Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Geriatric patients, though they may present many of the dermatological problems occurring throughout adult life, show a greater incidence of the degenerative skin changes consequent on sun exposure in the form of collagen degeneration, solar keratoses, keratoacanthoma and skin cancer. The benign, precancerous and malignant skin tumours, the various types of eczema, senile pruritus and certain other conditions will be discussed.
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PMID:Dermatoses in geriatric patients. 14 Jun 50

Two types of highly resilient and liquid-absorbent collagen sponge contraceptives (CSC) in the shape of cylindrical cups (6 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick) were evaluated for acceptance as an intravaginal contraceptive method for a period of 3 months in 27 volunteers. Parameters such as retention, odor, irritation, itching, discharge, and convenience for the user and her sexual partner were tested. Average retention time was 7 to 9 days (range, 2 to 28 days); still, most sexually active volunteers preferred to remove the CSC every 3 to 4 days, rinse them in tap water, and reinsert them. Odor was noticed by users in 4% of the tested sponges and in 30% of all volunteers by medical personnel at the time of removal of the CSC from the vagina. No irritation, itching, or discharge was reported. The CSC alone did not cause any inconvenience to the user or partner, while the CSC with inserted rubber ring was felt by both partners and was found to be dislocated. This study indicates good acceptance of the CSC in intravaginal use. Studies to evaluate the efficacy of collagen sponges as mechanical contraceptive barriers are in progress.
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PMID:The acceptance of the collagen sponge diaphragm as an intravaginal contraceptive in human volunteers. 100 25

We studied the effect of tranilast on the growth of carrageenin-induced granulation and the increase in capillary permeability induced by inflammatory agents in rats. In the carrageenin-induced granulation model, tranilast (50 or 100-200 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased significantly and dose-dependently the weight and the hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue. Tranilast, however, showed no effect on the healing day of locally wounded dorsal skin of rats. Triamcinolone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed an inhibitory effect on the carrageenin-induced granulation model. Tranilast (50-400 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited the enhancement of capillary permeability induced by the Ca ionophore A23187, bradykinin and xanthine oxidase. Moreover, tranilast (30 and 300 microM) suppressed superoxide production induced by FMLP in human neutrophils, but did not act as a superoxide scavenger. Considering that hypertrophic scar and keloid are conditions characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and excessive collagen accumulation accompanied with itch and pain, these results suggest that tranilast is useful as a therapeutic drug for hypertrophic scars and keloids.
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PMID:[Effect of tranilast, an anti-allergic drug, on carrageenin-induced granulation and capillary permeability in rats]. 137 12

'Ageing is a multistep, multifaceted, time-dependent phenomenon characterized by the decreased ability of a system to respond to exogenous and endogenous stress from either physical, chemical or biologic agents'. Cutaneous ageing provides a visible model of the interaction between endogenous (intrinsic) factors and exogenous (extrinsic) factors. In skin, the principal extrinsic-factor is ultraviolet light (UV) which is responsible for the constellation of changes termed photoageing. In recent years, much interest has been directed towards defining the ageing processes in skin and excellent comprehensive reviews have been compiled. This review aims to highlight several areas of developing knowledge, and focuses on the potential importance of environmental changes as they influence skin ageing and carcinogenesis. Repeated reference to the effects of UV on the skin are inevitable in any review of skin ageing and this is scarcely surprising as the skin contains many cells as well as subcellular and extracellular chromophores which are capable of absorbing energy within the UV spectrum. Cellular chromophores include among others keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, dermal fibroblasts and mast cells. Subcellular chromophores include keratin, melanin, collagen, elastin and a number of proteins, lipids and steroids (such as vitamin D). Urocanic acid, a photoisomerization product of the amino-acid histidine, may provide some limited photoprotection and some believe it to be important in UV induced immunosuppression. Understanding events at the molecular and biochemical level has unfortunately not been paralleled by clinical advances and the common, troublesome skin-problems of old age such as cancer, xerosis and pruritus remain a major cause of morbidity and yet are poorly explained.
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PMID:Aspects of cutaneous ageing. 179 84

