patient contained metal compounds and these were considered to be the cause of his disease. Patch testing with various dental metals showed positive reactions to palladium and platinum. A biopsy specimen showed a lichenoid reaction in the lesional tissue, and dermal contact dermatitis was noted at the palladium patch test site. His dentist reported that palladium-silver-gold or nickel-chrome alloys without platinum had been used in the crown and bridge of his molars. After removal of the dental alloys, the skin eruption resolved with some residual hyperpigmentation. In addition, the peculiar mouth sensation disappeared dramatically within 2 months.
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PMID:Linear lichen planus in the region of the mandibular nerve caused by an allergy to palladium in dental metals. 956 24

Nickel frequently contaminates foods. In sensitized patients, dietary nickel can cause a relapse of contact eczema and also widespread chronic dermatopathies quite similar to those triggered by authentic food allergy (IgE-mediated), from atopic dermatitis to chronic urticaria with angioedema. The present study was intended to evaluate the the results of an elimination diet and of the oral challenge test with nickel salts in a population of adults suffering from chronic urticaria or angioedema, pruritus or atopic dermatitis, and concomitant contract sensitization to nickel salts. The study involved a population of adult patients (112 subjects, 106 women and 6 men, aged from 16 to 58, mean age 29 +/- 10) with widespread allergic-like dermatopathies and contact sensitization to nickel salts (positive patch test). All of these subjects were prescribed a low nickel diet for four weeks. The patients who recovered or whose clinical manifestations greatly improved underwent an oral double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge: they were administered two successive, noncumulative doses of 10 and 20 mg nickel sulphate hexahydrate, respectively equal to 2.23 and 4.47 mg of elemental nickel. A search for specific IgE and the check on skin reactivity by skin-prick test against nickel were carried out in the patients who had shown particularly severe reactions after the oral challenge. A low nickel diet was effective in controlling the symptoms in 44 patients (39.28%, among whom there was one man). The oral double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge test was positive in all the patients who had favourably responded to the elimination diet, except one. In the patients with anaphylactoid reactions on the oral challenge, skin-prick tests were negative and no serum-specific IgE antibodies against nickel were found. Such findings appear to demonstrate that, in some patients with concomitant contact allergy, intolerance to ingested nickel salts might be the real cause of the onset and perpetuation of widespread, chronic, allergic-type dermatopathies.
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PMID:Chronic allergic-like dermatopathies in nickel-sensitive patients. Results of dietary restrictions and challenge with nickel salts. 1047 21

Metal contact allergy is a common problem in the general population. Diagnostic and therapeutic medical-surgical procedures in which metals can be responsible for eczema are diverse. Endovascular aortic surgery is still an experimental but less invasive technique. A generalized eczematous dermatitis elicited by metal of an endovascular prosthesis is presented. An abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in a 79-year-old woman. Endoluminal repair with a straight Vanguard endograft was successful. 3 weeks later, she suffered a severe episode of erythema and eczema on the legs. Since then, she complained of continuous pruritus with eczema and excoriated papules. The dermatitis and also the patch test pathology showed eczema. Patch testing was positive to nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride. An endograft semi-quantitative metal analysis was performed with plasma-induction joint mass-spectrometry. The self-expanding metal stent was mainly composed of nickel (approximately 55%) and titanium (21%) with reinforcing thread of platinum. Antimony was detected only in the polyester textile. These results are consistent with Nitinol composition. The need for preoperative patch testing for metals is controversial. Enquiry about metal allergy is recommended before endoluminal surgical procedures. In the near future, the design of endografts must take into account the possibility of this sort of reaction.
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PMID:Metal-induced generalized pruriginous dermatitis and endovascular surgery. 1090 87

