Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven women (group I) with axillary hyperhidrosis were treated ad modum Shelley & Hurley with local application of aluminium chloride hexahydrate 25% in absolute ethanol and plastic foil occlusion during two successive nights once a week. The patients were observed for 24 weeks. Another 12 women (group II) were treated for up to 12 weeks with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 25% in absolute ethanol but without using plastic foil occlusion. We have attempted to determine the effect of the treatment by sweat measurements, leaving the left axilla untreated during the initial 1--2 weeks as a control. An immediate reduction in sweat production of the treated axilla was found in both groups. The reduction increased during the first weeks and was maintained thereafter. The degree of sweat reduction was the same during standardized work and during rest (group II). At the final controls all patients in group I had discontinued the occlusion and had individualized the treatment, most of them using local application 1--2 times weekly. Two patients in group I had to stop the treatment because of unbearable itching. The other patients found the treatment completely satisfactory. All patients had experienced itching and smarting when starting the treatment. Often these discomforts were temporary but they seem to require active support by close medical control during the initital period of treatment. In contrast to previous investigations, effective treatment was achieved both with and without occlusion.
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PMID:Axillary hyperhidrosis: local treatment with aluminum chloride hexahydrate 25% in absolute ethanol. 8 59

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), a molecule naturally present in several body tissues and fluids, is produced, by SAMe synthetase, from ATP and methionine. SAMe has a fundamental role, as methyl group donor, in transmethylation reactions in which the synthesis of membrane phospholipids (especially phosphatidylcholine) is mandatory for the maintenance of membrane fluidity. Another metabolic pathway involving SAMe, transsulphuration, is initiated with the release of -CH3 from the molecule and the formation of S-Adenosyl-homocysteine and then homocysteine and cysteine, a precursor of glutathione the main cellular antioxidant, responsible of detoxification of various compounds and xenobiotics. At last SAMe is implicated in aminopropylation process for the polyamine synthesis. The development of stable double salt of p-toluene sulphonic acid and sulphuric acid of SAMe enables the clinical use of the drug, as a therapeutical agent, for the treatment of a number of liver dysfunctions. In various animal and human models, including controlled trials, it has been demonstrated that SAMe can ameliorate some biochemical parameters and pruritus in cholestasis induced by a range of compounds (i.e. oestrogens, lithocolate, etc) and in intrahepatic cholestasis superimposed to chronic liver disease. Concerning alcohol toxicity, SAMe prevents, in ethanol fed baboons, depletion of glutathione levels, normalizes the mitochondrial enzymes and improves the histological hepatic lesions. In human healthy volunteers it has been recently demonstrated that SAMe, after ethanol ingestion, significantly lowers plasma concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde as well. Finally, SAMe has been proposed, instead of N-acetylcysteine, as precursor of glutathione, in patients who present late after ingestion of an overdose of paracetamol.
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PMID:[S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) and its use in hepatology]. 129 37

More than 135 different strategies for medical treatment have been described for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. The substances used most frequently (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or clomethiazol) themselves pose some risk for abuse or addiction. Anticonvulsants, especially carbamazepine (CBZ), have been discussed for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal since the early seventies. Various studies report favourable results with CBZ, usually combined with sedative agents. Nineteen out-patients and 19 in-patients took part in an open study of CBZ in alcohol withdrawal. The dose of CBZ was adjusted individually and ranged from a mean dose of 761 mg on day 1 to 616 mg on day 3 and to 388 mg on day 7 in the group of out-patients, and from 789 mg on day 1, 694 mg on day 3 to 562 mg on day 7 in the sample of in-patients. The "Objective Clinical Scale in Assessment and Measurement of Alcohol Withdrawal" (OCSAMAW) was used for treatment evaluation. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement on the 5%-level in both groups; four in-patients needed concomitant treatment with oxazepam. Nausea and pruritus were the most common side-effects of CBZ treatment.
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PMID:Carbamazepine monotherapy in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. 208 98

An ethanol extract of turmeric ("Curcuma longa") as well as an ointment of curcumin (its active ingredient) were found to produce remarkable symptomatic relief in patients with external cancerous lesions. Reduction in smell were noted in 90% of the cases and reduction in itching in almost all cases. Dry lesions were observed in 70% of the cases, and a small number of patients (10%) had a reduction in lesion size and pain. In many patients the effect continued for several months. An adverse reaction was noticed in only one of the 62 patients evaluated.
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PMID:Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. 243 36