This 9-year-old boy had a three-year history of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. A shield ulcer developed in the superior part of the cornea. The shield ulcer is a rare manifestation of the disease. Although the cause of shield ulcer is unknown, the association of shield ulcer with large papillae suggests a mechanical cause. The symptoms of itching and mucous discharge were relieved after medications with topical steroid and cromolyn sodium, but the large shield ulcer was persistent. The vernal ulcer was treated with a 72 hours collagen shield. The ulcer healed rapidly within 5 days, leaving a corneal opacity about the level of Bowman's layer.
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PMID:Vernal keratoconjunctivitis with shield ulcer--a case report. 184 37

A multicenter cooperative study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fragmin (FR-860) as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis. Sixty-one stable maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled from 14 institutions in Japan. The study period was fixed at 2 weeks. Dosage requirements were 15.0 to 20.0 anti-Xa U/kg as bolus and 7.5 to 10.0 anti-Xa U/kg/hr as continuous infusion. The total dosage of Fragmin was 2505 +/- 127 anti-Xa U compared with 6124 +/- 190 U of conventional heparin. No differences were observed in residual blood in extracorporeal circuits between the groups. The hemostasis times at puncture sites after completion of dialysis were significantly shortened in the Fragmin group (7.9 +/- 0.7 minutes) when compared with the conventional heparin group (11.4 +/- 1.1 minutes; p less than 0.01). Plasma anti-Xa levels were 0.24 +/- 0.03 and 0.36 +/- 0.04 U/ml 1 hour after the initiation and at the completion of dialysis, respectively. ACTs, measured by the Hemochron method, were not prolonged during dialysis. APTTs varied from 34.3 +/- 1.2 before dialysis to 41.0 +/- 1.9 (p less than 0.01) 1 hour after the start of dialysis and 39.9 +/- 1.6 seconds (p less than 0.01) at the end of dialysis. Plasma AT III activity increased from 96.8 +/- 2.5% before dialysis to 113.0 +/- 3.2% (p less than 0.01) at the end of dialysis. No significant changes were observed in both ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation during dialysis. Dialysis efficiency was the same for both groups. Slight itching developed in one of 61 cases. No abnormal laboratory data were observed during the study. The efficacy, safety, and utility rates were 98.4, 98.5, and 98.4%, respectively. Fragmin proved to have a higher utility rate and was a good and convenient alternative to conventional heparin as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis treatment.
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PMID:Clinical application of Fragmin (FR-860) in hemodialysis: multicenter cooperative study in Japan. 196 4

Psychogenic "purpura" consists in the spontaneous appearance of recurrent bruising, it is a reality which is still unexplained. Most often woman with an underlying emotional disorder are affected. In addition to cutaneous ecchymoses and hematomas they may have menometrorrhagia, hematuria, epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding in addition to many other complaints encompassing multiple organ systems. Cutaneous bruising is heralded by a burning or stinging sensation followed after a few hours by local warmth, puffiness and erythema, most often with some itching. The pain subsides when the ecchymoses appear a day later or earlier. Blood coagulation and hemostatic tests remain normal in all patients. A rare but poorly studied variety of psychogenic bleeding are religious or other stigmata with periodic bleeding at hands and feet, under the left breast and at the forehead, occasionally with bloody tears. It would be risky to substitute one poorly understood diagnosis (stigmata) with another (hysterical conversion). It is very difficult to distinguish spontaneous psychogenic from selfinflicted iatrogenic bleeding (purpura factitia) because patients may have the same obsessive-compulsive behavior or hysterical trait. Moreover, patients with self-induced bleeding act in a most clever manner and their continuous observation is difficult. The differential diagnosis with the "battered child" syndrome is rather easy. Other bleeding disorders with normal coagulation tests are an inherited failure of the collagen biosynthesis (f.i. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) or congenital or acquired vascular disorders (purpura senilis of Bateman, vitamin C deficiency, morbus Schamberg, purpura annularis of Majocchi, orthostatic purpura). There is virtually no scientific information on the interaction between the nervous system and hemostasis or blood coagulation. The only therapeutic approach in patients with psychogenic bleeding is psychiatric with particular attention to the sociocultural background of the patient and his family.
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PMID:[Psychogenic hemorrhages]. 205 21

