Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a multicentre study 15 physicians investigated the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of Faktu suppositories and ointment (containing the active principle of Albothyl, a condensation product of m-cresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde) in 585 patients with proctological affections. Highly satisfactory results were achieved in 486 patients (83.1%). The following were found to be the main indications: -treatment of wounds after proctological operations, -fresh and fissures, -bleeding internal haemorrhoids, -anal eczema and anal pruritus, -rhagades and perforated or prolapsed external haemorrhoids (perianal thrombosis). None of the investigators reported any persisting adverse side-effects. 16% of the patients complained of local discomfort of varying intensity such as pruritus, burning or irritation. The symptoms mostly appeared on commencement of the treatment and necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 5.3% only. The extremely favourable effect of Albothyl - the active principle of Faktu - is due to its unique mechanism of action: the markedly acid milieu of the substance. Furthermore the Faktu preparations do not contain any steroids and consequently they can be used without any misgivings over prolonged periods.
 ...
PMID:[Multicenter clinical study of a novel steroid-free preparation in proctology]. 13 41

Bacterial contamination may cause several adverse reactions, including pyrogenic consequences during hemodialysis. Some disorders, such as skin flush, pruritus, and other anaphylactoid reactions, are still unexplained. Bacterial bioproducts, i.e., endotoxins, are not removed by the highly porous membranes. Most studies have been done on the liquid phase of the dialysate. In this study, a biofilm has been made in a hemodialysis system, using an additional pump that continuously supplies several bioproducts: gram (+) or gram (-) bacteria, or extracted endotoxin. The attachment of bacteria and the role of the biofilm in different circumstances were determined: 1) A contaminated dialysate with 1,000 bacteria/ml is necessary to set up a biofilm in the device. AAMI, Canadian, and French standards (200 bacteria/ml) are validated. 2) In the presence of non-endotoxic bacteria (Staphylococcus conhii, delta hemolytic), and when solutions contaminated by endotoxin are used, the biofilm produces micellar forms of endotoxin that are not removed by the filter. 3) The efficiency of disinfectants differs. For example, the activities of sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide are lower in the biofilm than in static studies.
 ...
PMID:A bacterial biofilm in a hemodialysis system. Assessment of disinfection and crossing of endotoxin. 268 12

Maintenance hemodialysis is widely used throughout the world, and anaphylactic reactions appear to be increasing in number and severity. However, the exact incidence of sensitization and the role of atopy in these reactions are not yet fully understood. All of the 111 patients routinely dialyzed in a center were tested. All patients had a complete investigation of atopy, RAST to chemicals released during the procedure of dialysis (ethylene oxide (Eto), formaldehyde, phthalic anhydride, and toluene diisocyanate), skin tests with the effluent, and the titration of blood eosinophils. The incidence of atopy was found to be lower (13.5%) than in the normal population of the area. Skin tests with either histamine or allergens are significantly (p less than 0.001) smaller than those of nondialyzed subjects, and this method does not appear to be ideal in this population of patients. Eto sensitivity ranked first (5.5%), followed by phthalic anhydride sensitivity (3.6%); 5/6 patients who had a sensitivity to Eto and/or phthalic anhydride presented symptoms during dialysis, but they never were life threatening. Formaldehyde RAST was only found in one patient who had a life-threatening reaction. Finally, three patients presenting pruritus had positive skin prick tests with the effluent of the dialyzer. All patients having a first use syndrome and 80/81 symptom-free patients did not have serum-specific IgE against the released chemicals, 5/17 patients who had a pruritus during dialysis had either positive RAST to released chemicals or skin tests to the effluent, 5/8 patients who suffered from anaphylaxis had positive RAST to released chemicals, but only those who had a positive RAST presented a severe reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Allergy in long-term hemodialysis. II. Allergic and atopic patterns of a population of patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. 334 88

The relationship between contact allergy to formaldehyde and positive patch test reactions to DMDM hydantoin was investigated. 35 formaldehyde-allergic patients were patch tested with serial dilutions of formaldehyde (0.1%-0.3%-1.0% aq.) and DM hydantoin (the non-formaldehyde-containing parent compound of DMDM hydantoin). 21 were also patch tested with MDM hydantoin (1 molecule formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 7 (33%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. The other 14 were also tested with DMDM hydantoin (2 molecules formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 8 (57%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. Patients patch-test-positive to formaldehyde 0.1% and/or 0.3% tended to show more patch test reactivity to (D)MDM hydantoin than those who reacted only to 1%. Aqueous solutions of (D)MDM hydantoin in concentrations as used in cosmetic products therefore contain enough free formaldehyde to cause dermatitis in a patch test system in some formaldehyde-allergic patients: 12 such patients applied a cream containing 1% DMDM hydantoin to the flexor aspect of the lower arm twice daily for 1 week; 4 (33%) developed dermatitis. The use of a cream containing 0.25% DMDM hydantoin in these 4 patients still caused dermatitis in 1 and provoked itching in another. An increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitable increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde.
 ...
PMID:Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy. 337 26

Patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis are often exposed to formaldehyde formaldehyde (F) has been reported to cause IgE-mediated anaphylactic shock. Many other patients reported pruritus or anaphylaxis-like symptoms when dialysed with F-sterilized dialysers. Ten patients presenting such symptoms were compared with five control subjects. Intravenous double-blind challenges were performed on six consecutive occasions, with capillary flow dialysers sterilized with or without F. Dialysis was performed by an investigator who was not aware of the sterilization procedure. Among the ten F-sensitive patients, five had symptoms with F-sterilized dialysers and no symptoms with new dialysers, sterilized by ethylene oxide and free of F. Symptoms included pruritus and hypotension. These five patients were subsequently dialysed with new dialysers, not sterilized with F, and symptoms subsided. The five other patients had inconclusive challenges. The five control subjects had no symptoms during challenges. Skin-prick tests with F showed that only one of the five patients who had symptoms with F-dialysers had a strongly positive prick test. RAST to F was titrated with HSA-discs but it was negative in all patients and control subjects. Formaldehyde was shown to cause symptoms in some patients under chronic haemodialysis but an IgE-mediated mechanism was not demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Allergy in chronic haemodialysis. 1. Double-blind intravenous challenge with formaldehyde. 343 30

Over a 4 year period, five of 98 patients at our dialysis unit developed signs and symptoms consistent with first-use syndrome (FUS). Marked improvement was noted after subjecting new dialyzers to automated processing using either formaldehyde or peracetic acid. No episodes of FUS occurred in patients being treated with reused dialyzers. Use of formaldehyde sterilization was associated with development of anti-N-like antibodies in the blood of four (8%) of 50 patients over a follow-up period of 14 months. In two patients on the reuse program, itching during dialysis resolved after changing from formaldehyde-sterilization to a method using peracetic acid. Our results confirm the beneficial effects of reuse with regard to first-use syndrome. However, our data also suggest that use of formaldehyde, the most common reuse sterilant, continues to be associated with undesirable clinical and laboratory side effects.
 ...
PMID:Influence of reuse and of reuse sterilants on the first-use syndrome. 349 70

A 78-year-old man experienced pruritus, burning, and redness within minutes of exposure to sunlight. The immediacy as well as the temporary nature of the response was similar to that seen in solar urticaria, but in sharp contrast to the delayed reactions associated with sunburn and photocontact dermatitis. Photo-patch tests revealed a specific photosensitivity to formaldehyde. Despite its ubiquitous presence and its capacity to produce allergic contact dermatitis, formaldehyde, to my knowledge, has not been previously found to be a photosensitizer.
 ...
PMID:Immediate sunburn-like reaction in a patient with formaldehyde photosensitivity. 705 14

We compared the behavioral effects of treatment with pruritogenic and algesiogenic agents in mice. The animals were given subcutaneous injections of pruritogenic agents, compound 48/80 (3-100 micrograms), substance P (10-300 micrograms) and histamine (3-300 micrograms), and algesiogenic agents, capsaicin (30 and 100 micrograms) and dilute formalin (5 mg of formaldehyde), into the rostral back, and scratching of the injected site by the hind paws was counted. Compound 48/80 and substance P dose dependently elicited the scratching behavior, but histamine, capsaicin and dilute formalin were without significant effects at the doses examined. These results suggest that compound 48/80- and substance P-induced scratching of the injected site is due to itch, but not to pain. The data did not provide support for the idea that histamine produces itch in the mouse.
 ...
PMID:Scratching behavior induced by pruritogenic but not algesiogenic agents in mice. 753 79

In an epidemiological study of occupational dermatitis in 5 different shoe factories, 246 workers were interviewed, examined and patch tested using standard and occupational patch test series. The prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis was 14.6% (36/246): 8.1% (20/246) irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) and 6.5% (16/246) allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). Among the latter, the most common occupational allergens were p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin and mercaptobenzothiazole. 6% (15/246) presented with hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, while 3.2% (8/246) reported pruritus sine materia (PSM) present only during working hours. 2 workers presented with vitiligo-like leukodermic patches on the backs of their hands and on their forearms. Some jobs were more frequently associated with skin complaints. In the assembly department, OACD was most frequent (11.4%), attributed to contact with adhesives and, to a lesser degree, with rubber and leather. OICD caused by contact with the solvents contained in adhesives and varnishes was most frequent in the assembly and trimming departments (17.1% and 15.6%, respectively). PSM, probably caused by the dust present in the working environment was reported by 33.3% of the workers in the sole-cutting and scraping departments. Hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, as a reaction to the continuous trauma of leather on the skin, was observed most frequently (41.6%) in the sole-cutting department.
 ...
PMID:Occupational dermatitis in shoemakers. 878 19

The sensitizing potency of formaldehyde and phenol exposure during 4 weeks of an anatomy dissection course was assessed in 45 medical students. Specific IgE against formaldehyde by RAST and by ELISA and specific IgE against phenol by ELISA were assessed before and after the course. At the start of the course, symptoms, type I allergy, respiratory diseases, and smoking habits were noted. At the end of the course, only symptoms experienced during the dissection lessons were assessed. Indoor formaldehyde levels were measured continuously. The mean indoor formaldehyde level was 0.124 +/- 0.05 ppm, with a minimum of 0.059 ppm and a maximum of 0.219 ppm. Specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol was found in none of the subjects at the beginning of the course, and no student showed specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol after the course. Assessment of primarily irritant symptoms during the lesson revealed itch and paraesthesia of hands in 33/45 students (P < 0.00005), headache in 15/45 students, burning eyes in 13/45 students (P < 0.02), dizziness in 8/45 students (P < 0.008), sneezing in 4/45 students, epistaxis in 2/45 students, and shortness of breath in 1/45 students. According to our data, 1-month exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissection course does not induce specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol.
 ...
PMID:Formaldehyde and phenol exposure during an anatomy dissection course: a possible source of IgE-mediated sensitization? 894 43


1 2 Next >>