Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Samples which contain 2% (w/w) of allantoin in various emulsified vehicles were prepared and characterized. The influence of vehicle on releasing and diffusion of allantoin through semipermeable membrane into an aqueous medium was examined and the quantity of released allantoin was estimated spectrophotometrically. The best results were achieved with ambiphilic vehicle emulsified with complex Tagat S-Tegin M which in the aqueous phase contained propylene glycol (sample A2). On the contrary, with both lanacolic vehicles, the poorest results were achieved in vitro. On the basis of the results for clinical evaluation, the best preparation was chosen (A2) and the preparation with lanacolic vehicle which contains propylene glycol (B2). Before the application of samples, each patient was tested for irritation and sensitization. All test were negative. During further clinical examinations on patients suffering from psoriasis an open double trial for the duration of 14 d was performed. For the evaluation of the efficacy of the examined preparations, objective parameters of the clinical picture were observed (the state of hyperkeratosis, of erythema and infiltration) as well as subjective parameters which were evaluated by the patients themselves. When the in vitro results are compared with clinical estimation, it is evident that they correspond only when characteristics of the preparation are estimated by patients (smearing, absorption and feeling on the skin), because the best preparation was in these cases A2. Both preparations are equally good when regression of subjective symptoms is evaluated (itching and burning). In the objective evaluation of the regression of visible symptoms, such as hyperkeratosis and erythema, results of the clinical experiment do not correspond with results in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of emulsoid vehicle on the release and activity of allantoin. 160 83

Fifty-one patients, thirty-nine women and twelve men, with Pityrosporum folliculitis are described. This investigation clearly demonstrates that Pityrosporum folliculitis is a real entity. The diagnosis is based primarily on the clinical picture, direct microscopy, histopathology, and the effect of antimycotic treatment. The typical patient is a woman of 30 years with itching follicular papules and pustules localized to the upper trunk or upper arms. Direct microscopy reveals round yeast cells and sometimes even hyphae. In biopsy specimens, abundant round budding yeast cells and occasionally hyphae are seen in a dilated follicle. Yeast growth is obtained only on lipid-enriched media. Twenty-five patients were treated with selenium sulfide shampoo, twelve with 50% propylene glycol in water, and ten with topical econazole cream with good results. Cure or marked improvement was seen after 3 to 4 weeks, but symptoms and lesions recurred if treatment was not continued intermittently. Predisposing factors such as occlusion and greasy skin are probably important, and future studies should focus on fungal hypersensitivity, quantitative variations in the number of Pityrosporum orbiculare, lipid composition of the skin, and extended epidemiologic data.
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PMID:Pityrosporum folliculitis: a common disease of the young and middle-aged. 398 Aug 4

A study of the activity of a new corticosteroid for topical use, betamethasone in a propylene glycol vehicle, is reported. The trial was open and included 52 cases. These were mainly severe and chronic cases of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and intractable prurigos resulting from various causes. The overall results were quite satisfactory, with 80% of good or very good responses. Itching was the feature most frequently improved by this treatment. If atopic dermatitis and psoriasis reacted well the response was particularly satisfactory in lichen planus. Evidence indicating an important effect on adrenal gland function is pointed out. This effect was demonstrated either by decreased serum cortisol levels or by decreased urinary excretion of steroids. This point should be carefully monitored, especially when treating patients with extensive skin disease. Therapy should be discontinued very progressively.
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PMID:[A clinical trial of a new class IV corticosteroid for topical use. Fifty-two case-reports (author's transl)]. 627 Aug 23

Five per cent acyclovir cream containing propylene glycol was used in a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial of topical acyclovir therapy in 30 patients with recurrent orofacial herpes simplex infections. Several patients re-entered the trial and a total of 60 treated episodes were evaluated. Analysis of the first episodes treated showed a significant reduction in the duration of vesiculation from 2.7 to 1.8 days (P = 0.016) and in the total healing time from 8.3 to 5.7 days (P = 0.022). A decrease in the duration of itching was also observed. Evaluation of all episodes treated showed a significant decrease only in the duration of vesiculation from 2.3 to 1.6 days (P = 0.016); the total healing time was decreased from 6.6 to 5.4 days (P = 0.051). The penetration of acyclovir through the skin and the time of initiation of therapy appear to be the major limiting factors governing efficacy. We hypothesize that repeated treatment with acyclovir may decrease the severity of the herpes simplex infections.
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PMID:Topical acyclovir therapy in patients with recurrent orofacial herpes simplex infections. 635 55

A stable solution of erythromycin was developed using a vehicle of ethanol, propylene glycol, and citric acid buffer. In a controlled, randomized, double-blind comparison, a 2% solution of erythromycin applied to moderately severe facial acne was found to be superior to the blank vehicle in reducing the number of inflamed papules. During a period of 12 weeks, such papules were reduced by 56% in the erythromycin group, compared with 33% in the blank vehicle group. In the erythromycin group, 62% of the subjects had a good or excellent response, compared with 27% of those in the blank vehicle group. Adverse effects were similar in type in both groups and included redness, scaling, dryness, oiliness, burning, itching, and irritation of the eyes. No allergic reactions or skin infections were encountered.
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PMID:Topical erythromycin vs blank vehicle in a multiclinic acne study. 645 68