Seventy-five patients of both sexes with clinically suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested with the Indian Standard Series and indigenous antigens. The results were compared with the data from other centers. Most of these patients were young adults between 20 and 39 yrs old with the mean age of 36.63 +/- 5.6 yrs. Their occupational profiles included household workers (17.33%), masons (10.66%), farmers (6.66%), factory workers (4%), medical personnel (4%), lab workers (2.66%), and miscellaneous (17.33%). Itching and burning were two of the most common complaints, and chronic dermatitis was the predominant morphologic pattern of the lesions observed. Frequent sites involved included the hands (40.83%), airborne type (22.44%), hands and feet (12.24%), feet (12.24%), face (10.2%), and neck (2.04%). Patch test analysis of these patients revealed that, out of 75 subjects tested, 49 (65.3%) reacted to one or more allergens. Parthenium (20%) is the most common contact sensitizer followed by potassium dichromate (16%), xanthium (13.33%), nickel sulphate (12%), chrysanthemum (8%), mercaptobenzothiazole, and garlic (6.66% each). These findings are in broad conformity with those in other reports. We concluded that the Indian Standard Series of antigens with the addition of a few more (such as garlic, onion and chlorheximide of local relevance) is suitable for detecting the allergens responsible for the contact dermatitis prevailing in this region.
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PMID:Common contact sensitizers in Delhi. 1093 40

Recently, the use of asbestos has been considerably limited in Poland, with the simultaneous increase in the manufacture, processing and application of man-made mineral fibres, which includes ceramic fibres. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the type and frequency of dermal changes caused by the irritant activity of ceramic fibres among workers at the plants that manufacture packing and insulation products; and (2) to compare the irritant activity of Polish-made L-2 and L-3 ceramic fibres with that of the Thermowool ceramic fibres made in England. Workers (n = 226) who were exposed to ceramic fibres underwent dermatological examination. Patch tests with the standard allergen set, together with samples of the fibres L-2, L-3, and Thermowool fibres, were applied to all the workers. It has been shown that the Polish-made L-2 and L-3 fibres differed from Thermowool fibres in that the L-2 and L-3 fibres contained zirconium and were coarser. The proportion of filaments with diameters above 3 microns was 11.1% in the L-3 fibre and 6.3% in the L-2 fibre samples. The Thermowool fibre did not contain filaments thicker than 3 microns. Evident dermal changes, resulting from strong irritant activity of the fibres, were detected in 109 (48.2%) of the workers examined. Irritant contact dermatitis acuta (maculae, sometimes papulae and small crusts on the upper extremities, trunk, and lower extremities), disappearing after 2-3 days, was found in 50 (22.1%) workers. Irritant contact dermatitis chronica (diffuse permanent erythema with numerous telangiectasiae on the lateral portions of the face and neck, on the trunk, behind the auricles) was detected in 40 (17.7%) workers. The remaining 19 (8.4%) workers had both types of dermal change. All examined workers complained of very strong itching. The results of the patch tests confirmed the irritant activity of the ceramic fibres. Erythema without oedema, persisting for up to 96 h, appeared at the places where the fibres had been applied to the skin in 44 (19.5%) workers. In addition, the irritant activity of the fibres has been shown to be correlated with their thickness. The Thermowool fibre was the weakest irritant, because it did not contain filaments above 3 microns in diameter; the L-2 fibre containing 6.3% filaments above 3 microns caused somewhat stronger skin irritation; while the L-3 fibre, which contained 11.1% filaments thicker than 3 microns, was the strongest irritant. A few cases of allergy to nickel, chromium and colophony (rosin) were also detected.
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PMID:Occupational ceramic fibres dermatitis in Poland. 1097 32

A 44-year-old patient died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after nine years of heavy exposure to cadmium (Cd) in a nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery factory. Two years after starting work he and co-workers had experienced pruritus, loss of smell, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, cough, shortness of breath, severe headaches, bone pain, and proteinuria. Upper back pain and muscle weakness progressed to flaccid paralysis. EMG findings were consistent with motor neuron disease. Cd impairs the blood-brain barrier, reduces levels of brain copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and enhances excitoxicity of glutamate via up-regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and down-regulation of glutamate uptake in glial cells. High levels of methallothionein, a sign of exposure to heavy metals, have been found in brain tissue of deceased ALS patients. The effects of Cd on enzyme systems that mediate neurotoxicity and motor neuron disease suggest a cause effect relationship between Cd and ALS in this worker.
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PMID:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a battery-factory worker exposed to cadmium. 1137 40

