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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of pruritus and ingestion of chloroquine phosphate in Saradidi, Kenya, was determined by randomly giving 437 children (less than 18 years) and 182 adults either 10 mg base kg-1 of regular chloroquine, 10 mg base kg-1 of enteric-coated chloroquine, 10 mg base kg-1 of amodiaquine, or one 300 mg tablet of enteric-coated ferrous sulphate. Before treatment, a blood smear was taken. Paired urine samples were tested for 4-aminoquinolines to exclude prior drug ingestion, to document drug absorption, and to exclude chloroquine or amodiaquine intake in persons who received iron. The following day, the incidence of itching was ascertained. More adults (20.3%) reported itching than did children (12.8%) (P less than 0.05); no significant difference between males and females was noted. A history of itching 24 hours after treatment was not significantly more common in persons with malaria parasitaemia. Pruritus was more frequent in those receiving regular chloroquine (21.5% of 186) and enteric-coated chloroquine (17.8% of 118) than after amodiaquine (11.6% of 173) or iron (8.5% of 142) (P less than 0.005). Amodiaquine which is a 4-aminoquinoline like chloroquine did not appear to cause significant pruritus in this population. These results demonstrate that chloroquine-associated pruritus is experienced frequently in Saradidi. This side effect of malaria treatment could influence usage of chloroquine phosphate provided by village health workers.
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PMID:Epidemiology of chloroquine-associated pruritus in Saradidi, Kenya. 296 16

A double-blind, double-dummy comparative study was made of 30 adult birch pollen-allergic outpatients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. They were treated with either topically applied beclomethasone dipropionate 100 micrograms in each nostril twice daily for 4 weeks, placebo, or an injection of 2 ml of a suspension containing 5 mg betamethasone dipropionate and 2 mg betamethasone disodium phosphate per ml (Diprospan) immediately prior to the birch pollen season. Placebo- and topical steroid-treated patients experienced an increase in rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, i.e. nasal blockage, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing and eye symptoms, and placebo-treated patients used significantly more antihistamine tablets during the pollen season. Diprospan-treated patients experienced fewer symptoms on all measured parameters. We concluded that one injection of Diprospan immediately prior to the birch pollen season produces significantly fewer rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms than does placebo and topical steroid treatment.
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PMID:Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. topical beclomethasone dipropionate and placebo in hay fever. 318 22

During the period from December 1984 to December 1986, ten patients with end-stage renal disease were evaluated with hyperparathyroidism refractory to medical management. Symptoms were bone pain in eight patients and pruritus and constipation in two. Two patients with bone pain also had impaired mentation. Biochemical preoperative assessment revealed calcium levels between 8.7 and 11.2 milligrams per deciliter, with a median of 10.5 milligrams per deciliter. Phosphate levels were normal in all but three patients, and the phosphate-calcium product was greater than 80 in two. Parathyroid hormone levels assessed with the radioimmunoassay method were elevated in all patients, and results of ultrasound of the neck, done in seven patients, revealed hyperplastic glands in six patients and normal glands in one patient. All patients underwent surgical exploration of the neck with removal of four parathyroid glands and immediate autotransplantation. No complications related to the operative procedure occurred. Postoperative calcium levels ranged between 6.5 and 9.5 milligrams per deciliter on the first postoperative day and normalized by the sixth day. Four patients experienced symptomatic hypocalcemia requiring intravenous calcium supplementation for one to six days postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was four days (three to seven days). All patients had histologically confirmed four gland parathyroid hyperplasia. Marked improvement of symptoms was accomplished in all patients after a period of three to 30 days. One patient required revision of the forearm parathyroid transplant after four months. One patient required calcium supplementation taken orally, two patients required 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and five required treatment with both. Two patients did not require any further medical treatment, and no patient had recurrent symptoms after a mean follow-up period of eight months. We recommend total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease as a safe and effective procedure for symptomatic refractory hyperparathyroidism. Symptom relief can be accomplished in the vast majority of patients.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of the parathyroid gland in patients with end-stage renal disease. 338 Nov 85

Twenty-nine patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were examined for dermatologic symptoms. Nineteen patients (66%) complained of pruritus, which was classified as mild (34%), moderate (24%), and severe (8%). Patients with pruritus did not differ from those without pruritus regarding serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, calcium, alkaline phosphatase or aluminum, nor was there any difference in duration of hemodialysis, age or sex. In pruritic patients serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone were significantly higher when determined with a mid-region radioimmunoassay technique (p less than 0.01) and higher, although not significantly, when the intact parathyroid hormone molecule was measured. Serum concentrations of phosphate were significantly lower in patients with pruritus (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. 341 8

A syndrome of intrahepatic cholestasis leading to death in early childhood was studied in 16 Greenland Eskimo children. The pedigrees are compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Jaundice, bleeding, pruritus, malnutrition, steatorrhoea, osteodystrophy and dwarfism were typical clinical features. Eight had died between the ages of six weeks and three years due to bleeding or infections. Hyperbilirubinaemia, profound hypoprothrombinaemia, thrombocytosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were evident. Serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels indicated a secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hepatic fibrosis developed with increasing age. Follow-up of the surviving patients was 4 to 30 months. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. The syndrome has some features in common with previously described patients with familial intrahepatic cholestasis. No specific treatment is available. Genetic counselling is essential.
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PMID:Fatal familial cholestatic syndrome in Greenland Eskimo children. 356 58