A 2-week, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and cosmetic acceptability of amcinonide cream 0.1 percent and halcinonide cream 0.1 percent in the treatment of 29 patients with eczematous dermatitis. The dermatologic status of each patient was rated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms, by the investigator's overall evaluation, and by two patient evaluations. Both medications produced statistically significant and equivalent improvement by Week 2. However, amcinonide was significantly favored in the efficacy evaluation of relief from burning pain at Week 2 and in patient acceptability evaluations in regard to the absence of burning, stinging, and itching on application. The role of propylene glycol in the formulation of the halcinonide cream as a contributing cause of irritation is noted.
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PMID:A controlled comparison of amcinonide cream 0.1 percent and halcinonide cream 0.1 percent in the treatment of eczematous dermatitis. 703 Jun 45

Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble disodium phosphate ester of phenytoin that is converted in plasma to phenytoin. Fosphenytoin is compatible with most common i.v. solutions and can be administered safely through the i.m.route. An additional safety factor is the absence of propylene glycol in the fosphenytoin formulation. Propylene glycol is used as a vehicle in the i.v. phenytoin preparation and by itself may produce serious cardiovascular complications. Studies of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance of i.v. fosphenytoin have demonstrated that fosphenytoin produces phenytoin plasma concentrations similar to those achieved with oral and i.v. phenytoin, but without significant cardiovascular effects and only minimal discomfort at the injection site. Aside from local reactions, the most common adverse events associated with fosphenytoin have been pruritus and reactions typical of phenytoin (e.g., dizziness, somnolence, and ataxia). Fosphenytoin represents a significant advance in the treatment of patients with seizures who require parenteral therapy.
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PMID:Intravenous administration of fosphenytoin: options for the management of seizures. 864 9

After more than a decade of use, topical minoxidil solution has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for androgenetic alopecia. However, some patients present with complaints of pruritus and scaling of the scalp. The most common causes of these symptoms include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, or an exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis. Patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis may benefit from patch testing to determine the causative allergen. Among the patients we patch tested, propylene glycol was found to be the contactant in a majority of cases, not the minoxidil itself. Many of these patients may be candidates for treatment with alternative formulations using other solvents, such as butylene glycol, polysorbate, or glycerol. Although predictive, patch testing results do not ensure that the compounded preparations will be tolerated. Unfortunately, patients found to be allergic to minoxidil are no longer candidates for topical treatment of their alopecia with any preparations of minoxidil.
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PMID:Allergic contact dermatitis to topical minoxidil solution: etiology and treatment. 1180 48

Disorders of cornification are a group of diseases that share abnormalities in the manufacture or desquamation of corneocytes. This paper reviews the major and a few of the rarer ones with a concentration on their therapy. Ichthyosis vulgaris is probably a post-translational defect in pro-filaggrin expression. It shows fine white flaky scales of the extensor surfaces, trunk, flank, lower legs but spares the folds and wet areas. Treatment is with aggressive moisturization. Hydrocortisone creams may be needed to control itch. Recessive X-linked ichthyosis is due to a deficiency of cholesterol sulfatase. Boys with this condition show small dark scales around the ears, sides of the neck, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, and the peri-umbilical region. It spares the folds and face. Treatment is with moisturizers, topical retinoid creams or with topical cholesterol-based creams. Checking for signs of contiguous gene disorders (Kallman or Conradi-Hunermann syndromes) is necessary. Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is caused by mutations in keratins 1 and/or 10. These patients are born as bright red babies with large blisters and erosions. Slowly, a porcupine quill-like waxy scaling develops. Blistering continues throughout life. Secondary infections of the skin cause pain, debility, and a very foul odor. Treatment is difficult. Topical moisturizers, descalers and retinoid creams help a little. Oral retinoids help a lot but can cause increased blistering. Controlling the odor is an ongoing issue using antibacterial washes, absorbing powders, and masking fragrances. Autosomal recessive ichthyosis is a term for both lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ishthysosiform erythroderma. They are caused by various mutations in transglutaminase-1 gene. In both instances patients are born as 'collodion babies'. Lamella ichthyosis has the very recognizable plate-like scale over the entire body. Children with congenital ishthysosiform erythroderma are red all over with a finer scale in some places and plate-like scales in others. Treatment is with topical moisturizers, retinoid creams, descalers, and in some cases oral retinoids. Palmar plantar keratodermas occur in conjunction with some ichthyoses, but also by themselves. Some are diffuse and others have discrete, corn-like hardenings. Treatment with topical acids, propylene glycol and retinoid creams help to some extent.Throughout the article pearls from my practice are included to assist the clinician in the day-to-day handling of these patients. A short section on genetic counseling concludes this article.
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PMID:Disorders of keratinization: diagnosis and management. 1497 40

Topical 2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide (minoxidil) solution has been widely used for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia for over 15 years now and the substance is currently approved for this indication in 2% and 5% formulation. Typical side effects of this topical treatment include irritative dermatitis going along with pruritus, erythema, scaling and dryness, which occur especially at the onset of the therapy. In some cases, allergic contact dermatitis or exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis has been reported. While most of the patients with allergic contact dermatitis described in the literature showed a positive sensitization to the vehicle substance propylene glycol evaluated by patch testing, reactions to the active ingredient minoxidil are rare. Here, we report a case of allergic sensitization to minoxidil, which we evaluated and differentiated from an irritative reaction by a combination of patch testing and lymphocyte transformation test. The differentiation of allergic and irritative adverse effects and the identification of the causative allergen are of major relevance for the proceeding and adjustment of the therapy. Patients with sensitizations against propylene glycol are candidates for preparations with alternative solvents but can proceed treatment with minoxidil. In contrast, patients with allergies to the active ingredient itself are no longer candidates for treatment with minoxidil and should undergo alternative therapeutic options.
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PMID:Positive lymphocyte transformation test in a patient with allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp after short-term use of topical minoxidil solution. 1619 Oct 35


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