An 8-year-old boy with reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome had erythematous plaques on his chest, face, and arms for three years. Sun exposure resulted in pruritus and increased lesions. Histologic examination revealed a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate with hematoxylin and eosin staining, positive staining material between the dermal collagen bundles with alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, and granular basement membrane deposits of IgM with direct immunofluorescence staining. Results of all lupus erythematosus serologies and porphyrin studies were negative. Minimal erythema dose determinations to ultraviolet A and B were normal, and the lesions could not be induced with high doses of irradiation. Topical sunscreens, corticosteroid cream, and systemic beta-carotene produced no therapeutic benefit.
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PMID:Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome: review of the world literature and report of the syndrome in a prepubertal child. 218 37

A 66-year-old Japanese woman with a rare acquired perforating disorder, usually called adult-type reactive perforating collagenosis, is reported. The patient had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with retinopathy under oral diabetic medication. She was found to have multiple papules and umbilicated nodules on the trunk and four extremities when she was admitted and examined for the origin of jaundice and severe pruritus of sudden onset. In the biopsy specimen, collagen fibers were observed to be eliminated from the dermis through epidermal tunnel-like perforations. No elastic fibers were eliminated, and serial sectioning of the specimen could not prove follicular perforation. Adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct was found to be the cause of the jaundice with pruritus. Although such cases are usually classified as acquired reactive perforating collagenosis of adult onset, proposed reclassification for acquired perforating disorders is discussed. Another case which also showed perforation and transepithelial elimination of both collagen and elastic fibers as an incidental histologic finding is described. Such elimination seems to be a not uncommon step in the formation of pruriginous eruptions. Therefore, these cases should be differentiated from acquired-type characteristic perforating disorders.
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PMID:Acquired perforating dermatosis: comparison of an acquired perforating dermatosis and perforation as an incidental histologic finding. 222 54

The present study investigated the interaction between the in situ dermis by using the donor site for split-thickness skin graft (STSG) and the cultured autologous epithelium in eleven individuals. Human epithelial cells were cultured according to the method of Rheinwald and Green, with some modification. The mirror-image site was covered by ointment dressing, and used as control. All of the grafted epithelial adhered to the wound bed within 7-8 days, and they were thick enough to be manipulated. On the other hand, the control areas didn't re-epithelize until 13-18th day postoperatively. Pain and exudate were remarkably reduced in all the cases, and there was less itching in 9 cases, as compared to the control areas (P less than 0.01; sign test). Even though there was no visual difference of scarring after 3 months, the grafted areas were much softer than the control areas in 8 cases (P less than 0.01). There was also a definite difference concerning pigmentation decrease in 5 cases. 7 days post-grafting, the cultured epithelium became thicker and more differentiated in 8-10 cell layers, and a well-developed basal lamina was observed by PAS stain and on electron micrographs. A 14th day specimen from the grafted area showed almost normal epidermis with melanin granules in the basal layer, despite of a mild intercellular edema among basal and spinous cells. Biopsies after 3 months revealed that there was less dermal fibrosis in the grafted areas than in the ungrafted ones. There appeared a tendency of rapid healing associated with minimal fibrosis, leading to satisfactory results. It is possible to infer that the epithelial-dermal interaction induced by cultured epithelial autograft may influence and regulate the formation of collagen and other extracellular matrix by fibroblasts. This study suggests that cultured autologous epithelium can provide a successful permanent skin substitutes in the donor site for STSG.
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PMID:[Clinical application of cultured autologous epithelium to donor sites for split-thickness skin graft]. 232 47


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