The high risk of occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel are well accepted throughout the world. There are few reports concerning occupational skin disease in dental personnel in Korea. The purposes of this study were to investigate the frequency, characteristics and causative factors of contact dermatitis in Korean dental technicians. Recording of personal history, physical examination and patch tests with the Korean standard series and dental screening series were performed in 49 dental technicians. Most of the subjects were exposed to a variety of compounds, including acrylics, metals, plaster, alginate, etc. 22 (44.9%) subjects had contact dermatitis, present or past, and the site involved was the hand in all 22. The most common clinical feature of hand dermatitis was itching (77.3%); scaling, fissuring and erythema were other common clinical features. Metals, including potassium dichromate (24.5%), nickel sulfate (18.4%), mercury ammonium chloride (16.3%), cobalt chloride (12.2%) and palladium chloride (10.2%), showed high positive rates in patch test results of 49 dental technicians. 7 positive reactions to the various acrylics were found in 3 subjects. In our study, the frequency and clinical features of the contact dermatitis showed a similarity to other reports, though the patch test results were somewhat different; a higher patch-positive reaction to metals and a relatively lower patch-positive reaction to acrylics than the patch test results reported in Europe.
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PMID:Contact dermatitis in Korean dental technicians. 1142 61

One hundred consecutive patients with hand eczema were patch tested with the Indian Standard Series and indigenous antigens after a detailed history and clinical examination. Both sexes were involved and the majority of them were in the age group between 20-39 years (56%). Their occupational profile varied in order of frequency from household work (37%), to masons (14%), students (11%), factory workers (7%), and others (31%). Itching was the most common presenting complaint (93%). A history of atopy was found in 36% of the patients. The predominant sites involved were the palms (43%), followed by fingers (32%), dorsum (17%), and the entire hand (8%). Dry, scaly skin was the most common morphological picture, followed by hyperpigmentation, fissuring, and lichenification. Based on history, clinical examination and patch test results, the diagnosis was made as allergic contact dermatitis in 67% of cases and irritant contact dermatitis in 15% of cases. Positive patch tests with one or more allergens were noted in 67% of the patients. Vegetables (21%) were found to be the most common sensitizers, followed by nickel sulphate (20%), potassium dichromate (18%), and others. Wet work, soaps, and detergents were found to be the most offending irritants. The present study confirmed the fact that hand eczema is a multifactorial disease caused by both irritants and allergens.
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PMID:Pattern of contact sensitivity in Indian patients with hand eczema. 1457 54

Numerous factors may be involved in the development of chronic recurrent otitis externa: altered pH of the cerumen, increased susceptibility to contact allergens (e.g. nickel ear-rings) in atopic patients, the use of instruments for cleaning out the auditory canal, the presence of a foreign body, congential narowing of the auditory canal, or systemic diseases (in particular diabetes mellitus). For diagnostic purposes, the use of the otoscope is mandatory, and swabs to determine the presence of bacteria or fungi are to be recommended. Treatment is dictated by the clinical picture presenting, and may comprise the local application of antibiotic cortisone containing or antimycotic preparations and temponade of the auditory canal (acute inflammatory phase) or pH-stabilizing lotions (chronic dry inflammatory phase) with the aim of ameliorating the frequently highly troublesome pruritus.
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PMID:[Chronic recurrent otitis externa. Excessive ear hygienic care can have sequelae]. 1465 37

To investigate causes of contact dermatitis in the metal spray process in a film-condenser factory, we developed a questionnaire survey for workers exposed to metal dust, analyzed the metal dust, and conducted patch tests with the metal dust and its constituents. In the questionnaire survey, we identified 12 workers (12/26, 46.2%) who had had dermatitis. The main symptoms were itching, itchy red skin and itchy papules. Analysis of the metal dust showed that there was no copper oxide, but nickel, not contained in the materials of the metal spray, was detected. One worker with dermatitis had a positive reaction to 2.5% nickel sulphate. Some of the workers showed primary irritant reactions to 5% copper sulphate. As a result, we considered that these cases of dermatitis involved irritant contact dermatitis due to copper and/or allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel. To prevent dermatitis, we recommended improvement in ventilation, reducing the room temperature to reduce sweating, and to educate workers on the importance of frequent hand washing. Thereafter, the incidence of dermatitis decreased, and there were no cases requiring medication.
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PMID:[Investigation of the cause of contact dermatitis due to heavy metal in a metal spray process in a film-condenser factory]. 1502 39


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