Ten children with end stage renal disease on chronic hemofiltration (HF) were studied for a 1-yr period to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) therapy on biohumoral parameters of renal osteodystrophy and bone mineral content. In six of these children an acute study was done of the direct effect of the HF procedure on calcium and phosphate balance during 12 HF sessions. During the first 6 months of the study all children were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.25-0.50 microgram/day) to maintain plasma calcium at 9.5-11.0 mg/dl. There was a significant increase in plasma calcium (p less than 0.05) and a significant decrease in plasma phosphate (p less than 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (p less than 0.05). The circulating levels of NH2 immunoreactive parathyroid hormone did not change, remaining at the upper limits of reference values. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-COOH terminal fragment levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). Bone mineral content rose significantly (p less than 0.01). During the last 6 months of the study, to evaluate the possibility that HF alone might control secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was discontinued in five children; plasma calcium and phosphate were well controlled whereas hyperparathyroidism worsened in all five, and one also developed intense pruritus and hypertension. The other five children remained on 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment; two of these were transplanted, and the other three continued to show an improvement of mineral balance. The results of the acute study showed that calcium balance was positive with a mean Ca++ gain of 140 mg/HF session. The mean total phosphate removed per HF run was 574 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 treatment on mineral balance in children with end stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemofiltration. 375 54

A single oral dose of triprolidine hydrochloride, 0.04 mg/kg (mean dose 2.7 +/- SD 0.4 mg) was administered to seven healthy, fasting adult volunteers who had never been treated previously with H1-receptor antagonists. Blood sampling and intradermal tests with 0.01 ml of histamine phosphate (0.1 mg/ml) were performed at -0.25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 12 hours after the dose. Wheal-and-flare circumferences were traced, and the areas were measured by planimetry. Pruritus was quantitated by use of a clinical score. Urine was collected in 6-hour pooled aliquots for a total of 24 hours. Serum and urine triprolidine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Wheal-and-flare areas and pruritus decreased after the triprolidine dose. Suppression of mean flare size was statistically significant at 2, 3, 6 and 8 hours. Suppression of mean wheal size was not statistically significant at any time compared to predose values. The mean triprolidine serum half-life was 2.1 +/- 0.8 hours. The mean peak serum triprolidine concentration of 15.4 +/- 8.3 ng/ml occurred 2 hours after ingestion. No triprolidine was detected in the serum after 12 hours. The mean urinary excretion of unchanged triprolidine during 24 hours was 1.3 +/- 1.0% of the dose administered.
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PMID:An investigation of the H1-receptor antagonist triprolidine: pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic effects. 394 83

Pruritus is a frequent and troublesome consequence of end-stage renal disease. We have surveyed 155 chronic dialysis patients and found pruritus to be a significant problem in approximately 70%. Seventeen patients reporting severe pruritus were treated thrice weekly with total body exposure to either UVA or UVB light. UVB light resulted in resolution of pruritus in all cases. UVA light was without significant effect. Skin biopsies obtained before and after UV phototherapy revealed elevated contents of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in all pruritic patients. The resolution of pruritus following UVB treatment was associated with a reduction of skin phosphorus to values comparable with nonpruritic uremics or healthy volunteers. Uremic pruritus may be due to increased skin divalent ion content resulting in microprecipitation of calcium or magnesium phosphate.
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PMID:Uremic pruritus: skin divalent ion content and response to ultraviolet phototherapy. 400 93

Topical application of the nonimmune selective mast-cell degranulating agent, compound 48/80, produced the signs and symptoms of ocular allergy (itching, injection, chemosis, and mucous discharge) in eight guinea pigs, eight rabbits, and nine humans. The histamine H1 receptor antagonist, antazoline phosphate, blocked itching but not vasodilation in five humans pretreated with compound 48-80. This suggests that histamine was one of the mediators released by compound 48-80-induced degranulation. Compound 48-80 may be helpful in evaluating the effects of therapeutic agents capable of modifying mast-cell degranulation and in the study of mediators involved in external ocular inflammation.
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PMID:Animal and human ocular surface response to a topical nonimmune mast-cell degranulating agent (compound 48/80). 616 89

Patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated for 10 weeks with either topical clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) twice daily, benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) twice daily, or benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) in the morning and clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) in the evening. The effects of each regimen appeared to vary in decreasing specific types of acne lesions, with the combination therapy showing the greatest decrease when all types of lesions were considered. Cutaneous side-effects were greatest with benzoyl peroxide alone during the early weeks of treatment, while the combination therapy displayed no greater incidence of redness, scaling, or itching than clindamycin phosphate alone. All three regimens produced clinical improvements which did not differ significantly from each other.
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PMID:Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris. 623 42


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