The effectiveness of surgical palliation for pancreatic cancer has been reviewed. Jaundice should be relieved early as this eliminates distressing pruritus, improves the quality of life, and avoids the sequelae of prolonged extrahepatic obstruction. The procedure may prolong survival, but this has not been proved. Biliary obstruction is managed best by a simple loop cholecystojejunostomy. If the gallbladder is unavailable, a choledochojejunostomy is equally effective. Nonsurgical techniques such as percutaneous or endoscopically placed biliary stents may be appropriate in patients who are not candidates for surgery. A gastrojejunostomy should be done in all patients who have gastroduodenal obstruction by tumor. Most patients who undergo surgical biliary bypass also should have a gastrojejunostomy, even if gastroduodenal obstruction has not yet developed. Otherwise, more than 20 per cent of patients may need a second operation if gastroduodenal obstruction develops later. Pain, a problem in more than half of patients, is best relieved by an intraoperative celiac ganglion block with 50 per cent ethanol. Laparotomy is desirable in most of these patients with pancreatic cancer, because it provides tissue for diagnosis, allows a definite assessment of resectability, and produces effective palliation.
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PMID:Surgical palliation for pancreatic cancer. 247 Dec 81

The ability to localize a chemical stimulus applied to the skin of the forearm was compared to the ability to localize a punctate tactile stimulus. The chemical stimulus was a single, 6-microliters drop of a 1.0% solution of capsaicin in an ethanol vehicle; the tactile stimulus was a polyester monofilament that exerted 7.5 g of force. Subjects attempted to localize the stimuli at 30-sec intervals for a period of 13.5 min, and rated the perceived intensity and quality of the chemogenic sensations. To avoid generating potentially confounding tactile sensations, localization attempts were made by pointing to the area of sensation with a focused light beam. The results showed that overall, chemical localization was inferior to tactile localization: The absolute error of localization averaged 2.5 cm for capsaicin compared to 1.4 cm for the monofilament. The experiment also revealed that chemical localization (1) varied significantly across arms, (2) exhibited a relatively strong bias toward the elbow, and (3) appeared to be unaffected by the perceived intensity of the sensation. The dominant sensation quality reported was itch. The results are discussed in the context of cutaneous localization in general and localization in the nociceptive system in particular.
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PMID:Localization of chemical stimulation: capsaicin on hairy skin. 281 3

Salivary gland homogenates of adult female Lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. Apyrase (ATP diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring Ca2+ but not Mg2+ and a pH optimum of 8.0. Human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. Erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously exposed to this insect. When injected intradermally into the shaved back of a rabbit, salivary gland homogenates induced marked erythema, even with 1/250 of a homogenized salivary gland. This erythema-inducing factor was insoluble in 90% ethanol and was destroyed by incubation with trypsin. These apyrase and erythema-inducing factors, together with short mouthpart stylets, appear to adapt Lutzomyia sandflies to feed on blood released from superficial skin capillaries.
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PMID:Blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. 287 Aug 60

Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. Bombesin-like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the rat and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. BBS is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of rat. A bombesin-like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. BBS may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. Bombesin is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and ethanol intake, but the satiation effects of systemic BBS can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central BBS. Thus, bombesin may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by BBS is not affected by naloxone, involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and BBS in the rat. These properties of bombesin-induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. Cholecystokinin-like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the rat and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic CCK-like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for CCK-like peptides in control of behavior. CCK-8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central CCK-8 is co-localized with CRF and stimulates ACTH and corticosterone release in the rat. Thus, CCK-8 may induce grooming by increasing CRF or ACTH activity. These properties of CCK-like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as pruritus and allergic reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Bombesin and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the rat. 329 65

A stable solution of erythromycin was developed using a vehicle of ethanol, propylene glycol, and citric acid buffer. In a controlled, randomized, double-blind comparison, a 2% solution of erythromycin applied to moderately severe facial acne was found to be superior to the blank vehicle in reducing the number of inflamed papules. During a period of 12 weeks, such papules were reduced by 56% in the erythromycin group, compared with 33% in the blank vehicle group. In the erythromycin group, 62% of the subjects had a good or excellent response, compared with 27% of those in the blank vehicle group. Adverse effects were similar in type in both groups and included redness, scaling, dryness, oiliness, burning, itching, and irritation of the eyes. No allergic reactions or skin infections were encountered.
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PMID:Topical erythromycin vs blank vehicle in a multiclinic acne study. 645 68

A 39-year-old nurse exhibited for one year an immediate-type asthmatic reaction with rhinorrhea and facial flushing and itching after ingestion of alcohol. The elimination of all alcohol-containing items from the operating theater brought relief from the daytime symptoms. Some dyspnea after salicylate ingestion and in cold weather persisted. Oral provocation tests with wine and pure ethanol and inhalation tests with ethanol vapours gave rise to all the known symptoms. Asthma could be prevented by prior inhalation of disodium cromoglycate, whereas facial itching and nasal reaction was prevented by oral ketotifen but not by cromoglycate.
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PMID:[Asthma and rhinitis induced by the ingestion of pure ethanol and by the inhalation of alcohol vapors]. 680 72


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